Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach 5th Edition Test Bank

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Indicatetheanswerchoicethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.1.WhatisthemostnotablecontributionofClarenceHinckes?a.Hearguedthatmentalillnessistreatablewithacombinationofdrugsandindividualizedattention.b.Hearguedthatmentalillnesswasincurablebutmorehumaneinstitutionswereneededtocareforthementallyill.c.Hearguedthatmentalillnesswascausedbybrainpathologyand,therefore,wasincurableandthattherapyshouldconsistoflearningtocopewithsymptoms.d.Hearguedthatmentalillnesswastreatable,whichwascontrarytotheprevailingviewatthetime.2.Whoistheconceptofa“hierarchyofneeds”mostcloselyassociatedwith?a.CarlRogersb.AnnaFreudc.AbrahamMaslowd.CarlJung3.Theconceptofhysteriatraditionallymeantphysicalsymptomsforwhichnoorganicpathologycouldbefound.Whichofthefollowingtermsisnowusedtorefertothisconcept?a.neurosisb.anxietydisordersc.delusionsd.somaticsymptomdisorders4.Trentisinpsychoanalysisandstatestohistherapistthathethinksthathiswifeisconsideringhavinganaffairwithherco-worker.Lateroninthesession,Trentadmitsthatheistemptedtostartanaffairwithhisownco-worker.WhatdefencemechanismwasTrentdisplayingwhenheaccusedhiswifeofthinkingaboutbeingunfaithful?a.sublimationb.projectionc.displacementd.denial5.Accordingtopsychoanalytictheory,whatistheroleoftheego?a.tocounteracttheaggressiveandsexualdrivesoftheidb.tomaximizepleasureandreducetensionc.tomediateconflictbetweentheidandthesuperegod.toincreaseself-esteemandastrongsenseofidentity6.WhatwasErikson’sgreatestcontributiontopsychoanalyticaltheorizing?a.hisideathatdevelopmentoccursacrossthelifespanb.hisideathatsexualarousalandinterestoccurduringthelatencystagec.hisideathatsocietalfactorsinfluenceourbehaviourd.hisideathatintrapsychicconflictsareresolvedinearlychildhood

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7.Accordingtopsychoanalytictheory,theidoperatesaccordingtothepleasureprinciple.Whatdoesthatmean?a.Itutilizessecondary-processthinking.b.Itthinksinanunemotional,logical,andrationalmanner.c.Itissexual,aggressive,selfish,andenvious.d.Itadherestosocialrulesandregulations.8.Aftergraduation,twoofyourfriendsexpressaninterestinpsychologycareers.Carlwantstoworkwithrelativelyhealthyindividualswhoareexperiencingadjustmentorvocationaldifficulties.Annawishestofocusonthemoreseverepsychologicaldisordersandconductresearchintotheircauses.Becauseyouarestudyingabnormalpsychology,theyaskyouforcareeradvice.Whatdoyoutellthem?a.Carlshouldstudypsychologyatthegraduatelevel,andAnnashouldapplytomedicalschool.b.Carlshouldstudyclinicalpsychologyatthegraduatelevel,andAnnashouldstudycounsellingpsychologyatthegraduatelevel.c.Bothofthemshouldapplytomedicalschool.d.Annashouldstudyclinicalpsychologyatthegraduatelevel,andCarlshouldstudycounsellingpsychologyatthegraduatelevel.9.Inthelate1800s,therewasanemphasisonbiologicalcausesofmentaldisorders,whichironicallyreducedinterestintreatmentsformentalpatients.Whydidthishappen?a.becauseitwasthoughtthathospitalstaffwerenotadequatelytrainedtoadministernewtreatmentsb.becauseitwasthoughtthatpatientswouldimprovemorerapidlyiftheywerenothospitalizedc.becauseitwasthoughtthatmentalillnessduetobrainpathologywasincurabled.becauseitwasthoughtthatphysiciansshoulddevotemoretimetothephysicallyill10.In1895,howdidneurologistJosefBreuertreatAnnaO.’shystericalsymptoms?a.usingmesmerismb.usinghydrotherapyc.usingtheplaceboeffectd.usinghypnosis11.Whichofthefollowing18thcenturytermsforpsychiatricconditionsisrelatedtoanexplanationformentalillness?a.lunaticb.mentaldefectivec.maniacd.idiot12.Youareinamallwhenayoungchildbeginstoscreamandshoutbecausehisparentswillnotbuyhimthelatesttoy.WhatwouldB.F.Skinnermostlikelysayaboutthechild’sbehaviour?a.ItisanexpressionofrepressedOedipalangertowardhisfatheranditwilldiminishnaturallyashegetsolder.b.Itisaclassicallyconditionedresponsetobeinginthemall.c.Itwouldbemosteffectivelyalteredoverthelongtermbysimplyignoringit.d.Itwouldbemosteffectivelyalteredoverthelongtermbyscoldinghimandpositivelyreinforcingmoreappropriatebehaviour.

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13.HowdoesGestalttherapydifferfrompsychoanalytictherapy?a.InGestalttherapy,thereisnodelvingintopastexperiences.b.InGestalttherapy,thecriticalelementisthetherapist’sunconditionalpositiveregardforthepatient.c.InGestalttherapy,thereislittleemphasisonthehereandnow.d.InGestalttherapy,thereislittleornotrainingrequiredfortherapists.14.Ifapsychologicaldisorderissaidtohaveanacuteonset,howdidthesymptomsdevelop?a.atypicallyb.suddenlyc.graduallyd.sporadically15.WhichofthefollowingGreekphilosopherssuggestedthatmaladaptivebehaviourwasrootedinsocialandculturalfactors?a.Galenb.Hippocratesc.Platod.Aristotle16.PopularmusicianLadyGagahasperformedwithbloodspurtingoutofherclothes.Whymighthavingbloodspurtfromherclothesbeconsideredabnormal?a.becauseherbehaviourdemonstratesasenseofsubjectivediscomfortb.becauseshehasaninabilitytodistinguishrightfromwrongc.becauseitisadeviationfromthewhatistypicalinhersocietyd.becausesheshowsaninabilitytofunctioneffectively17.AntonMesmer,anearly18th-centuryphysician,purportedtocurepatientsbyunblockingtheflowofabodilyfluidhecalled“animalmagnetism.”BenjaminFranklin’sdouble-blindexperimentindicatedthatanyeffectivenessofMesmer’smethodswasactuallyduetowhichofthefollowing?a.undetectablemagneticfieldsb.chemicallyinducedhumoralbalancec.thepowerofsuggestiond.mentaltelepathy18.Psychologicaldisorderscanbedescribedasfollowingatypicalcourseorindividualpattern.Disordersthattendtolastalongtimefollowonetypeofcourse,whereasdisordersthatshowadiscontinuous,repetitivepatternfollowanothertypeofcourse.Whatarethesecourses,respectively?a.chronic;episodicb.chronic;time-limitedc.pervasive;time-limitedd.insidious;recurrent19.Accordingtoobjectrelationstheory,whatdoestheconceptof“introjection”referto?a.astrongdrivetowardself-actualizationandself-assessmentb.theprocessofinternalizingtheimages,memories,orvaluesofanimportantpersoninone’slifec.theabilitytoadaptsuccessfullytoone’senvironmentd.projectingone’sownunacceptablefeelingsontoanotherindividualorobject

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20.Whyisapatient’sageimportantinformationintheclinicaldescription?a.becauseyoungchildrendonotexperiencetruepsychologicaldisordersb.becauseolderadultsarereluctanttoreportpsychologicalsymptomsc.becausechildrenarenotreliablesourcesofinformationaboutsymptomsd.becausedisordersoccurringinchildhoodmaybeexpresseddifferentlyatolderages21.InmostWesternsocieties,whathappenswhenapersonentersatrancestateandbelievesheorsheispossessed?a.Thepersonisbelievedtobesufferingfromapsychoticdisorder.b.Thepersonisdiagnosedwithadissociativedisorder.c.Thepersonmaybeviewedashavingapsychologicaldisorder.d.Thepersoncanbecuredwithantipsychoticmedication.22.Whyarehystericaldisordersnolongerconsideredtobecausedbya“wandering”uterus?a.becausemenalsosufferfromhystericaldisordersb.becauseofgreaterknowledgeofphysiologyc.becausethetheoryisconsideredinsultingtowomend.becausewhentheuterusisremoved,symptomstendtoremain23.Williamlivedinthe19thcenturyandhadthecognitivedisorderknownas“generalparesis.”Basedonthisinformation,whatotherdiseasedoyouknowWilliamsufferedfrom?a.epilepsyb.hysteriac.malariad.syphilis24.Inthe14thcentury,whatdidthephysicianwhofirsttreatedFrance’sKingCharlesVIsuggestasacure?a.reducinghisresponsibilitiesb.bloodlettingc.exorcismd.sexualabstinence25.Statisticaldataarerelevanttoresearchers.Forexample,onemajorepidemiologicalstudyfoundthatabout7.8percentofpeopleinNorthAmericahavehadamooddisorderatsomepointintheirlivesand3.7percenthaveexperiencedamooddisorderoverthepastyear.Whatdothe7.8percentand3.7percentstatisticsreferto,respectively?a.incidence;prevalenceb.incidence;recurrencec.proportion;prevalenced.prevalence;incidence26.JohnGreywasanimportantfigurein19th-centurypsychiatryintheUnitedStates.Whatdidhebelievewasalwaysthecauseofmentalillness?a.physicalcausesb.social/environmentalinfluencesc.psychologicalfactorsd.unknowninfluences

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27.WhatdidJeanCharcotfindwhenheusedavariationofMesmer’s?a.Thesemethodswereeffectiveintreatinganumberofpsychologicaldisorders.b.Thesemethodswerenomoreeffectivethanpreviousmethodshehadused.c.Patientswerebetterabletounderstandthelinkbetweentheiremotionalproblemsandtheirpsychologicaldisorder.d.Thesymptomsofsomepatientsactuallyworsened.28.Accordingtopsychoanalytictheory,whatdotheconflictsbetweentheidandthesuperegooftenleadto?a.anxietyb.angerc.violentbehaviourd.depression29.Duringmoresuperstitioustimes,whichofthefollowingwasthoughttobethecauseofabnormalbehaviour?a.ademonicpossessionb.blackbilec.homosexualityd.punishmentoftheilliterate30.WhichofthefollowingisassociatedwiththehumanistictheoriesofCarlRogers?a.hierarchyofneedsb.dreamanalysisc.moralhygiened.client-centredtherapy31.AccordingtoHippocrates’humoraltheory,whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthecholericpersonality?a.hottemperedb.kindc.lackingaffectd.easygoing32.Youarelisteningtooldmusicaltunes,including“MelancholyBaby.”Yourfriendsareimpressedwhenyoutellthemthat“melancholic,”referringtoadepressivepersonality,derivesfromtheGreektermmelancholer.Whatdoesthistermmean?a.yellowbileb.phlegmc.bloodd.blackbile33.Supposeyouknowsomeonelivedsometimebetween1100ADand1900ADbutyoudon’tknowtheexactyearsandyouhadtoplaceabetonwhichtreatmentforapsychologicaldisordertheyweremostlikelytohavehad.Whichtreatmentwouldyoubeton?a.inducedseizuresb.bloodlettingc.drillingthroughtheskulld.exorcism

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34.IncontrasttoFreud,howdidJungandAdlerviewhumannature?a.Theybelievedthatcognitiveandpersonalityfactorsshapehumanpotential.b.Theybelievedthathumansarebornwithastrongdrivetowardself-actualization.c.TheybelievedthattheegoismuchstrongerthanFreudpostulated.d.Theybelievedthathumansareshapedthroughlearningfromtheirenvironment.35.Youhavejustreadanewspaperarticleaboutasavagerapeandmurder.Youwonderhowanyonecouldcommitsuchahorriblecrime.ThenyourecallfromyourstudyofFreudiantheorythatanyonecouldbeakillerorrapistifcertainimpulsesarenotwellcontrolled.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheseimpulses?a.intrapsychicforcesb.alibidinousdesirec.thedriveoftheidd.primitiveforces36.Inthe14thand15thcenturies,inadditiontoattributingmentalillnesstothesupernatural,somepeoplesuggestedthatmentalillnesswascausedbywhatotherfactor?a.anunhealthylifestyleb.headinjuriesc.stressd.genes37.Adoghadbeenconditionedtosalivatetothesoundofabellbecauseofitsassociationwiththepresentationoffood.Later,whenexposedtothebellwithoutfoodforalongperiod,thedogeventuallystoppedsalivatingtothesoundofthebell.Whatisthisphenomenonknownas?a.extinctionb.responsefadingc.conditionedforgettingd.stimulusfading38.InFreudiantheory,theterms“libido”and“thanatos”representtwobasicbutopposingdrives.Whatarethey?a.lifeanddeathb.pleasureandpainc.sexandcelibacyd.goodandevil39.WhywasEmilKraeplin’slastingcontributiontomodernpsychiatryintheareaofdiagnosisandclassificationofpsychologicaldisorders,ratherthanthatoftreatment?a.becauseofhisdiscomfortwithactuallyworkingwithpatientsb.becauseofhisconvictionthatbetterdiagnosiswasnecessaryformoreeffectivetreatmentc.becauseofhisbeliefthatthesedisorderswereduetobrainpathologyd.becauseofhisbeliefintheinfluenceofthesocialenvironmentinmentalillness40.Whoseworkleadtoadeclineinmoraltherapy?a.Greyb.Dixc.Hinckesd.Freud

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41.Afour-year-oldgirlsucksherthumb,ateenagerbingesonfood,andanadultwomanbitesherfingernails.AccordingtotheFreudiantheoryofpsychosexualdevelopment,whatunderliesallofthesebehaviours?a.repressionofaggressiveimpulsesb.afixationattheoralstageofpsychosexualdevelopmentc.atraumaduringthetoilet-trainingphased.denialofunacceptablefeelings,thoughts,orwishes42.Inmanypartsoftheworldduringthe1970s,whatwouldanindividualsufferingfromananxietydisordermostlikelyhavebeenprescribed?a.bromidesb.neurolepticsc.benzodiazepinesd.electroconvulsivetherapy43.AccordingtoFreudiantheory,anxietyisasignalfortheegotomarshalitsmechanismsofdefence.Thisisafunctionofwhichofthefollowing?a.reality-basedactionsb.consciouseffortstomaintaincontrolc.unconsciousprotectiveprocessesd.primitiveemotionalresponses44.WhyisWatsonandRayner’sexperimentinwhichtheyinducedafearofwhite,furryobjectsinLittleAlbertfamous?a.Itwasthefirstreal-lifedemonstrationofoperantconditioning.b.Itwasthefirstrecordedlawsuitmadeagainstthepsychologyprofessionforunethicalbehaviour.c.Itwasthefirstrecordedexampleofinducingfearofanobjectinalaboratorysetting.d.Itprovedthelawofeffect.45.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthethreewaysapsychotherapistcanfunctionasascientist-practitioner?a.writingtextbooksb.evaluatingclinicalpracticec.prescribingmedicationsd.teachingstudents46.When20-year-oldLarrywasfirstidentifiedassufferingfromschizophrenia,hisfamilywantedtoknowhowthedisorderwouldprogressandhowitwouldaffecthiminthefuture.Inmedicalterms,whatdidthefamilywanttoknow?a.Larry’spsychosocialprofileb.Larry’spathologyc.Larry’sdiagnosisd.Larry’sprognosis47.WhatmovementdidDorotheaDixstart?a.thementalhygienemovementb.themoralmovementc.thehumanetherapymovementd.thedeinstitutionalizationmovement

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48.InancientGreece,awomansufferingfromhysteriamightbetoldthatherconditioncouldbecuredbywhichofthefollowing?a.inducedseizuresb.bloodlettingc.marriaged.restandrelaxation49.Thetermpsychotherapistisusedtodescribea.clinicalpsychologistsandpsychiatristsonly.b.peoplewhoprovidetherapybutwhodonotholdmedicaldegrees.c.peoplewhofollowedinthetraditionsofSigmundFreud.d.anyonewhoistrainedtotreatpsychopathologicaldisorders.50.Howdoespsychodynamicpsychotherapydifferfromclassical(Freudian)psychoanalysis?a.Itemphasizesthegoalofpersonalityreconstruction.b.Itfocusesmoreonsocialandinterpersonalissues.c.Itconsiderspastexperiencesimportant.d.Itrequiresalong-termcommitmentonthepartofthepersonbeinganalyzed.51.Aclassmateinyourpsychologycourseisworriedabouttheselfishandsometimesdangerousdrivesoftheid.Whichofthefollowingshouldyousaytoyourclassmatetoaddressthisfear?a.Becauseidimpulsesareusuallypartofconsciousawareness,wecanlearntocontrolthem.b.Idfantasiesneverbecomepartofconsciousawareness,soweneveractonthem.c.Eachofusdevelopsanegotohelpusbehavemorerealistically.d.Theselfishdrivesoftheidaretransformedtopositiveemotionalexpressions.52.Ronhasjustbeendiagnosedwithschizophreniaandhospitalized.WhatwouldThomasSzaszMOSTlikelyargue?a.Ronshouldnotbehospitalizedbecausedoingsowillonlymakehissymptomsworse.b.Ron’sbehaviourdoesnotrepresentanillnesslikediabetes,and“schizophrenia”ismerelyalabelappliedonthebasisofhighlysubjectivejudgments.c.Ron’sschizophreniaisaseriousillnessthatisbesttreatedwithacombinationofdrugsandfamilytherapy.d.Ronshouldbeassessedfurtherbecausemistakesindiagnosisaremadefrequently.53.JackandKellyhavebeendatingforsixmonths.Kellyisnotinterestedincontinuingtheirrelationship.ShecallsJackandinformshimthatalthoughshecaresabouthim,shemustendtheirrelationship.Jacklaughsandsays,“Funnyjoke.”Kellystates,“Thisisnotajoke;Iamserious.”Jackthensays,“I’llpickyouupinanhourfordinner.”Whichdefencemechanismdoesthisexampleillustrate?a.displacementb.projectionc.deniald.repression54.Whywaselectroconvulsivetherapyoriginallyusedasatherapyforschizophrenia?a.becauseitwas(mistakenly)observedthatschizophreniawasrarelyfoundinpeoplewithepilepsyb.becauseitwas(mistakenly)observedthatitcouldreducebrainseizures,providingacurec.becauseitwas(mistakenly)observedtoinduceconvulsionsandstimulatedappetiteinpsychoticpatientsd.becauseitwas(mistakenly)observedtoalleviatethedepressionthatoftenaccompaniesschizophrenia

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55.Afterreceivingtheresultsoffourdifferentsetsoftests,Mary’sdoctortellsherthatshehascancer.Marystates,“Thiscan’tbetrue;I’mgoingtogetasecondopinion.”Whichdefencemechanismdoesthisexampleillustrate?a.displacementb.denialc.projectiond.repression56.Inthemiddleofthe20thcentury,whichofthefollowingweresomeofthefirsteffectivedrugsforpsychologicaldisorders?a.benzodiazepinestotreatdepressionb.bromidesandopiumforsedationc.insulinandneurolepticsforsedationd.neurolepticsforpsychoticsymptoms57.AccordingtoAbrahamMaslow’shierarchyofneeds,individualswillbeunabletoachievehighlevelsofself-actualizationandself-esteemunlesswhichofthefollowinghastakenplace?a.unlesstheyhavebeenraisedwithunconditionalpositiveregardfromprimarycaregiversb.unlesstheyhavefirstmetmorebasichumanrequirementssuchasfood,sex,andfriendshipc.unlesstheyhavedevelopedsufficientegostrengthd.unlesstheyhavegratifiedtheirbasicneedsandsatisfiedtheirdriveforphysicalpleasurethroughthefivepsychosexualstagesofdevelopment58.Bloodletting,oftenthroughtheuseofleeches,wasatreatmentdevisedcenturiesago.Whatwasthistreatmentusedfor?a.toreduceexcessivebloodinthebrainb.tocorrectachemicalimbalanceinthebrainc.toreducethenegativeeffectsofstressd.torestorethebalanceofhumors59.Whatistheformaldefinitionofpsychopathology?a.themedicationsusedtotreatsomepsychologicaldisordersb.thecriteriausedtodefinepsychologicaldisordersc.thepsychologicaltherapiesusedtotreatpsychologicaldisordersd.thescientificstudyofpsychologicaldisorders60.TheOedipuscomplexisthepsychosexualconflictoccurringduringthephallicstageofdevelopmentinboys.Howisthiscomplexcharacterized?a.byloveforthemotherandfeelingsofangerandenvytowardthefatherb.byarepressedneedfororalgratificationc.byaloveforthefatherandfeelingsofrepulsiontowardthemotherd.byarepressedneedforgenitalself-stimulation

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61.In14th-and15th-centuryEurope,towhatwasinexplicablebehaviourattributed?a.evilb.stupidityc.humorsd.astrology62.Sarahunderwentchemotherapytreatmentforcancer.Shenowreportsexperiencingmildnauseawhenshedrivesbythehospitalandseverenauseawhensheentersthehospitalwhereherchemotherapywasadministered.Whatphenomenonbestexplainsthesereactionstostimulisheassociateswithherchemotherapy?a.reconditioningb.introspectionc.operantconditioningd.stimulusgeneralization63.Thediscoveryofcertaintranquilizersmadeitpossibletocontrolpsychoticsymptoms,includinghallucinationsanddelusions.Whatkindofdrugswerethesetranquilizers?a.neurolepticsb.bromidesc.benzodiazepinesd.opiates64.Ascomparedtoherfather,SigmundFreud,AnnaFreud(1895–1982)focusedherworkonthewayourbehaviourisinfluenced.Whichofthefollowingdidshewrite?a.IdandtheMechanismsofDefenseb.OurNeurosisandtheMechanismsofDefensec.OurSelf-actualizationandtheMechanismsofDefensed.EgoandtheMechanismsofDefense65.InFreud’siceberganalogyofthepsyche,whichtwoelementscanoperatewithintheconsciousmind?a.theegoandtheidb.theidandthepreconsciousc.thepreconsciousandthesuperegod.thesuperegoandtheego66.Inclassicalpsychoanalysis,whyistheprocesswherebythetherapistinterpretsapatient’sdreamsoftendifficult?a.becausethepatientmayresistuncoveringrepressedmaterialanddenytheinterpretationb.becausepatientsoftenforgettheirdreamsc.becausethepatientmayrelatetothetherapistmuchasheorshedidtowardaparentfigured.becausethetherapistmaywishnottoupsetthepatientwithanegativeinterpretation67.Louiewasbarkinglikeadogandwalkingonhishandsandknees.AprofessionalthoughtthecauseofLouie’sproblemwasanexcessofaparticularneurotransmitter,andprescribedadrugtotreathim.Whatkindofprofessionalwasthismostlikely?a.aclinicalpsychologistb.asocialworkerc.apsychiatricsocialworkerd.apsychiatrist

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68.Whatistherelationshipbetweenapresentingproblemandaclinicaldescription?a.Obtainingthepatient’sclinicaldescriptionisthefirststepindeterminingwhatthepatient’spresentingproblemis.b.Describingthepatient’spresentingproblemisthefirststepindeterminingthepatient’sclinicaldescription.c.Thepresentingproblemreferstothecurrentstatusofadistressedindividual;theclinicaldescriptionreferstothetreatmentplan.d.Thepresentingproblemreferstosymptomsthatlastonlyashorttime,whereastheclinicaldescriptionreferstosymptomsthatarechronic.69.Jasonhasbeenhavingalotofdifficultybecauseofhisirrationalfears.HisdoctoradvisesJasontoparticipateinananxiety-reductionprocedurebasedontheworkofJosephWolpe.Whatisthisprocedure?a.aversiveconditioningb.person-centredtherapyc.systematicdesensitizationd.mesmerism70.WhatdoesWolpe’stechniqueofsystematicdesensitizationinvolve?a.reinforcingsuccessiveapproximationstoafinalbehaviourorsetofbehavioursb.graduallyintroducingthefearedobjectsorsituationssothatfearcanbeextinguishedc.graduallyreinforcingfearlessbehaviourandpunishingfearresponsesd.reinforcinganincompatibleresponsetoafearedsituation71.Inthepsychosocialapproachcalled“moraltherapy,”whatdoestheterm“moral”mean?a.emotionalb.ethicalc.religiousd.story72.Whataretworecentdevelopmentsthathavecontributedtoamultidimensional,integrativeapproachtopsychopathology?a.theintroductionofhighlyspecializeddrugsandmoresophisticatedtrainingformentalhealthworkersb.increasinglysophisticatedmedicaltechnologyandtherealizationthatnooneinfluenceonbehavioureveroccursinisolationc.deinstitutionalizationandthegrowthofhumanistictherapiesd.anincreaseinpublicmentalhealtheducationandlessrelianceondrugstocontrolabnormalbehaviour73.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofhowdefencemechanismsaffectcopingstyles?a.Theyaredependentupontheageofthepersonandhowtheyareused.b.Theycanbeeitheradaptiveormaladaptive.c.Theyareself-defeating.d.Theyareadaptive.

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74.Inclassicalpsychoanalysis,whatdoestheconceptof“transference”referto?a.theprocesswherebythepatientfalselyattributeshisorherownunacceptablefeelingsorthoughtstothetherapistb.theprocesswherebythetherapistprojectssomeofhisorherownpersonalfeelingsontothepatientc.theprocesswherebythepatientrelatestothetherapistasheorshewouldtowardaparentfigured.theprocesswherebythepatientdirectspotentiallymaladaptiveimpulsestosociallyacceptablebehaviour75.AlonsobelievesthatHedwig’sbehaviourdisturbanceisduetoanexcessofblackbile.WhoseideasaboutpsychiatrydoesAlonso’sbeliefbestalignwith?a.Bluelerb.Aristotlec.Newtond.Hippocrates76.Whowasthefirsttheoristtoarguethatgeneticswererelatedtoabnormalfunctioning?a.Hippocratesb.Galenc.Freudd.Grey77.WhyareoperantconditioningtechniquesbeingappliedinCanadianhospitalsettings?a.toincreasepatients’insightintotheirfearsandwishesb.toreducepsychiatricpatients’undesirablebehaviourandincreasetheirdesirablebehaviourc.toreducepatients’fearofsurgeryd.toincreasenursingstaff’sempathy78.Howdomostmentalhealthprofessionalsviewpsychoanalysisasatreatmenttechnique?a.Ithasbeenproveneffective.b.Ithasbeensubjecttocarefulmeasurementcriteria.c.Itisbasicallyunscientific.d.Itisnotedforconsistencyinanalyticinterpretation.79.AccordingtoAnnaFreud’segopsychology,whendoesabnormalbehaviourdevelop?a.whentheegodoesnotdevelopnormallyduetopsychosexualconflictsattheoralstageofdevelopmentb.whentheegoisdeficientinregulatingsuchfunctionsasdelayingandcontrollingimpulsesc.whentherearesocialandpsychologicalbarrierstoachievingself-actualizationd.whenintrojectedobjectsbecomeanintegratedpartoftheego80.Whenusingthepsychologicaldisordercriteria,whenwouldanindividualbeassessedashavingacognitivedysfunction?a.whenhisorherthoughtprocessesaretotallyoutoftouchwithrealityb.whenheorsheisextremelydistressedc.whenhisorherbehaviourviolatessocialnormsd.whenheorsheavoidsinteractionswithotherpeople

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81.Frankdrinksthreebottlesofwineeachdayandbelieveshewouldbefineifpeoplewouldjust“mindtheirownbusiness.”Whichcriterionforabnormalityisabsentfromthisscenario?a.objectiveharmtoothersb.personaldistressc.maladaptivenessd.qualitativeuniqueness82.Realizingpatientsareoftenunawareofmaterialpreviouslyrecalledunderhypnosis,Charcot,Breuer,andFreudhypothesizedtheexistenceofaconceptconsideredoneofthemostimportantdevelopmentsinthehistoryofpsychopathology.Whatwasthatconcept?a.psychosisb.theunconsciousmindc.catharsisd.repression83.Mrs.Babcockreceivedaverypoorratingfromhersupervisor,whohadbeenconstantlycriticizingherinfrontofherco-workers.Whenshegothome,herchildrenranuptogreether,alltalkingatonce.Sherespondedbyyelling,“Leavemealone!Can’tyouseeI’mtired?”Accordingtopsychoanalytictheory,whichdefencemechanismdoesthissituationillustrate?a.projectionb.displacementc.repressiond.rationalization84.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofahealthydefencemechanism?a.sublimationb.projectionc.deniald.repression85.Accordingtopsychoanalytictheory,whatprocessdoesapersondevelopearlyinlifetoensurethattheycanadapttothedemandsoftherealworldwhilestillfindingwaystomeetingtheirbasicneeds?a.heridb.herconsciencec.hersuperegod.herego86.Inwhichdefencemechanismdoesanindividualsubstitutebehaviour,thoughts,orfeelingsthatarethedirectoppositeofunacceptableones?a.displacementb.repressionc.rationalizationd.reactionformation87.Inpsychoanalyticpsychotherapy,whichofthefollowingismostimportantforpatients?a.tostrivetoreachtheirfullpotentialb.toremainemotionallydetachedfromtheanalystc.tofindaneffectivemedicationd.todescribethecontentoftheirdreamstotheanalyst

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Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 15 preview image

88.Whichofthefollowingwascommoninasylumsinthemid-18thcentury?a.physicalrestraintsandseclusionb.individualattentionfromthehospitalstaffc.lecturesoninterestingsubjectsforhospitalizedpatientsd.opportunitiesfornormalsocialinteraction89.WhatdidFreudandBreuerdiscoverabouttheprocessknownas“catharsis”?a.Theydiscoveredthatitreducespsychoticsymptomssuchashallucinationsanddelusions.b.Theydiscoveredthatitoccursbeyondtheconsciousawarenessofthepatient.c.Theydiscoveredthatitleadstoinsight.d.Theydiscoveredthatthepowerofsuggestionsubconsciouslychangedbehaviour.90.Inducedvomitingwasa17th-centurytreatmentfordepression.AsdescribedinAnatomyofMelancholy(1621),thiscouldbeaccomplishedbyeatingwhat?a.tobaccob.icec.rawmeatd.onions91.Whatdohumanistictherapistsregardasthemostpositiveinfluenceinfacilitatinghumangrowth?a.therapistinterpretationsofthepatient’sverbalizationsb.self-esteemc.egodevelopmentd.relationships(includingthetherapeuticrelationship)92.TheElectracomplexisthepsychosexualconflictthatoccursatthephallicstageofdevelopmentingirls.Howisthiscomplexcharacterized?a.bylatencylustb.byfeelingsofangerandenvytowardthemotherc.bycastrationanxietyd.byadesiretoreplacethemotherandpossessthefather93.George,amalecollegestudent,beganfeelingsadandlonely.Althoughheisstillabletogotoclassesandworkathisjob,Georgefindshimselffeelingdownmuchofthetimeandheworriesaboutwhatishappeningtohim.Whichpartofthedefinitionofabnormalityappliestohissituation?a.personaldistressb.lackofsocialsupportc.impairedfunctioningd.violationofsocietalnorms94.Theegooperatesaccordingtooneprinciple,andtheidoperatesaccordingtoanotherprinciple.Whatarethey,respectively?a.reality;pleasureb.conscious;unconsciousc.pleasure;aggressiond.reality;aggression

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Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach 5th Edition Test Bank - Page 16 preview image

95.Youareapsychiatristinthe1930swhohasdecidedtobegintreatingyourpatientsdiagnosedwithschizophreniawithanewtreatmentknownas“electroconvulsivetherapy”insteadofthetraditional“insulinshocktherapy.”Whatisthemostlikelyreasonforthisdecision?a.Youbelievethatinsulintherapyistooexpensive.b.Youbelievethatinsulintherapyistoorisky.c.Youbelievethatinsulintherapyisnoteffective.d.Youbelievethatinsulintherapyisunethical.96.InMedievalEurope,feelingsofdespairandlethargywereseenasasin.Whatwasthissincalled?a.gluttonyb.lustc.slothd.greed97.AccordingtotheancientGreekphysicianHippocrates,whichofthefollowingfactorscouldnegativelyinfluencepsychologicalfunctioning?a.familystressb.birthorderc.believinginastrologyd.supernaturalforces98.Whendidmoraltherapyworkbest?a.whenitwasusedwithgroupsofpatients,ratherthanthroughindividualattentiontopatientsb.whenthenumberofpatientsinaninstitutionwas200orfewerc.whenitwasusedinpopulationsofimmigrantsandthepoord.whenitwassupplementedbytheuseofrestraintandseclusion99.BasedonHippocrates’humoraltheory,whattypeofpersondoestheterm“sanguine”describe?a.humorousb.pessimisticc.paled.cheerful100.WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedaspartofFreud’sstructureofthemind?a.psycheb.superegoc.egod.id101.Discussthecontroversysurroundingtheuseofmedicaldiagnosesinthecaseofpsychologicaldisorders.ExplainthepositiontakenbyThomasSzasz.102.Compareandcontrastthethreetraditionalmodelsofabnormalbehaviour:supernatural,psychological,andbiological.Mentionkeyaspectsoftheexplanationsofabnormalbehaviourandtreatmentsofthementallyillassociatedwitheachmodel.103.Explainthebasicassumptionsofpsychoanalytictheory.Refertoconceptssuchasanxiety,defencemechanisms,andpsychosexualdevelopment.Usespecificexamplestoillustratetheseconcepts.

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