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Test Bank For Forensic Psychology, 5th Edition

  • Psychology
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    TEST BANK Brent Snook, Ph.D. Memorial University Forensic Psychology Fifth Edition Joanna Pozzulo Carleton University Craig Bennell Carleton University Adelle Forth Carleton University

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    Chapter 01: An Introduction to Forensic Psychology Chapter 01 Multiple Choice Questions 1. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 01 Page - Reference: 4 Answer: free recall results in the most accurate answers 2. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 02 Page - Reference: 4 Answer: a reality experiment 3. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 03 Page - Reference: 4 Answer: emotional arousal influences accuracy of recall

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    4. Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 04 Page - Reference: 4 - 5, 12, 21 Answer: 1, 3, 4, 2 5. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 05 Page - Reference: 4 Answer: Ca ttell 6. Difficulty: M oderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 06 Page - Reference: 4 Answer: free recall

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    7. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 07 Page - Reference: 5 Answer: retroactive memory falsification 8. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 08 Page - Reference: 5 Answer: interrogation records 9. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 09 Page - Reference: 5 Answer: a psychologist interested in the effect of pre - trial press coverage 10.

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    Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 10 Page - Reference: 5 Answer: Varendonck 11. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 11 Page - Reference: 5 Answer: a psychologist interested in the accuracy of child eyewitnesses 12. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 12 Page - Reference: 6 Answer: Hugo Munsterberg 13. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 13 Page - Reference: 6 Answer: Munsterberg – On the Witness Stand

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    14. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 14 Page - Reference: 6 Answer: John Henry Wigmore 15. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 15 Page - Reference: 7 Answer: mesomorphs 16. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 16 Page - Reference: 7 Answer: learning 17.

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    Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 17 Page - Reference: 7 Answer: Becker 18. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 18 Page - Reference: 7 - 8 Answer: someone with high levels of extraversion and neuroticism 19. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 19 Page - Reference: 7 - 8 Answer: Akers – social lea rning theory 20. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 20 Page - Reference: 8 Answer: State v. Driver

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    21. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 21 Page - Reference: 8 Answer: the admissibility of expert testimony from psychologists on mental disorders 22. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 22 Page - Reference: 10 Answe r: Risk assessment and treatment 23. Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 23 Page - Reference: 9 Answer: Quebec 24.

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    Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 24 Page - Reference: 9, 24 Answer: R. v, Mohan 25. Difficulty: Ea sy QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 25 Page - Reference: 10 - 12 Answer: The development of professional associations that represent the interests of forensic psychologists. 26. Difficulty: Moderate Questi onID: 01 - 1 - 26 Page - Reference: 12 - 13 Answer: A psychologist who studies how psychopathy influences patterns of offending. 27. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 27 Page - Reference: 13 - 14 Answer: Studying the effects of lighting conditions on eyewitness recall.

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    28. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 28 Page - Reference: 13 - 14 Answer: Forensic psychiatrists are medical doctors. 29. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 29 Page - Reference: 14 - 15 Answer: All of the above . 30. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 30 Page - Reference: 14 Answer: Forensic pathology 31.

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    Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 31 Page - Refere nce: 14 Answer: Forensic entomology 32. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 32 Page - Reference: 16 Answer: A psychologist providing expert testimony in court on the accuracy of eyewitness identification. 33. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 33 Page - Reference: 16 Answer: psychology in the law 34. Diffic ulty: Hard QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 34 Page - Reference: 16 Answer: studying the accuracy of eyewitnesses

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    35. Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 35 Page - Reference: 17 Answer: Studying the effect of the law on the amount of crime in our society. 36. Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 0 1 - 1 - 36 Page - Reference: 17 Answer: R. v. L.T.H. 37. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 37 Page - Reference: 17 Answer: R. v. Lavallee 38.

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    Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 38 Page - Reference: 1 7 Answer: R. v. Oickle 39. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 39 Page - Reference: 17 Answer: R. v. Williams 40. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 40 Page - Reference: 18 Answer: Expert witnesses are able to offer their opinion to the court. 41. Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 41 Page - Reference: 18 Answer: Provide testimony relevant to the case as you understand it.

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    42. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 42 Page - Reference: 19 Answer: Psychology is prescriptive and law is descriptive. 43. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 43 Page - Reference: 19 Answer: Law is idiographic while psychology is nomothetic. 44. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 44 P age - Reference: 19 Answer: purpose

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    45. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 45 Page - Reference: 20 - 21 Answer: the admissibility of expert testimony 46. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 46 Page - Reference: 21 Answer: The research has been conducted in real - world (i.e., non - lab) settings. 47. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 0 1 - 1 - 47 Page - Reference: 21 - 22 Answer: It dealt with the admissibility of expert evidence. 48.

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    Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 48 Page - Reference: 21 - 22 Answer: The testimony must have been allowed into evidence by a higher court. 49. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 1 - 49 Page - Reference: 22 Answer: It ruled that exp ert witnesses should be independent and impartial. Chapter 01 Short Answer Questions 1. Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 01 - 2 - 01 Page - Reference: 7 - 8 Answer: a. Biological theories - E.g., Sheldon's constitutional theory suggests that body build and temperament are linked; mesomorphs, due to their aggressive nature and muscular build, are more likely to become involved in crime. b. Sociological theories - E.g., Merton's strain theory suggests that certain people (e.g., those from the lower class) have restricted access to legitimate means (e.g., education) t o achieve valued goals of success (e.g., high paying jobs); some of these individuals will turn to illegitimate means (e.g., crime) in an attempt to achieve these goals. c. Psychological theories - E.g., Bowlby's theory of maternal deprivation suggests t hat early separation of children from their mothers prevents effective social development from taking place; without effective social development, children will experience problems developing positive social relationships and will instead develop antisocia l inclinations. 2. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 2 - 02 Page - Reference: 12 - 13

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    Answer: According to Bartol and Bartol (2006), forensic psychology is defined as (a) the research endeavour that examines aspects of human behaviour directly related to the legal process and (b) the professional practice of psychology within or in consultation with a legal system that embraces both civil and criminal law. 3. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 2 - 03 Page - Reference: 13 - 15 Answer : a. Clinician - As a clinician, the forensic psychologist is interested in mental health issues as they pertain to the legal system. Activities can include research (e.g., validating an assessment tool) and practice (e.g., making risk assessment decision s). b. Researcher - As a researcher, the forensic psychologist is concerned with mental health issues as they pertain to the legal system, but also any other research issues that relate to the law or legal system. Examples of potential activities include examining the effectiveness of risk assessment strategies, determining factors that influence jury decision making, studying the impact of questioning style on eyewitness recall, etc. c. Legal scholar - As a legal scholar, the forensic psychologist is i nterested in the analysis of mental health law and psychologically oriented legal movements. Most of the activities of the legal scholar revolve around policy analysis (e.g., taser use in police agencies) and legislative consultation (e.g., mandatory arres t legislation in domestic violence cases). 4. Difficulty: Hard QuestionI D: 01 - 2 - 04 Page - Reference: 16 - 17 Answer: a. Psychology and the law - Psychology is viewed as a separate discipline to the law and is used to test various assumptions made by the law or legal system. - E.g., determining whether risk of violence can be accurately predicted using a specific assessment tool b. Psychology in the law - Psychological knowledge is applied directly within the context of the legal system as it operates. - E.g., the provision of expert testimony about factors that influenc e the accuracy of eyewitness identifications in a court case c. Psychology of the law - Psychology is used to study the law itself - E.g., a legal scholar examining whether certain laws have helped to reduce the crime rate 5.

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    Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 2 - 05 Page - Reference: 18 Answer: - The two main funct ions of expert witnesses are to provide the court with information that assists them in understanding the issues at hand and to provide the court with an opinion (which must fall within the limits of their areas of expertise). - Expert witnesses differ fr om ordinary witnesses in that they are able to provide their opinion on a particular matter, whereas ordinary witnesses are only able to testify about what they have directly observed. 6. Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 01 - 2 - 06 Page - Reference: 19 Answer : a. Knowledge - In psychology, knowledge is gained through cumulative research. - In the law, knowledge is acquired through precedent, logical thinking, and case law. b. Methodology - In psychology, methods are predominantly nomothetic (i.e., goal is to uncover general trends and processes). - In the law, the methodological approach is idiographic (i.e., operates on a case - by - case basis). c. Nature of law - Psychology is descriptive, the goal being to describe how people behave. - Law is prescripti ve, telling people how they should behave. d. Epistemology - In psychology, it is assumed that there is an objective truth that can potentially be uncovered using the experimental method. - In the law, truth is defined subjectively and is based on who c an present the most convincing argument. e. Principles - In psychology, alternative explanations are considered (i.e., falsifiability). - The lawyer's goal is to convince the court that his/her explanation is solely correct. f. Criteria - Psychology is cautious and conservative in accepting a hypothesis as true (results must be replicated, etc.). - Law decides truth on the basis of a single case and a criterion that is far more lenient. g. Latitude - The behaviour of a psychologist providing expert t estimony in court is severely restricted. - The behaviour of a lawyer within the court is subject to far fewer restrictions. Note. The student need only provide four of the seven dimensions to receive full marks. 7. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 01 - 2 - 07 Page - Reference: 20 - 21

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    Answer: - The general acceptance test is a standard for accepting expert testimony. It states that e xpert testimony will be admissible in court if the basis of the testimony is generally accepted within the scientific community in which it belongs. - This test formed the basis for admissibility decisions for many years in the United States; however, the major criticism associated with it comes from the vagueness of terms such as "general acceptance" and "the particular field in which it belongs" and whether judges are able to appropriately determine the scope of these terms. 8. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 01 - 2 - 08 Page - Reference: 21 Answer: 1) The research has been peer reviewed . 2) The research is testable (i.e., falsifiable through experimentation). 3) The research has a recognized rate of error. 4) The research adheres to professional standards. 9. Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 01 - 2 - 09 Page - Reference: 21 - 22 Answer: a. The Mohan criteria are the Canadian criteria which outline factors that should be considered when de termining the admissibility of expert testimony in court. The four criteria are: - The evidence must be relevant. - The evidence must be necessary for assisting the trier of fact (i.e., it goes beyond the common understanding of court). - The evidence m ust not violate any rules of exclusion (i.e., it must not relate to whether a witness is telling the truth). - The testimony must be provided by a qualified expert. b. These criteria are potentially problematic as they are highly subject to the discretio n of the judge and judges can sometimes be wrong (e.g., the judge determines if the evidence actually goes beyond the common understanding of the jury).

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    Chapter 02: Police Psychology Chapter 02 Multiple Choice Questions 1. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 01 Page - Reference: 28 Answer: Police selection 2. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 02 Page - Reference: 29 Answer: cognitive ability tests 3. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 03 Page - Reference: 29 Answer: intelligence

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    4. Difficulty: Mod erate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 04 Page - Reference: 29 Answer: background checks 5. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 05 Page - Reference: 29, 30 Answer: The police aptitude test and the six factor personality questionnaire. 6. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 06 Page - Reference: 29 Answer: background checks 7.

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    Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 07 Page - Reference: 29 Answer: p olygraph test 8. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 08 Page - Reference: 30 Answer: PARE 9. Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 09 Page - Reference: 31 Answer: Sarah: has a public relations background, volunteered at a children's fitness program, has receiv ed leadership awards, got top grades in her degree program, and is considered responsible and trustworthy. 10.

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    Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 10 Page - Reference: 31, 33 Answer: Sets of characteristics that define a "good" police officer. 11. Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 11 Page - Reference: 31 - 32 Answer: The need to ensure that the results of a police selection instrument are related to some measure of police performance. 12. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 12 Page - Reference: 31 Answer: predictive validity 13. Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 13 Page - Reference: 32 Answer: The re is no relationship between the selection instrument and job performance ratings.

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    14. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 14 Page - Reference: 32 - 33 Answer: All of the above 15. Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 15 Page - Reference: 33 Answer: There is disagreement on how to best measure the performance of police officers. 16. Difficulty: Moderate Questi onID: 02 - 1 - 16 Page - Reference: 33 - 34 Answer: There is little research examining the predictive validity of the interview. 17.

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    Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 17 Page - Reference: 34 Answer: used with caution 18. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 18 Page - Reference: 34 Answer: RPAT 19. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 19 Page - Reference: 35 Answer: academy performance, on - the - job performance 20. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 20 Page - Reference: 35 Answer: MMPI

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    21. Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 21 Page - Refe rence: 35 - 36 Answer: MMPI - 2 Lie Scale 22. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 22 Page - Reference: 36 Answer: Inwald Personality Inventory 23. Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 23 Page - Reference: 36 Answer: IPI 24.

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    Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 24 Page - Re ference: 36 Answer: situational tests 25. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 25 Page - Reference: 36 - 37 Answer: a situational test 26. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 26 Page - Reference: 36 Answer: moderate predictive validity. 27. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 27 Page - Reference: 39 Answer: All of the above.

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    28. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 28 Page - Reference: 39 Answer: racial profiling 29. Diff iculty: Moderate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 29 Page - Reference: 41 Answer: The recent movement towards deinstitutionalization of mentally ill individuals. 30. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 30 Page - Reference: 42 Answer: mentally ill individuals had significantly more contact with the police.

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    31. Difficulty: Hard QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 31 Page - Reference: 44 Answer: Criminal Code 32. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 32 Page - Reference: 44 - 45 Answer: less than 1% 33. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 33 Page - Reference: 44 - 45 Answer: Police use of force. 34.

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    Difficulty: Moderate Question ID: 02 - 1 - 34 Page - Reference: 45 Answer: Suspects in use - of - force encounters are usually under the influence of drugs or alcohol at the time of the encounter. 35. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 35 Page - Reference: 46 Answer: Robert Dziekanski 36. Difficulty: Easy QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 36 Page - Reference: 46 - 47 Answer: officer presence 37. Difficulty: Moderate QuestionID: 02 - 1 - 37 Page - Reference: 46 - 47 Answer: Following the continuum completely removes the need for police discretion in use - of - force situations.

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