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Test Bank For Myers' Psychology for AP, 1st Edition

  • Psychology
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    1 Flow is characterized by a ________ awareness of self and a(n) ________ awareness of the passing of time.  sensory; diminished Incorrect  diminished; subliminal Incorrect  heightened; heightened Incorrect  diminished; diminished ( True Answer )Correct  sensory; subliminal Incorrect 2 Those who view their work as a necessa ry but personally unfulfilling way to make money are said to view work as a  flow. Incorrect  contract. Incorrect  job. (True Answer )Correct  calling. Incorrect  career. Incorrect 3 Andrea views her work as primarily an opportunity to climb up the corporate ladder in pursuit of increasingly better positions. Andrea apparently views her work as a  calling. Incorrect  job. Incorrect  contract. Incorrect  career. (Tr ue Answer )Correct  flow. Incorrect 4 Work is most likely to satisfy the higher - level needs in Maslow's hierarchy for those who  work only part - time. Incorrect  view their work as a calling. (True Answer )Correct  are strongly motivated by high wages. Incorrect  are supervised by managers with a directive style. Incorrect  view work as a means to an end. Incorrect 5 Work is LEAST likely to satisfy the higher - level needs in Maslow's hierarchy for those who  receive 360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  frequently experience flow. Incorrect  view their work as a job. (True Answer )Correct  are self - employed. Incorrect

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     work in the service industry. Incorrect 6 Those who view their work as a fulfilling and socially useful activity are said to view work as  a job. Incorrect  a calling. (True Answer )Correct  a career. Incorrect  contractual. Incorrect  temporary. Incorrect 7 After studying artists who would spend hour after hour painting or sculpting with enormous concentration, Csikszentmihalyi formulated the concept of  transformation leadership. Incorrect  strengths - based selection. Incorrect  achievement motivation. Incorrect  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  flow. (True Answer )Correct 8 A completely focused state of consciousness resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills is called  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  task leadership. Incorrect  flow. (True Answer )Correct  achievement motivation. Incorrect  gri t. Incorrect 9 Which of the following is the most complete definition of the flow state as described by Csikszentmihalyi?  a completely focused state of consciousness resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills (True Answer )Correct  the pinnacle of psy chological achievement, exemplified by a lack of ego and concern for all other people Incorrect  a clinical situation in which the patient feels completely accepted by the therapist Incorrect  the extreme focus experienced by people engaged in multi - media activities, such as video games and television viewing. Incorrect  the feeling of lost time experienced during hallucinatory states Incorrect

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    10 A high level of satisfaction with one's work is most likely to be reported by those who frequently experience  flow. (True Answer )Correct  human factors. Incorrect  unstructured interviews. Incorrect  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  evaluation. Incorrect 11 Matt is a high school sophomore who of ten becomes so fully absorbed in his course studies that he completely loses his awareness of how long he has been working. Matt's experience best illustrates  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  strengths - based training. Incorrect  assistive l istening. Incorrect  flow. (True Answer )Correct  extrinsic motivation. Incorrect 12 Which profession is most likely to be concerned with the effect of supervisors' management styles on worker motivation and productivity?  developmental psychology Incorrect  social psychology Incorrect  industrial - organizational psychology (True Answer )Correct  cognitive psychology Incorrect  personality psychology Incorrect 13 Which profession is most directly invo lved in the application of psychology's principles to the workplace?  social psychology Incorrect  personality psychology Incorrect  cognitive psychology Incorrect  developmental psychology Incorrect  industrial - organizational psychology (True Answer )Correct 14 Matching people with existing jobs is to ________ psychology as modifying jobs and supervision is to ________ psychology.  human factors; organizational Incorrect  organizational; human factors Incorrect  personnel; organizational (True Answer )Correct

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     organizational; pers onnel Incorrect  industrial; organizational Incorrect 15 Dr. Eisenberg develops assessment tools for use by company supervisors to appraise the performance of workers and make decisions about job promotions. His work best illustrates that of a(n) ________ psychologist.  clinical Incorrect  personnel (True Answer )Correct  organizational Incorrect  human factors In correct  industrial Incorrect 16 Developing assessment tools for select ing and placing employees is of most direct relevance to  social psychology. Incorrect  clinical psychology. Incorrect  organizational psychology. Incorrect  human factors psychology. Incorrect  personnel psychology. (True Answer )Correct 17 Human factors psychologists are most l ikely to be involved in  designing training programs to prepare unemployed persons for existing jobs. Incorrect  exploring how machines can be optimally designed to fit human abilities. (True Answer )Correct  assessing the impact of supervi sors' management styles on business productivity. Incorrect  matching people's strengths with specific job assignments. Incorrect  creating psychological instruments that assess employees' strengths and weaknesses. Incorrect 18 Human factors psychology is one of the three main subfields of  clinical psychology. Incorrect  personnel psychology. Incorrect  social psychology. Incorrect  industrial - organizational psychology. (True Answer )Correct  developmenta l psychology. Incorrect

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    19 Personnel psychologists are most likely to be involved in  matching people's strengths with specific job assignments. (True Answer )Correct  modifying work environments so as to improve employee engagement. Incorrect  contributing to the design of user - friendly industrial machines. Incorrect  assessing the effect of supervisors' management styles on business productivity. Incorrect  documenting the most efficient time - management techniques by pro ductive employees. Incorrect 20 After discovering that their company's best software developers are highly analytical, personnel psychologists focused their employment ads for additional software developers less on applicants' experience and more on their ability to engage in logical problem solving. This best illustrates th eir commitment to  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  social leadership. Incorrect  structured interviews. Incorrect  a strengths - based selection system. (True Answer )Correct  task leadership. Incorrect 21 Work activities that are specifically suited to your strengths are most likely to be those associated with the experience of  flow. (True Answer )Correct  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  implementation intentions. Incorrect  external re wards. Incorrect  human factors. Incorrect 22 A performance evaluation program revea led that the most effective salespeople in a large company are sincere and energetic in their work. This led the company's psychological consultants to develop a simulation that would assess the extent to which applicants for company sales positions commun icate in a forthright and animated manner. This most clearly illustrates the consultants' commitment to  structured interviews. Incorrect

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     human factors psychology. Incorrect  a strengths - based selection system. (True Answer )Correct  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  operant conditioning theory. Incorrect 23 How do unstructured interviews compare with aptitude tests and job knowledge tests in predicting on - the - job performance?  they are better than aptitude tests, but worse than job knowledge tests Incorrect  they are as good as aptitude tests, but better than job knowledge tests Incorrect  they are better than aptitude tests, and better than job knowledge tests Incorrect  they are worse than aptitude tests, and worse than job knowledge tests (True Answer )Correct  they are worse than ap titude tests, but as good as job knowledge tests Incorrect 24 Which of the following is generally the poorest predictor of future job performance?  aptitude tests Incorrect  job knowledge tests Incorrect  simulated job performance tests Incorrect  evaluations from informal interviews (True Answer )Correct  strengths - based testing Incorrect 25 Interviewers are disposed to judge job applicants more favorably when informed that the applicants  are applying for their very first career position. Incorrect  have been prescreened by other company personnel. (True Answer )Correct  are nervous and worried about making a good impression. Incorrect  have a strong desire to work hard if paid well. Incorrect  are talented and have high IQs. Incorrect 26 Mr. Walters has many years of experien ce as a personnel officer for a large corporation. He does not review most job applicants' reference files because he is confident of his ability to predict their future work performance based on his direct face - to - face conversations with them. Mr. Walters ' confidence best

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    illustrates  social leadership. Incorrect  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  the halo error. Incorrect  transformational leadership. Incorrect  the interviewer illusion. (True Answer )Correct 27 When meeting job applicants, employers often discount the influence of varying situations on applicants' behaviors and presume that what they observe applicants do and say reflects the applicants' enduring personality traits. This most clearly contributes to  severity errors. Incorrect  the interviewer illusion. (True Answer )Correct  strengths - based selection systems. Incorrect  the experience of flow. Incorrect  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect 28 If interviewers instantly like a job a pplicant because of his or her good looks, they may judge the person's complimentary remarks as indicating ―polite manners‖ rather than ―manipulative flattery.‖ This best illustrates the impact of ________ on the interpretation of interviewees' responses.  transformational leadership Incorrect  interviewers' preconceptions (True Answer )Correct  360 - degree feedback Incorrect  achievement motivation Incorrect  subjective well - being Incorrect 29 Danielle, an applicant for a position in corporate financial accounting, was so animated and enthusiastic in her conversations with company officials that they decided to hire her without carefully checking her resumé and past work accomplishments. The company officials should most clearly be informed about  human factors psychology. Incorrect  social leadership. Incorrect  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  the interviewer illusion. (True Answer )Correct  the experience of flow. Incorrect

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    30 By scripting specific job - relevant questions to be asked of all those applying for a particular work position, a personnel psychologist is most clearly developing a framework for  maximizing productivity. Incorrect  the experience of flow. Incorrect  transformational leadership. Incorrect  structured interviews. (True Answer )Correct  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect 31 Dr. Thompson is involved in scripting interview questions that will effectively predict job applicants' success in specific work positions. Her work best illustrates that of a(n) ________ psychologist.  personnel (True Answer )Correct  organizational Incorrect  human factors Incorrect  clinical Incorrect  humanistic Incorrect 32 Structured interviews have more ______ __ than unstructured interviews.  unit bias Incorrect  leniency errors Incorrect  predictive accuracy (True Answer )Correct  360 - degree feedback Incorrect  statistical reliability Incorrect 33 Scales and checklists on which supervisors indicate the extent to which a worker is productive, follows correct procedures, and attends to customers' needs are designed primarily for the purpose of improving  unstructured interviews. Incorrect  social leadership. Incorrect  performance appraisal. (True Answer )Correct  a directive style of management. Incorrect  industrial production. Incorrect 34 Full and clear communication regarding Kelsey's effectiveness as a customer service manager is enhanced by the performance appraisals she periodically receives from fellow managers, subordinates, customers, and her sup ervisor. This best illustrates the value of

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     experiencing flow. Incorrect  structured interviews. Incorrect  360 - degree feedback. (True Answer )Correct  task leadership. Incorrect  Maslow's motivational hierarchy. Incorrect 35 The practice of 360 - degree feedback is especially likely to involve  unit bias. Incorrect  the experience of flow. Incorrect  behavior checklists and rating scales. (True Answer )Correct  command and control management. Incorrect  strengths testing. Incorrect 36 The practice of 360 - degree feedback is most clearly designed to improve  achievement motivation. Incorrect  the experience of flow. Incorrect  task management. Incorrect  unstructured interviews. Incorrect  performance appraisal. ( True Answer )Correct 37 Carlos is so friendly and likable that his job supervisors and co - workers often appraise his work skills and performance more positively than is actually warranted. This best illustrates evaluators' vulnerability to  strengths - based performance. Incorrect  the interviewer illusion. Incorrect  intrinsic motivation. Incorrect  the experience of flow. Incorrect  halo errors. (True Answer )Correct 38 Performance appraisal scales that specify in detail the precise behaviors that are indicative of poor, adequate, good, and excellent worker performance are most likely to inhibit  severity errors. (True Answer )Correct  the experience of flow. Incorrect  structured interviews. Incorrect  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  task leadership. Incorrect

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    39 Paul is seldom absent from work. However, an illness the previous week forced him to miss work for a day, and his supervisor evaluated his performance less positively than was warranted. This best illustrates the supervisor's vulnerability to  the interviewer illusion. Incorrect  leniency errors. Incorrect  recency errors. (True Answer )Correct  unit bias. Incorrect  human factors. Incorrect 40 Jeff, who is 14, engages in rigorous t ennis drills or competitive play at least four hours every day because he wants to master the sport and play on one of the best college teams in the country. His goal and behavior best illustrate  performance appraisal. Incorrect  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  human factors psychology. Incorrect  achievement motivation. (True Answer )Correct  task leadership. Incorrect 41 When researchers monitored the profess ional accomplishments of more than 1500 highly intelligent individuals, they found that the most successful were more ambitious, energetic, and persistent. This best illustrates the importance of  social leadership. Incorrect  achievement motiv ation. (True Answer )Correct  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  performance appraisal. Incorrect  leniency errors. Incorrect 42 In studies of both secondary school and university students, ________ has been a better predictor of school performance than intelligence scores have been.  social leadership. Incorrect  self - discipline. (True Answer )Correct  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  family birth order. Incorrect  leniency errors. Incorrect 43 A desire to pursue high standards and significant accomplishments is indicative of  drive reduction. Incorrect

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     directive management. Incorrect  social leadership. Incorrect  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  achievement motivation. (True Answer )Correct 44 A small number of the contributors to any field typically produce a disproportionately large share of its accomplishments despite the fact that their less productive professional colleagues are fairly comparable in raw ability. This best illustrates the importance of  social leadership . Incorrect  achievement motivation. (True Answer )Correct  strengths - based selection. Incorrect  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  performance appraisal. Incorrect 45 Those who demonstrate grit are especially likely to have a high level of  charisma. Incorrect  social leadership. Incorrect  achievement motivation. (True Answer )Correct  management training. Incorrect  task leadership. Incorrect 46 The passionate and persistent dedication to an ambitious long - term goal that is often demonstrated by those with high achievement motivation is most indicative of  grit. ( True Answer )Correct  charisma. Incorrect  outsourcing. Incorrect  a directive style of management. Incorrect  a strengths - based style of management. Incorrect 47 A business setting in which workers have regular opportunities to do what they do best and perceive that they are part of something significant is one that promotes  360 - degree feedb ack. Incorrect  implementation intentions. Incorrect  employee engagement. (True Answer )Correct  unstructured interviews. Incorrect  human factors. Incorrect

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    48 Organiza tional psychologists are most likely to be involved in  matching people's strengths with specific job assignments. Incorrect  modifying work environments to improve employee engagement. (True Answer )Correct  contributing to the design of u ser - friendly industrial machines. Incorrect  designing training programs to prepare unemployed persons for existing jobs. Incorrect  creating new categories of personality traits as determined by empirical tests. Incorrect 49 Modifying management practices and work assignments to increase employee engagement best illustrates the professional concerns of  human factors psychologists. Incorrect  clinical psychologists. Incorrect  personnel psychologists. Incorrect  organizational psychologists. (True Answer )Correct  psychometric psychologists. Incorrect 50 In the early 1800s, Robert Owen improved the work environment in a Scotland cotton mill with humanitarian reforms. The commercial success that followed best illustrates the value of  structured interviews. Incorrect  employee engagement. (True Answer )Correct  leniency errors. Incorrect  a strengths - based selection system. Incorrect  personality trait testing. Incorrect 51 Business units with high levels of employee engagement experience  higher rates of organizational productivity and lower rates of employee turnover. (True Answer )Correct  lower rates of organizational productivity and higher rates of employee turnover. Incorrect  equal rates of organizational productivity and higher rates of employee turnover. Incorrect  lower rates of organizational productivity and lower rates of

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    employee turnover Incorrect  equal rates of organizational productiv ity and lower rates of employee turnover. Incorrect 52 Expecting every teacher on staff at a high school to teach the same number of courses and engage in the same amount of after - school activities would  interfere with the practice of 360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  help to promote social leadership. Incorrect  fail to adequately develop the unique strengths of each teacher. (True Answer )Correct  facilitate the teachers' experience of flow. Incorrect  work well, given the results of research on human factors equity. Incorrect 53 By publicly praising their employees' positive behaviors, managers often encourage their workers to continue laboring productively. This best illustrates the value of  reinforcement. (True Answer )Correct  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  a democratic management style. Incorrect  experiencing flow. Incorrect  human factors. Incorrect 54 As a business manager, Julie often calls her employees' attention to their occasional mistakes while withholding praise for their many accomplishments. Julie fails to take full advantage of a basic principle of  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  operant conditioning. (True Answer )Correct  task leadership. Incorrect  social leadership. Incorrect  cognitive psychology. Incorrect 55 Antonio, a sixth - grader, has just brou ght home a 30 - word spelling test on which he spelled only 15 words correctly. If Antonio's parents want to effectively encourage higher levels of achievement in their son, they should tell him  ―What's important is that you do your best always.‖ Incorrect  ―Try to raise your next test score 5 points by typing your new spelling words into our computer.‖ (True Answer )Correct  ―Test performance is often unrelated to how much you

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    actually learned.‖ Incorrect  ―If you don't perform better o n your next test, you won't be allowed to watch television before bedtime.‖ Incorrect  ―You may not have a talent for spelling, and we'll talk with your teacher about changing the test.‖ Incorrect 56 The on - time completion of major work p rojects is most clearly facilitated by  reducing flow. Incorrect  scripting structured interviews. Incorrect  receiving 360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  stating implementation intentions. (True Answer )Correct  positive reinforcement s and punishments. Incorrect 57 Leaders who set target dates for the completion of specific measurable goals best illustrate  transformational leadership. Incorrect  managing by objectives. (True Answer )Correct  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  the experience of flow. Incorrect  organizational psychology. Incorrect 58 Managers with a task - leadership style would be most likely to  mediate a conflict between two argumentative employees. Incorrect  give employees a high degree of freedom to develop their own work procedures. Incorrect  remind employees of the exact deadlines for the completion of work projects. (True Answer )Correct  avoid closely monitoring the productivity of individual employees. Incorrect  form work groups who develop their own deadlines and worker evaluation instruments. Incorrect 59 Managers who set standards and keep a group focused on its goals are said to excel in  task leadership. (True Answer )Correct  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  a democratic management style. Incorrect

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     human factors psychology. Incorrect  social leadership. Incorrect 60 Managers with a social leadership style would be most likely to  ensure that individual employees contribute their fair share to group projects. Incorrect  discourage employees from critically discussing controversial company policies. Incorrect  inform employees of the exact deadlines for the completion of work projects. Incorrect  mediate a personal dispute between two argumentative employees. (True Answer )Correct  provide employees with relatively easy work assignments. Incorrect 61 Women are more likely than men to exhibit the qualities associated with  unit bias. Incorrect  recency errors. Incorrect  transformational leadership. (True Answer )Correct  command - and - control management. Incorrect  human factors psychology. Incorrect 62 The great person theory of leadership suggested that all great leaders  demonstrate a directive style. Incorrect  prefer task leadership. Incorrect  use action plans. Incorrect  share certain traits. (True Answer )Correct  prefer social leadership. Incorrect 63 The same individual may be either considered a great or an inferior coach depending on the strength of the team and its competition. This best illustrates a shortcoming of  a strengths - based selection system. Incorrect  360 - degree feedback. In correct  a biopsychosocial approach. Incorrect  the great person theory of leadership. (True Answer )Correct  organizational psychology. Incorrect

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    64 By transforming a command - and - control work management process to a joint - vision process, companies are likely to foster  unit bias. Incorrect  leniency errors. Incorrect  employee engagement. ( True Answer )Correct  a strengths - based selection system. Incorrect  flow. Incorrect 65 A blend of goal - based vision, clear co mmunication, and optimism that inspires others to follow is most characteristic of leaders who demonstrate  charisma. (True Answer )Correct  unit bias. Incorrect  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  command - and - control management. Incorrect  task leadership. Incorrect 66 Motivating workers to identify with and commit themselves to a group mission best illustrates  a strengths - based selection system. Incorrect  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  a directive management style. Incorrect  transformational lead ership. (True Answer )Correct  human factors psychology. Incorrect 67 Clearly communicating a vision of goal s so as to inspire others to follow is most indicative of  strengths - based selection systems. Incorrect  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  a directive management style. Incorrect  transformational leadership. (True Answer )Correct  flow experiences. Incorrect 68 Employee engagement is most likely to be facilitated by  transformational leadership. (True Answer )Correct  unstructured interviews. Incorrect  halo errors. Incorrect  human factors psychology. Incorrect  task management. Incorrec t

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    69 Effective managers often demonstrate ________ levels of task leadership and ________ levels of social leadership.  consistent; low Incorrect  low; consistent Incorrect  low; low Incorrect  high; high (True Answer )Correct  consistent; consistent Incorrect 70 If given a chance to express their own opinions during a decision - making process, people will respond more positively to the decision. This illustrates  unit bias. Incorrect  a voice effect. (True Answer )Correct  360 - degree feedback. Incorrect  a strengths - based selection system. Incorrect  flow. Incorrect 71 Human factors psychologists would be m ost likely to aid in the design of  computer keyboards. (True Answer )Correct  weight - reduction programs. Incorrect  protective clothing. Incorrect  classroom management techniques. Incorrect  employee evaluation tests. Incorrect 72 Psychologists who help design machines so that they make use of our natural perceptions are called  personnel psychologists. Incorrect  organizational psychologists. Incorrect  human factors psychologists. (True Answer )Correct  psychophysicists. Incorrect  industrial psychologists. Incorrect 73 Who would be most involved in designin g user - friendly programming controls for TVs and DVD and Blu - Ray players?  organizational psychologists Incorrect  human factors psychologists (True Answer )Correct  social psychologists Incorrect  parapsychologists Incorrect

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     psychophysicists. Incorrect 74 Designing aircraft instrument displays so as to minimize pilots' misperception of flight data would be of most direct interest to  parapsychologists. Incorrect  personnel psychologists. Incorrect  social psychologists. Incorrect  human factors psychologists. (True Answer ) Correct  organizational psychologists. Incorrect 75 Describe how a company might initiate annual reviews of employee performance without discouraging worker satisfaction and engagement.  Students should explain that annual reviews of employee performance should reinforce to employees that they ―matter‖ in their job and at the same time accurately assess their performance. Studies indicate that job satisfaction increases as job performance increases. If the annual performance review accurately reflects an improvement in job performance, the review may help increase worker satisfaction and engagement. 76 Describe the contrasting effects of task leadership and social leadership on employee morale and productivity. Explain how the effectiveness of each style of leadership may be affected by the pers onality traits and cultural background of the employees.  Students should include definitions of task leadership and social leadership somewhere in their answers. Task leadership is a management style involving setting standards, organizing work , and focusing attention on goals and may have either beneficial or detrimental effects on employee morale and productivity. Social leadership is a management style involving sharing the rationale behind decisions, mediating conflicts, and emphasizing team - building. Students should also explain that the effectiveness of each style of leadership depends on factors unique to employees, such as personality traits and cultural background. There is no one best style of management for all employees (no ―great per son theory of leadership‖). 77 Using emotional, behavioral, or cognitive methods to alleviate stress is known as  biofeedback. Incorrect  the fight - or - flight reaction. Incorrect

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     complementary medicine. Incorrect  coping. ( True Answer )Correct  perceived control. Incorrect 78 Reducing stress directly by changing t he way we interact with a stressor best illustrates  a Type A personality. Incorrect  a Type B personality. Incorrect  emotion - focused coping. Incorrect  problem - focused coping. (True Answer )Correct  meditation. Incorrect 79 Trying to reduce stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor is most characteristic of  emotion - focused coping. (True Answer )Correct  the fight - or - flight reaction. Incorrect  problem - focused coping. Incorrect  the relaxation response. I ncorrect  optimism. Incorrect 80 To alleviate the stress of losing her job, Alicia enrolled in a work retraining program that led to full - time employment. Alicia's behavior best illustrates  learned helplessness. Incorrect  a fight - or - flight reaction. Incorrect  problem - focused coping. (True Answer )Correct  a Type A profile. Incorrect  biofeedback. Incorrect 81 To alleviate the stress he feels after failing the AP Psychology Exam, Jeremy seeks social support from his friends and family. Jeremy's behavior best illustrates  a Type A personality. Incorrect  a Type B personality. Incorrect  problem - fo cused coping. Incorrect  emotion - focused coping. (True Answer )Correct  biofeedback. Incorrect 82 Vanessa alleviated some of the stress associated with the death of her husband by becoming more actively engaged in her work. Her response best illustrates

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     a fight - or - flight reaction. Incorrect  perceived external control. Incorrect  emoti on - focused coping. (True Answer )Correct  a Type B personality. Incorrect  perceived internal control. Incorrect 83 Addressing stressors with problem - focu sed coping would be most characteristic of those with  learned helplessness. Incorrect  personal control. (True Answer )Correct  a pessimistic outlook. Incorrect  a fight - or - flight reaction. Incorrect  secure attachments. Incorrect 84 To alleviate the stress of long work h ours, Phara has arranged a more convenient work schedule with her employer. Phara's behavior best illustrates  spontaneous remission. Incorrect  a Type B personality. Incorrect  problem - focused coping. (True Answer )Correct  a Type A pe rsonality. Incorrect  emotion - focused coping. Incorrect 85 Hakim has terminal cancer. He reacts to the stress of his condition by feeling grateful for his life and accepting his oncoming death. His response best illustrates  optimism. Incorrect  emotion - focused coping. (True Answer )Correct  a Type A personality. Incorrect  biofeedback. Incorrect  a Type B personality. Incorrect 86 When ―executive‖ and ―subordinate‖ rat s received simultaneous electric shocks, the ________ rat was subsequently more likely to develop ________.  ―subordinate‖; ulcers (True Answer )Correct  ―executive‖; heart disease Incorrect  ―executive‖; hypertension Incorrect  ―subordinate‖; immunity to disease Incorrect  ―executive‖; cancer Incorrect

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    87 Research has indicated that rats becom e more vulnerable to ulcers when exposed to ________ shock.  predictable Incorrect  uncontrollable (True Answer )Correct  low - intensity Incorrect  repeated Incorrect  continuous. Incorrect 88 Primates at the top of the social pecking order are LESS likely to contract coldlike viral infections than those with lower social status. This best illustrates the value of  optimism. Incorrect  emotion - focused coping. Incorrect  the fight - or - flight response. Incorrect  perceived control. (True Answer )Correc t  complementary medicine. Incorrect 89 After being crowded into a small dormi tory room with two other roommates, 18 - year - old Ferdinand feels he has little control over his environment. His body is most likely to respond with a(n)  reduction of blood cholesterol level. Incorrect  proliferation of lymphocytes. Incorrect  decrease in blood - clotting speed. Incorrect  outpouring of epinephrine. (True Answer )Correct  activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. Incorrect 90 Captive animals are more vulnerable to disease than are wild animals. This is best explained in terms of  problem - focused coping. Incorrect  biofeedback. Incorrect  emotion - f ocused coping. Incorrect  perceived loss of control. (True Answer )Correct  social support. Incorrect 91 Elderly nursing home residents tend to decline faster and die sooner than they would otherwise if they lack  biofeedback. Incorrect  alternative medicine. Incorrect  perceived control. (True Answer )Correct

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     Type A personalities. Incor rect  Type B personalities. Incorrect 92 British civil service workers in executive positions live longer than those in clerical positions. This best illustrates the value of  spontaneous remission. Incorrect  perceived control. (True Answer )Correct  the general adaptation syndrome. Incorrect  emotion - focused coping. Incorrect  optimism. Incorrect 93 A loss of perceived control tends to result in  low blood pressure. Incorrect  reduced immune responses. (True Answer )Correct  problem - focused coping. Incorrect  low blood sugar levels. Incorrect  type - A responses. Incorrect 94 Animal studies demonstrate that stressful situations involving a loss of control lead to  an outpouring of stress hormones. (True Answer )Correct  a dramatic decrease in blood pressure. Incorrect  increasing immune system response. Incorre ct  lower testosterone levels. Incorrect  a drop in endorphin responses. Incorrect 95 Alex experiences little stress because he expects things to work out the way he wants them to. This best illustrates the value of  a Type A personality. Incorrect  spontaneous remission. Incorrect  optimism. (True Answer )Correct  a Type B personality. Incorrect  problem - focused coping. Incorrect 96 Students who reported fewer coughs, aches, and pains near the end of the semester were those who had previously been identified as having a(n)  optimistic outlook. (True Answer )Correct  Type A personality. Incorrect

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     emotion - focused coping . Incorrect  Type B personality. Incorrect  problem - based coping. Incorrect 97 During the first few weeks of law school, students were observed to have stronger immune systems if they  used emotion - focused coping. Incorrect  were optimistic. (True Answer )Correct  had high blood sugar levels. Incorrect  utilized complementary and alternative medicine. Incorrect  used energy therapies. Incorrect 98 Optimists are more likely than pessimi sts to experience  high blood sugar levels. Incorrect  problem - based coping. Incorrect  perceived control. (True Answer )Correct  biofeedback. Incorrect  emotion - focused coping. Incorrect 99 Amanda is stressed out because she thi nks she's too socially inept to make friends with her new classmates. Amanda best illustrates the debilitating effects of  spontaneous remission. Incorrect  a Type A personality. Incorrect  problem - focused coping. Incorrect  pessimism. (True Answer )Correct  a Type B personality Incorrect 100 Research participants who received nasal drops laden with a cold virus were LEAST likely to catch a cold if they had  positive social ties. (True Answer )Correct  Type A personalities. Incorrect  Type B personalities. Incorrect  CAM. Incorrect  biofeedback. Incorrect 101 Which of the following is most likely to foster stronger immune functioning?  energy therapies Incorrect

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     social support (True Answer )Correct  a Type A personality Incorrect  the fight - or - flight response Incorrect  a Type B personality Incorrect 102 Social support helps to promote cardio vascular health by  lowering blood pressure. (True Answer )Correct  inhibiting immune activity. Incorrect  enhancing positive biofeedback. Incorrect  redistributing bloodflow from internal organs to skeletal muscles. Incorrect  enga ging spontaneous remission. Incorrect 103 Undergraduate women who had been sexually abused as children were especially likely to report health problems if they had  grown up in a religious family. Incorrect  kept the abuse a secret. (True Answer )Correct  been victimized before age 5. Incorrect  been victimized by a stranger rather than by a close relative. Incorrect  experienced a dissociative identit y disorder. Incorrect 104 People have been found to suffer fewer health problems following the death of their spouse if they  stay busy and avoid thinking about their loss. Incorrect  communicate their painful feelings of loss to close friends. (True Answer )Correct  spend time thinking about all the experiences they shared with their loved one. Incorrect  quickly make plans for developing a new romantic relationship. Incorrect  expel anger and frustration through cathartic expression. Incorrect 105 AIDS patients have been found to exper ience reduced levels of depression if they have  biofeedback. Incorrect  a Type A personality. Incorrect  a dog or other pet companion. (True Answer )Correct

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     high blood sugar levels. Incorrect  a Type B personality. Incorrect 106 After stockbrokers who lived alone had adopted a pet cat or dog, they were able to face stress with less ________ than their counterparts without pets.  blood pressure increase (True Answer )Correct  emotion - focused coping Incorrect  produc tion of lymphocytes Incorrect  problem - focused coping Incorrect  immune system activation Incorrect 107 Activities such as jogging or swimming are forms of  stress appraisal. Incorrect  relaxation. Incorrect  aerobic exercise. (True Answer )Correct  biofeedback. Incorrect  energy therapies. Incorrect 108 Aerobic exercise has been most closely linked to a decrease in  lymphocyte production. Incorrect  depression. (True Answer )Correct  problem - focused coping. Incorrect  the production of endorphins. Incorrect  Type A personality traits. Incorrect 109 Mildly depressed female college students assigned to a program of ________ reported a greater decrease in depression than those assigned to a program of ________.  problem - focused coping; emotion - focused coping Incorrect  biofeedback; meditatio n Incorrect  aerobic exercise; relaxation exercises (True Answer )Correct  acupuncture; cognitive therapy Incorrect  energy therapy; mind - body interventions Incorrect 110 Aerobic exercise is associated with  increased levels of serotonin and stable levels of the endorphins. Incorrect

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     decreased levels of serotonin and increased levels of the endorphins. Incorrect  increased levels of serotonin and increased levels of the endorphins. (True Answer )Correct  decreased levels of serotonin and stable levels of the endorphins. Incorrect  stable levels of serotonin and increased levels of the endorphins. Incorrect 111 Aerobic exercise is an effective way to  reduce problem - focused coping. Incorrect  reduce lymphocyte production. Incorrect  reduce serotonin activity in the brain. Incorrect  lower the blood pressure reaction to stress. (True Answer )Correct  decrease the immune system response. Incorrect 112 The growth of new neurons in mice has been found to be promoted by  acupuncture. Incorrect  biofeedback. Incorrect  aerobic exercise. (True Answer )Correct  the placebo effect. Incorrect  energy therapies. Incorrect 113 A system for electronically recording and amplifying information about physiological states, and then communicating that information back to a user is called  biofeedback. (True Answer )Correct  mind - body interventions. Incorrect  energy therapy. Incorrect  problem - focused coping. Incorrect  humanistic therapy. Incorrect 114 Aviad, a 50 - year - old banking executive and Type A personality, recently suffered a serious heart attack. To prevent a recurrence, Aviad would probably benefit most from  acupuncture therapies. Incorrect  early retirement. Incorrect  relaxation training. (True Answer )Correct

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     pain control medication. Incorrect  energy therapy. Incorrect 115 The relaxation response associated with meditation is most likely to  decrease oxygen consumption and decrease blood pressure. (True Answer )Correct  increase glucose consumption and increase blood pressure. Incorrect  increase oxygen consumption and decrease pulse rate. Incorrect  decrease oxygen consumption and increase blood pressure. Incorrect  increase glucose consumption and increase pulse rate. Incorrect 116 In a study of Type A heart attack survivors, Friedman and his colleagues found that the most effective technique for preventing recurrent heart attacks was  acupressure therapies. Incorrect  pain control medication. Incorrect  relaxation training. (True Answer )Correct  biofeedback. Incorrect  body - based methods. Incorrect 117 During meditative relaxation, a part o f the ________ lobe that tracks where we are in space is ________ active than usual.  frontal; less Incorrect  parietal; less (True Answer )Correct  occipital; more Incorrect  parietal; more Incorrect  temporal; less Incorrect 118 Volunteers who participated in an eight - week course of meditation training exhibited increased levels of the ______ activity associated with positive emotions.  left hemisphere (True Answer )Correct  right hemisphere Incorrect  somatic nervous system Incorrect  autonomic nervous system Incorrect  brainstem Incorrect

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    119 A diminished sense of self, space, and time is most likely to be associated with  spontaneous remission. Incorrect  aerobic exercise. Incorrect  meditative relaxation. (True Answer )Correct  emotion - focused coping. Incorrect  problem - focused coping. Incorrect 120 During meditative relaxation, a part o f the ________ lobe involved in focused attention is ________ active than usual.  temporal; less Incorrect  parietal; less Incorrect  frontal; more (True Answer )Correct  parietal; more Incorrect  occipital; less Incorrect 121 Homeopathy and herbal remedies are forms of  CAM. (True Answer )Correct  emotion - focused coping. Incorrect  biofeedback. Incorrect  spontaneous remission. Incorrect  problem - focused coping. Incorrect 122 Which form of treatment has claimed to correct imbalances of energy flow at identifiable points close to the skin?  biofeedback Incorrect  aromatherapy Incorrect  acupuncture (True Answer )Correct  herbal medicine Incorrect  CAM Incorrect 123 One study of migraine headache patient s found that the majority of those who received ―sham acupuncture‖ enjoyed relief. The patients' pain relief is most likely attributable to  a decrease in lymphocyte production. Incorrect  an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Incorrec t  problem - focused coping. Incorrect  the placebo effect. (True Answer )Correct  emotion - focused coping. Incorrect

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    124 Whether a health care treatment is mainstream medicine or an alternative medicine depends on whether the treatment has been  frequently used and is currently popular. Incorrect  administered by a licensed MD. Incorrect  scientifically valid ated as effective. (True Answer )Correct  used for diseases that are curable. Incorrect  developed in an advanced, industrialized nation. Incorrect 125 People are most likely to inflate their assessments of the value of alternative medicine for the treatment of  coronary heart disease. Incorrect  lung cancer. Incorrect  arthritis. (True Answer )Correct  Parkinson's disease. Incorrect  schizophrenia. Incorrect 126 The correlation between religious involvement and life expectancy best illustrates the health value of  the Type B personality. Incorrect  biofeedback. Incorrect  the Type A personality. Incorrect  the faith factor. (True Answer )Corre ct  emotion - focused coping. Incorrect 127 Israelis living in nonreligious collective settlements were observed to have ________ than those living in religiously orthodox collective settlements.  higher rates of death (True Answer )Correct  better emotion - focused coping skills Incorrect  higher lympho cyte levels Incorrect  better problem - focused coping skills Incorrect  higher rates of Type B personalities Incorrect 128 A U.S. National Health Interview Surve y found that those who attend religious services regularly were more likely than nonattenders to experience  infectious diseases. Incorrect  a longer life span. (True Answer )Correct  mind - body interventions. Incorrect

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     biofeedback. Incorrect  CAM. Incorrect 129 Religiously active people have _______ socially supportive relationships and ________ life - styles than those who are not religiously active.  fewer; equally healthy Incorrect  fewer; healthier Incorrect  more; less healthy Incorrect  more; healthier (True Answer )Correct  more; equally healthy Incorrect 130 The correlation between religiosity and longevity has been observed to be  nonexistent when only men are considered. Incorrect  nonexistent when only women are considered. Incorrect  stronger when only men are considered than when only women are considered. Incorrect  stronger when only women are considered than when only men are considered. (True Answer )Correct  negative when religiousity is measured objectively. Incorrect 131 A U.S. National Health Interview Surve y found that after controlling for age, sex, race, and region, the longest life expectancies were associated with those who attended religious services  only very early in life. Incorrect  less than once a year. Incorrect  less than once a week. Incorrect  once a week. Incorrect  more than once a week. (True Answer )Correct 132 It has been suggested that a coherent worldview may contribute to the stress protection associated with  the type A personality. Incorrect  the fight - or - flight response. Incorrect  the faith factor. (True Answer )Correct  biofeedback. Incorrect  the Type B personality. Incorrect

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