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Public and Private Families: An Introduction 7th Edition Test Bank

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    1 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. The general trend of Americans' attitudes toward the unmarried has been from an attitude of __________ to an attitude of __________. A. non - acceptance; acceptance B. neutrality; non - acceptance C. non - acceptance; neutrality D. neutrality; tolerance 2. In the United States there appears to have been a broad cultural shift in the values Americans hold most dear. The general trend has been from an emphasis on ________ to _________. A. personal relationships; obligations B. parenting; employee relationships C. personal growth; service to others D. parenting; self - fulfillment 3. ______________ individualism can best be described as a style of life that emphasizes the development of ones own feelings and emotional satisfaction. A. individual B. utilitarian C. expressive D. emotional 4. The best term to describe the attitude of many Americans toward marriage and family in the 2000s is A. reluctance. B. ambivalence. C. intolerance. D. confusion.

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    5. The ___________ can be described as the tendency to obtain public goods by allowing others to do the work of providing them. A. boundary problem B. externality problem C. utilitarian problem D. free rider problem 6. The primary family unit in Western nations is A. the nuclear family living in the vicinity of extended kin. B. the small, household - based single parent living with his or her children. C. the small, household - based family of parents and children. D. the small, household - based family of two adults. 7. In 2004, the state of _______________ became the first state to legalize same - sex marriage, joining the countries of Canada, Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands. A. New York B. Massachusetts C. Vermont D. California 8. If you were concerned with the way families discipline their children, handle their disagreements, or share their affection, you would be focusing on the A. public family. B. sexually based primary relationship. C. external family. D. private family. 9. An adult child who takes care of elderly parents — shopping and cooking for them, taking them to doctors, and so on — is producing a ___________. A. negative externality. B. private good. C. public good. D. mediocre externality.

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    10. Of the following, which group would not fit the definition of a public family? A. A gay man caring for a partner with AIDS B. A childless married couple with no dependents C. A lesbian couple jointly raising a child born to one of them D. A divorced mother and her children 11. Sociologists generally do not use experiments to prove or disprove relationships between two factors since ______ is seldom possible. A. hypothesizing B. data collection C. observation D. randomization 12. A social institution emphasizes A. the history of the family as a social institution. B. people's personalities and their interactions with other family members. C. the rules, roles, and relationships in families. D. economic influences on the family. 13. Those most likely to view marriage as a socially constructed institution organized to maintain male dominance most likely subscribe to the principles of A. feminist theory. B. conflict theory. C. postmodern perspective. D. exchange theory. 14. If you want to determine how a family is adjusting to the daily expectations and changes of remarried life with children, the most effective sociological theory to employ would be A. post modern perspective B. conflict. C. symbolic interaction. D. feminism.

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    15. To conduct ___________ studies, researchers may join the group they are interested in and live with them for a period of time. A. survey questionnaire B. experimental C. random sample D. observational 16. While the public family is about __________, the private family is about __________. A. caretaking and dependency/nurturing and intimacy B. outsiders/insiders C. government interference/husband and wife family unit D. image and the media/the day - to - day living of family life 17. From a(n) _______ perspective, people are viewed as rational beings who decide whether to exchange goods or services by considering the benefits they will receive, the costs they will incur, and the benefits they might receive if they chose an alternative course of action. A. exchange perspective B. functionalist perspective C. symbolic interactionist perspective D. postmodern perspective 18. According to the __________ perspective personal identity and choices become more important and more often reflected upon. A. symbolic interactionist B. postmodern C. reflexivity D. functionalist perspective 19. Most people have used the __________ perspective in thinking about families throughout most of history. A. optimist B. functionalist C. private D. public

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    20. A gay person caring for an HIV - positive partner is fulfilling a function of the ________. A. private family B. alternative family C. public family D. diversity defenders 21. Gender, the characteristics distinguishing men and women from each other, is thought to originate from __________ defined roles, according to feminist theorists. A. biologically B. culturally C. scientifically D. naturally 22. Today, most Americans view the family as a(n) _________ institution. A. private B. traditional C. public D. economic 23. A state in which family members are unsure of who is and who is not in the family is referred to as A. assigned kinship B. created kinship C. boundary ambiguity D. a public family

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    24. Matching Quiz 1. systematic, organized series of steps toward studying family and other issues to ensure as much objectivity and consistency as possible; theory that has been useful in studying families gender ____ 2. benefits or costs that accrue to others when an individual or business produces something George H. Mead ____ 3. one adult or two adults related by marriage, partnership, or share parenthood who take care of dependents, and the dependents themselves family as a social institution ____ 4. perspective that focuses on personal identity and choice public family ____ 5. set of roles and rules that defines the family children ____ 6. one of the notable public goods produced by families postmodern perspective ____ 7. social and cultural characteristics that distinguish women and men in a society public goods ____ 8. major figure in symbolic interaction theory externalities ____ 9. two or more individuals who maintain an intimate relationship that they expect will last indefinitely (with children, until the children reach adulthood), live in the same household, and pool their income and household labor private family ____ 10. things that may be enjoyed by people who do not produce them scientific method ____ 25. Most Americans still want to marry but have less of a need to do so in the 2000s. True False 26. Many Americans agree with both traditional and modern beliefs about family life. True False 27. One disadvantage of survey research on family is the limited information that can be gathered. True False 28. Reflexivity is the process where individuals take in knowledge, look carefully at it, and alter their behavior as a result of it True False

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    29. There are strong similarities between American families and families in other Western nations. True False 30. Research evidence demonstrates that our biological makeup creates predispositions toward some behaviors and away from others, especially with respect to gender behaviors. True False 31. According to the postmodern perspective, the late modern era is characterized by constrained choices and lives similar to those of our grandparents. True False 32. How does the traditional view of family differ from that of the modernist viewpoint? Specifically, what does each view say about family change, what is a limitation of each view, and what would each view suggest as a solution to current family issues? 33. Postmodern perspective advocates and feminist perspective advocates would argue that no social scientist can conduct completely objective research. Why is this so? 34. Explain how some positive externalities involve the production of what are called public goods.

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    35. Why is the definition of family important in social, legal, and economic terms? 36. Using knowledge gained from reading Cherlin, list the costs and benefits for a woman, a man, and a one - year - old child in a family where both adults work full time outside the home. In making such a list, what theoretical perspective in sociology would you be using? 37. Name the major methods that sociologists use to study families. Describe ONE of these methods. 38. How does created kinship differ from assigned kinship? Give a concrete, realistic example of each.

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    39. How are children a "public good" in the economic use of the phrase? 40. How would a survey of 10 parents in your neighborhood differ from a random survey of parents all over the United States? 41. What are the disadvantages of using surveys to collect data on U.S. families? 42. On average, which person in an exchange is able to receive greater benefits and incur fewer costs?

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    43. Explain the current social security system in this country in terms of the free rider problem. 44. Name and briefly explain three of the classical social theories relating to the study of the family. 45. How do attractive and acceptable alternatives to marriage, such as lifelong singlehood or cohabitation, change the importance of marriage within our culture? 46. Explain the connection between American individualism and the increasing tolerance of progressive views of marriage and the family.

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    47. Choose one of the following topics and outline the steps needed to analyze this topic scientifically: Age at first marriage and chance of divorce Teenage drinking and driving Effects of divorce on children's achievement in school Link between child abuse and violent adult behavior Effect of family structure on childhood achievement Religion and duration of marriage Class and age at first marriage Educational level and income

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    1 Key 1. (p. 6) The general trend of Americans' attitudes toward the unmarried has been from an attitude of __________ to an attitude of __________. A. non - acceptance; acceptance B. neutrality; non - acceptance C. non - acceptance; neutrality D. neutrality; tolerance Cherlin - Chapter 01 #1 2. (p. 34) In the United States there appears to have been a broad cultural shift in the values Americans hold most dear. The general trend has been from an emphasis on ________ to _________. A. personal relationships; obligations B. parenting; employee relationships C. personal growth; service to others D. parenting; self - fulfillment Cherlin - Chapter 01 #2 3. (p. 7) ______________ individualism can best be described as a style of life that emphasizes the development of ones own feelings and emotional satisfaction. A. individual B. utilitarian C. expressive D. emotional Cherlin - Chapter 01 #3 4. (p. 9) The best term to describe the attitude of many Americans toward marriage and family in the 2000s is A. reluctance. B. ambivalence. C. intolerance. D. confusion. Cherlin - Chapter 01 #4

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    5. (p. 12) The ___________ can be described as the tendency to obtain public goods by allowing others to do the work of providing them. A. boundary problem B. externality problem C. utilitarian problem D. free rider problem Cherlin - Chapter 01 #5 6. (p. 17) The primary family unit in Western nations is A. the nuclear family living in the vicinity of extended kin. B. the small, household - based single parent living with his or her children. C. the small, household - based family of parents and children. D. the small, household - based family of two adults. Cherlin - Chapter 01 #6 7. (p. 5) In 2004, the state of _______________ became the first state to legalize same - sex marriage, joining the countries of Canada, Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands. A. New York B. Massachusetts C. Vermont D. California Cherlin - Chapter 01 #7 8. (p. 13) If you were concerned with the way families discipline their children, handle their disagreements, or share their affection, you would be focusing on the A. public family. B. sexually based primary relationship. C. external family. D. private family. Cherlin - Chapter 01 #8

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    9. (p. 10) An adult child who takes care of elderly parents — shopping and cooking for them, taking them to doctors, and so on — is producing a ___________. A. negative externality. B. private good. C. public good. D. mediocre externality. Cherlin - Chapter 01 #9 10. (p. 12) Of the following, which group would not fit the definition of a public family? A. A gay man caring for a partner with AIDS B. A childless married couple with no dependents C. A lesbian couple jointly raising a child born to one of them D. A divorced mother and her children Cherlin - Chapter 01 #10 11. (p. 19) Sociologists generally do not use experiments to prove or disprove relationships between two factors since ______ is seldom possible. A. hypothesizing B. data collection C. observation D. randomization Cherlin - Chapter 01 #11 12. (p. 33) A social institution emphasizes A. the history of the family as a social institution. B. people's personalities and their interactions with other family members. C. the rules, roles, and relationships in families. D. economic influences on the family. Cherlin - Chapter 01 #12

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    13. (p. 26) Those most likely to view marriage as a socially constructed institution organized to maintain male dominance most likely subscribe to the principles of A. feminist theory. B. conflict theory. C. postmodern perspective. D. exchange theory. Cherlin - Chapter 01 #13 14. (p. 23 - 24) If you want to determine how a family is adjusting to the daily expectations and changes of remarried life with children, the most effective sociological theory to employ would be A. post modern perspective B. conflict. C. symbolic interaction. D. feminism. Cherlin - Chapter 01 #14 15. (p. 20) To conduct ___________ studies, researchers may join the group they are interested in and live with them for a period of time. A. survey questionnaire B. experimental C. random sample D. observational Cherlin - Chapter 01 #15 16. (p. 16) While the public family is about __________, the private family is about __________. A. caretaking and dependency/nurturing and intimacy B. outsiders/insiders C. government interference/husband and wife family unit D. image and the media/the day - to - day living of family life Cherlin - Chapter 01 #16

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