Solution Manual for Essentials of Sociology A Down-To-Earth Approach, 13th Edition

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Test BankForEssentials of SociologyThirteenth EditionJames M. HenslinPrepared byJoyce D. Meyer, JCSW,former instructor of sociology, Social Sciencesand Human Services Department, Parkland College, Champaign, Illinois

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iiiCONTENTSChapter 1The Sociological Perspective1Chapter 2Culture19Chapter 3Socialization38Chapter 4Social Structure and Social Interaction56Chapter 5Social Groups and Formal Organizations74Chapter 6Deviance and Social Control93Chapter 7Global Stratification112Chapter 8Social Class in the United States130Chapter 9Race and Ethnicity149Chapter 10Gender and Age168Chapter 11Politics and the Economy186Chapter 12Marriage and Family204Chapter 13Education and Religion223Chapter 14Population and Urbanization242Chapter 15Social Change and the Environment261

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1Chapter 1: The Sociological PerspectiveMultiple-Choice QuestionsTB_Q1.1.1The __________ perspective emphasizes the social contexts in which people live.a. societalb. sociologicalc. natural sciencesd. ethnocentricAnswer: b. sociologicalLearning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain why both history and biography are essentialfor the sociological perspective.Topic/Concept: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.2.2__________ is the study of society and human behavior.a. Positivismb. Sciencec. Psychologyd. SociologyAnswer: d. SociologyLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.2.3__________ is credited as being the founder of sociology.a. Auguste Comteb. W. E. B. Du Boisc. Karl Marxd. Jane AddamsAnswer: a. Auguste ComteLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts

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2TB_Q1.2.4Ben is a sociologist applying the scientific method to the social world. Even thoughhis methods are more modern, as a sociologist he knows that studying the socialworld in this way originated with __________.a. Auguste Rodinb. Auguste Comtec. Emile Weberd. Emile DurkheimAnswer: b. Auguste ComteLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You KnowTB_Q1.2.5The __________ uses objective, systematic observations to test theories.a. naturalistic methodb. commonsense methodc. scientific methodd. research-free techniqueAnswer: c. scientific methodLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.2.6Karl Marx believed that __________ was the most relevant factor in history.a. democracyb. communismc. reconciliationd. class conflictAnswer: d. class conflictLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts

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3TB_Q1.2.7Durkheim’s concept of __________ refers to how much people are tied to theirsocial groups.a. social integrationb. revolutionc. conflict theoryd. religionAnswer: a. social integrationLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.2.8As Durkheim was able to do when he studied suicide, sociologists can __________.a. prove prior research has been inaccurateb. predict what is likely to happen based on their researchc. insist on a tenured professorshipd. question authorityAnswer: b. predict what is likely to happen based on their researchLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.2.9According to Max Weber, the key factor in society is __________.a. economicsb. politicsc. religiond. traditionAnswer: c. religionLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.3.10When did sociology first take root in the United States?

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4a. the middle of the eighteenth centuryb. the late nineteenth centuryc. the middle of the twentieth centuryd. the early twenty-first centuryAnswer: b. the late nineteenth centuryLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.3.11Why do womennotfigure more prominently among early sociologists?a. There were no early female sociologists.b. Once sociology became a recognized academic discipline, men in academicpositions decided that women engaged in social reform were not legitimatesociologists.c. In no field has sexism been more evident than in sociology.d. The field of sociology seemed neither rigorous enough nor relevant enough toattract women.Answer: b. Once sociology became a recognized academic discipline, men inacademic positions decided that women engaged in social reform were notlegitimate sociologists.Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.3.12The work of W. E. B. Du Bois, an African American, __________.a. was recognized as an important part of the foundations of sociology from theearliest timesb. has been completely ignored until the presentc. was rejected by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP)d. is recognized as important by contemporary sociologistsAnswer: d. is recognized as important by contemporary sociologistsLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: Difficult

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5Skill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.3.13W. E. B. Du Bois __________.a. was primarily a novelistb. collected and interpreted the work of others rather than making originalcontributionsc. became a revolutionary Marxist and moved to Ghanad. had the good fortune to grow up in an era virtually free of racismAnswer: c. became a revolutionary Marxist and moved to GhanaLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.3.14Early sociologist and social reformer Jane Addams __________.a. fought against the American Civil Liberties Unionb. won the Nobel Peace Prizec. married W. E. B. Du Boisd. never joined the American Sociological SocietyAnswer: b. won the Nobel Peace PrizeLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.3.15Talcott Parsons was influential in __________.a. shifting sociology from reform to theoryb. warning Americans about the power elitec. developing concrete models for social changed. shifting sociology from theory to reformAnswer: a. shifting sociology from reform to theoryLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts

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6TB_Q1.3.16Perhaps ahead of the times, __________ warned of the dangers of the coalescinginterests of the top leaders of business, politics, and the military.a. Talcott Parsonsb. Ernest Burgessc. Jane Addamsd. C. Wright MillsAnswer: d. C. Wright MillsLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.3.17Who is the audience for basic sociology?a. only those who deal with the most intimate policy mattersb. only those who deal with the most intricate policy questionsc. anyone and everyoned. natural scientists as opposed to social scientistsAnswer: c. anyone and everyoneLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.3.18Pure sociologists analyze some aspect of society to __________.a. make changes in the worldb. gain knowledge for its own sakec. solve problems for the betterment of societyd. get grants for their departmentsAnswer: b. gain knowledge for its own sakeLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.3.19__________ harnesses the sociological perspective for the public good.

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7a. Basic sociologyb. Experimental sociologyc. Classical sociologyd. Public sociologyAnswer: d. Public sociologyLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in North America,and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.4.20In __________, symbols are the key to understanding how we look at the world andcommunicate with each other.a. functional analysisb. symbolic interactionismc. conflict theoryd. order theoryAnswer: b. symbolic interactionismLearning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,functional analysis, and conflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.4.21Applying symbolic interactionism, as divorce became more common, divorcebecame __________.a. more stigmatizedb. a symbol of failurec. associated with new beginningsd. a symbol of successAnswer: c. associated with new beginningsLearning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,functional analysis, and conflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know

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8TB_Q1.4.22Charles was studying symbolic interactionism in his sociology class. Charles wassurprised to find that sociologists who take this viewpoint think that having love asthe central reason for people to get married __________.a. prevents spouses from blaming each otherb. actually may cause a weakening of the marriagec. makes divorce all but impossibled. actually may cause a strengthening of the marriageAnswer: b. actually may cause a weakening of the marriageLearning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,functional analysis, and conflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You KnowTB_Q1.4.23Robert Merton would say negative results of people’s actions are __________.a. functionsb. dysfunctionsc. latent functionsd. balancing functionsAnswer: b. dysfunctionsLearning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,functional analysis, and conflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.4.24__________ operates at the microsociological level.a. Symbolic interactionismb. Functional analysisc. Anthropologyd. Conflict theoryAnswer: a. Symbolic interactionismLearning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,functional analysis, and conflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts

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9TB_Q1.4.25In __________, the focus is on the struggle for scarce resources by different groupsin society.a. functional analysisb. classical sociologyc. conflict theoryd. symbolic interactionismAnswer: c. conflict theoryLearning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,functional analysis, and conflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.5.26Common sense __________.a. is never trueb. has always been falsec. may or may not be trued. has finally caught up with sociologyAnswer: c. may or may not be trueLearning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain why common sense can’t replace sociologicalresearch.Topic/Concept: Doing Sociological ResearchDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.6.27What is the first step in the research model?a. reviewing the literatureb. sharing the resultsc. beginning the case studyd. choosing the subject matterAnswer: d. choosing the subject matterLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.Topic/Concept: A Research ModelDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.6.28A(n) __________ predicts a relationship between or among variables.a. research design

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10b. literature reviewc. hypothesisd. aggregateAnswer: c. hypothesisLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.Topic/Concept: A Research ModelDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.6.29Sharon had spent months carrying out her sociological experiments. She hadcollected a ton ofdata. What was Sharon’s next step?a. Analyze the results.b. Generate more hypotheses.c. Select another topic.d. Share the results.Answer: a. Analyze the results.Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.Topic/Concept: A Research ModelDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You KnowTB_Q1.6.30__________ is a precise way to measure a variable.a. Reliabilityb. Validityc. The hypothesisd. An operational definitionAnswer: d. An operational definitionLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.Topic/Concept: A Research ModelDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.7.31Which of the following is a research method?a. ensuring validityb. operationalizing the definitionc. divining an answerd. using unobtrusive measuresAnswer: d. using unobtrusive measures

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11Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.7.32__________ is the extent to which an operational definition measures what it isintended to measure.a. A variableb. Validityc. Hypothesisd. ReliabilityAnswer: b. ValidityLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.7.33Reliability refers to __________.a. consistency of resultsb. secondary analysisc. how close the data we gathered comes to proving what we want to proved. the way in which a researcher measures a variableAnswer: a. consistency of resultsLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.7.34The __________ is made up of people who are in the portion of the populationbeing studied.a. sampleb. control groupc. respondentd. averageAnswer: a. sample

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12Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.7.35When you select a sample for a sociological study, your aim is to get __________.a. everyone in the populationb. your friends to be the samplec. a representative sampled. a different individual to answer each item on the questionnaireAnswer: c. a representative sampleLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.7.36In a __________, everyone in the target population has the same chance of beingincluded in the study.a. stratified random sampleb. random samplec. sample of any sortd. surveyAnswer: b. random sampleLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.7.37__________ are the people who respond to a survey.a. Researchersb. Respondentsc. Interviewersd. PopulationsAnswer: b. RespondentsLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods.

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13Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.7.38Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question?a. Should public officials who accept bribes be jailed?b. In your opinion, should public officials who accept bribes be required to performcommunity service?c. Should public officials who have been convicted for accepting bribes beregistered in a public list in the same manner that sex offenders are registered?d. What do you think should be done to a public official who accepts bribes?Answer: d. What do you think should be done to a public official who acceptsbribes?Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You KnowTB_Q1.7.39To get people to answer in their own words, interviewers often use __________questions.a. structuredb. controlledc. open-endedd. closed-endedAnswer: c. open-endedLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.7.40Survey questions that provide options for answers are considered __________.a. closed-ended questionsb. unstructuredc. open-ended questionsd. unfairAnswer: a. closed-ended questions

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