Test Bank For Essentials of Sociology 12th Edition Test Bank

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—1)Henslin,Essentials of Sociology, 12th Edition, Test BankChapter 1: The Sociological PerspectiveMultiple-Choice QuestionsTB_Q1.1.1The _____ perspective emphasizes the social contexts in which people live.a. societalb. sociologicalc. natural sciencesd. ethnocentricAnswer: b. sociologicalLearning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain why both history and biography are essentialfor the sociological perspective.Topic/Concept: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.1.2A group of people who share a culture and a territory is known as a(n)a. global group.b. extended family group.c. society.d. global village.Answer: c. society.Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain why both history and biography are essentialfor the sociological perspective.Topic/Concept: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.1.3The corners in life that people occupy because of their place in a society arereferred to asa. social location.b. social affiliation.c. social empowerment.d. dominant groups.

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—2)Answer: a. social location.Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain why both history and biography are essentialfor the sociological perspective.Topic/Concept: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.2.4Auguste Comte is credited as being the founder ofa. sociology.b. economics.c. modern science.d. political science.Answer: a. sociologyLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of society, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.2.5Using _____, Comte applied the scientific method to the social world.a. negativismb. positivismc. natural scienced. anthropologyAnswer: b. positivismLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of society, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.2.6The phrase “survival of the fittest” was coined bya. Charles Darwin.b. Herbert Spencer.c. Auguste Comte.

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—3)d. Karl Marx.Answer: b. Herbert Spencer.Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of society, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.2.7Karl Marx believed that the engine of human history isa. democracy.b. communism.c. reconciliation.d. class conflict.Answer: d. class conflict.Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of society, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.2.8The _____, according to Marx, were the exploited workers who did not own themeans of production.a. capitalistsb. communistsc. proletariatd. fascistsAnswer: c. proletariatLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of society, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.2.9Durkheim’s concept of _____ refers to the degree to which people are tied to theirsocial groups.a. social integration

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—4)b. revolutionc. conflict theoryd. religionAnswer: a. social integrationLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of society, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.2.10The _____ examined by sociologists are recurring characteristics or events.a. individual motivationsb. patterns of behaviorc. nonsocial forcesd. rationalesAnswer: b. patterns of behaviorLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of society, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.2.11According to Max Weber, the central force in social change isa. economics.b. politics.c. religion.d. tradition.Answer: c. religion.Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of society, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.3.12Why do women not figure more prominently among early sociologists?

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—5)a. There were no female early sociologists.b. Once sociology became a recognized academic discipline, men designated thewomen—who were activists—as social reformers, not sociologists.c. In no field has sexism been more evident than in sociology.d. The field of sociology seemed neither rigorous enough nor relevant enough toattract women.Answer: b. Once sociology became a recognized academic discipline, mendesignated the women—who were activists—as social reformers, not sociologists.Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in NorthAmerica and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.3.13Early sociologist and social reformer Jane Addamsa. fought against the American Civil Liberties Union.b. won the Nobel Prize for Peace.c. married W. E. B. Du Bois.d. never joined the American Sociological Society.Answer: b. won the Nobel Prize for Peace.Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in NorthAmerica and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.3.14Talcott Parsons was influential ina. shifting sociology from reform to theory.b. warning Americans about the power elite.c. developing concrete models for social change.d. shifting sociology from theory to reform.Answer: a. shifting sociology from reform to theory.Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in NorthAmerica and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—6)Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.3.15With basic sociology, the goal of analyzing some aspect of society is that ofa. making changes.b. gaining knowledge.c. solving problems.d. getting grants.Answer: b. gaining knowledge.Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in NorthAmerica and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.3.16_____ harnesses the sociological perspective for the benefit of the public.a. Basic sociologyb. Experimental sociologyc. Classical sociologyd. Public sociologyAnswer: d. Public sociologyLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the development of sociology in NorthAmerica and explain the tension between objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.4.17In _____, symbols are the key to understanding how we look at the world andcommunicate with one another.a. functional analysisb. symbolic interactionismc. conflict theoryd. order theoryAnswer: b. symbolic interactionism

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—7)Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,functional analysis, and conflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.4.18One of the sociologists who developed symbolic interactionism isa. George Herbert Mead.b. Auguste Comtec. Robert Mertond. Herbert SpencerAnswer: a. George Herbert MeadLearning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,functional analysis, and conflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.4.19In the eyes of _____, society is a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts thatwork together.a. symbolic interactionistsb. conflict theoristsc. functionalistsd. George Herbert MeadAnswer: c. functionalistsLearning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,functional analysis, and conflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.4.20Robert Merton used the term _____ for the harmful consequences of people’sactions.a. function

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—8)b. dysfunctionc. latent functiond. balancing functionAnswer: b. dysfunctionLearning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,functional analysis, and conflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.4.21Who was the founder of conflict theory?a. Robert Mertonb. George Herbert Meadc. Max Weberd. Karl MarxAnswer: d. Karl MarxLearning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,functional analysis, and conflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q.1.6.22In the research model, specifying what it is that you want to learn about a topic isthe stage ofa. defining the problem.b. reviewing the literature.c. sharing the results.d. unobtrusive measures.Answer: a. defining the problemLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.Topic/Concept: A Research ModelDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—9)TB_Q.1.6.23A ________ predicts a relationship between or among variables.a. research designb. literature reviewc. hypothesisd. topicAnswer: c. hypothesisLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.Topic/Concept: A Research ModelDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q.1.6.24Sharon had spent months carrying out her sociological experiments. She hadcollected a ton of data. What was Sharon’s next step?a. Analyze the resultsb. Generate more hypothesesc. Select another topicd. Share the resultsAnswer: a. Analyze the resultsLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.Topic/Concept: A Research ModelDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You KnowTB_Q.1.6.25The eighth and final step of the research model is toa. begin the case study.b. formulate a hypothesis.c. define the problem.d. share the results.Answer: d. share the resultsLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.Topic/Concept: A Research Model

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—10)Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q.1.6.26What you expect to find according to predictions from a theory is known as a(n)a. variable.b. research design.c. hypothesis.d. analysis of documents.Answer: c. hypothesisLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.Topic/Concept: A Research ModelDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q.1.6.27A(n) ________ is a factor thought to be significant for human behavior, whichcan vary (change) from one case to another.a. operational definitionb. variablec. hypothesisd. research methodAnswer: b. variableLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.Topic/Concept: A Research ModelDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q.1.6.28________ is a precise way to measure a variable.a. Reliabilityb. Validityc. The hypothesisd. An operational definitionAnswer: d. An operational definition

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—11)Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.Topic/Concept: A Research ModelDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q.1.6.29________ is the extent to which an operational definition measures what it isintended to measure.a. A variableb. Validityc. Hypothesisd. ReliabilityAnswer: b. ValidityLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.Topic/Concept: A Research ModelDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q.1.6.30Reliability refers toa. the extent to which research produces consistent or dependable results.b. secondary analysis.c. how close the data we gathered comes to proving what we want to prove.d. the way in which a researcher measures a variable.Answer: a. the extent to which research produces consistent or dependable resultsLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.Topic/Concept: A Research ModelDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q.1.7.31A(n) ________ is the collection of data by having people answer a series ofquestions.a. sample

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—12)b. populationc. surveyd. experimentAnswer: c. surveyLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q.1.7.32The ________ is made up of the individuals intended to represent the populationto be studied.a. sampleb. control groupc. respondentd. averageAnswer: a. sampleLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q.1.7.33In a ________, everyone in the target population has the same chance of beingincluded in the study.a. stratified random sampleb. random samplec. sample of any sortd. surveyAnswer: b. random sample

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—13)Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q.1.7.34The ________ is drawn from selected subgroups of a target population.a. questionnaireb. neutral questionc. stratified random sampled. random sampleAnswer: c. stratified random sampleLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q.1.7.35If the questions that you ask the people taking part in your study are not________, you will end up with biased answers.a. easyb. designed to elicit the answers you wantc. neutrald. complicated enoughAnswer: c. neutralLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: Difficult

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—14)Skill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q.1.7.36Li, a sociology undergraduate, was required to participate in a researchstudy being conducted by a graduate student in his department. He didn’t knowthe topic until he got there, and the things the interviewer asked him wereembarrassing. Li chose answers that weren’t quite true—in fact, they weren’t trueat all—in order to save face himself and also to please the interviewer. This isexample ofa. interviewer bias.b. rapport.c. self-administered questionnaires.d. dependent variables.Answer: a. interviewer bias.Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You KnowTB_Q.1.7.37______ is a feeling of trust between researchers and the people they are studying.a. Rapportb. Interviewer biasc. Participant observationd. An unobtrusive measureAnswer: a. RapportLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q.1.7.38

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—15)Questions followed by a list of possible answers that the respondent can select arecalleda. biased questions.b. closed-ended questions.c. stratified questions.d. open-ended questions.Answer: b. closed-ended questionsLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q.1.7.39Open-ended questions are questions that respondentsa. pick from a list.b. turn into closed-ended questions.c. generally don’t answer.d. answer in their own words.Answer: d. answer in their own wordsLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q.1.7.40In secondary analysis, researchers analyze data collected bya. robots.b. their own interviews.c. others.

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—16)d. the subjects themselves.Answer: c. othersLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q.1.7.41Police reports, photographs, and videos are examples of ________ used byresearchers.a. participant observationb. documentsc. generalizabilityd. dependent variablesAnswer: b. documentsLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q.1.7.42The subjects in an experiment who are exposed to the independent variable makeup thea. experimental group.b. population.c. sources of potential bias.d. control group.Answer: a. experimental group.Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—17)analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q.1.7.43In a control group, subjects area. exposed to all variables in the study.b. not exposed to the dependent variable.c. an example of participant observation.d. not exposed to the independent variable.Answer: d. not exposed to the independent variable.Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q.1.7.44The independent variable causes a change in thea. control group.b. dependent variable.c. other independent variables in the study.d. generalizability of the experiment.Answer: b. dependent variable.Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q.1.7.45________ are used to study people who are unaware that they are being studied.

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—18)a. Questionnairesb. Interviewsc. Open-ended questionsd. Unobtrusive measuresAnswer: d. Unobtrusive measuresLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q.1.7.46The best method of sociological research to usea. is surveys.b. depends on the type of question.c. is experiments.d. is document analysis.Answer: b. depends on the type of question.Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q.1.8.47In sociological research, gendera. plays no role.b. excludes female subjects from most contemporary social research.c. is influential.d. always leads to interviewer bias.Answer: c. is influential

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—19)Learning Objective: LO 1.8 Explain how gender is significant in sociologicalresearch. Topic/Concept: Gender in Sociological ResearchDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q.1.9.48Professional handling of confidential sociological field notes entailsa. publishing them only in professional journals.b. burning the notes once the researcher has had time to draw conclusions fromthem.c. publishing them online, so that anyone can read them.d. protecting respondents.Answer: d. protecting respondentsLearning Objective: LO 1.9 Explain why it’s vital for sociologists to protect thepeople they study; discuss the two cases that are presented.Topic/Concept: Ethics in Sociological ResearchDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.10.49_____ is the breaking down of national boundaries because of advances incommunications, trade, and travel.a. Conflict theoryb. Globalizationc. Verstehend. Focusing on the macro levelAnswer: b. GlobalizationLearning Objective: LO 1.10 Explain how research versus reform andglobalization are likely to influence sociology.Topic/Concept: Trends Shaping the Future of SociologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—20)TB_Q1.10.50Capitalism becoming the world’s dominant economic system is known asa. the globalization of capitalism.b. symbolic interactionism.c. increasing isolationism.d. the advance of democracy.Answer: a. the globalization of capitalism.Learning Objective: LO 1.10 Explain how research versus reform andglobalization are likely to influence sociology.Topic/Concept: Trends Shaping the Future of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsEssay QuestionsTB_Q1.3.51:Very broadly, where did Weber believe that capitalism was morelikely to flourish?Feedback: Max Weber believed that religion was the main force in social change.He thought that Roman Catholicism encouraged followers to hold on totraditional ways. He also believed the Protestant belief system encouragedchange. Weber compared the extent of capitalism in Roman Catholic andProtestant countries, and found capitalism more advanced in the latter.Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Trace the origins of society, from tradition to MaxWeber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.4.52: Discuss feminists and conflict theory.Feedback: Marx used conflict theory to examine conflict between capitalists andworkers. Many feminists look at conflict between men and women in the sameway: historical inequalities, contemporary inequalities, global inequalities. Not allfeminists employ conflict theory.Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism,functional analysis, and conflict theory.

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—21)Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.6.53What are the eight steps of the research model?Feedback:The eight steps of the research model (in chronological order) are:1. Select a topic2. Define the problem3. Review the literature4. Formulate a hypothesis5. Choose a research method6. Collect the data7. Analyze the results8. Share the resultsLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Know the eight steps of the research model.Topic/Concept: A Research ModelDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.7.54What are the three ways sociologists measure average, and how do they differ?Feedback:The three ways sociologists measure average are the mean,median, and mode.The mean is calculated by adding up a group of numbers and then dividingby the number of cases that you added.The median is the middle case in an ordered range of cases.The mode is the number of cases that occur most often.Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Know the main elements of the seven researchmethods: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis,analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures; state whysociological research can lead to controversy.Topic/Concept: Research Methods (Designs)Difficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze It

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(1—22)TB_Q1.10.55: Describe the three historical phases of sociology.Feedback: A tension between social reform and social analysis runs throughsociology’s history. First phase: main purpose— to improve society; time—origins until the 1920s. Second phase: main purpose—to develop abstractknowledge; time—from the 1920s until the 1960s. Third phase: main purpose—toseek ways to apply sociological research findings; time—from the 1960s to thepresent.Learning Objective: LO 1.10 Explain how research versus reform andglobalization are likely to influence sociology.Topic/Concept: Trends Shaping the Future of SociologyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze It

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(2—1)Henslin,Essentials of Sociology, 12th Edition, Test BankChapter 2: CultureMultiple-Choice QuestionsTB_Q2.1.1The language, beliefs, values, norms, and behaviors passed from one generationto the next make up a group’sa. identity.b. ethnocentrism.c. culture.d. material culture.Answer: c. culture.Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Explain what culture is, how culture providesorientations to life, and what practicing cultural relativism means.Topic/Concept: What Is Culture?Difficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q2.1.2_____ would be part of material culture.a. Hairstylesb. Languagec. Beliefsd. ValuesAnswer: a. HairstylesLearning Objective: LO 2.1 Explain what culture is, how culture providesorientations to life, and what practicing cultural relativism means.Topic/Concept: What Is Culture?Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q2.1.3Nonmaterial culture refers to a group’sa. art.b. weapons.c. ways of thinking and doing.d. eating utensils.

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(2—2)Answer: c. ways of thinking and doing.Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Explain what culture is, how culture providesorientations to life, and what practicing cultural relativism means.Topic/Concept: What Is Culture?Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q2.1.4One thing that can be said about material culture is thata. it is “natural.”b. it includes gestures.c. it includes a people’s language.d. there is nothing “natural” about it.Answer: d. there is nothing “natural” about it.Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Explain what culture is, how culture providesorientations to life, and what practicing cultural relativism means.Topic/Concept: What Is Culture?Difficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q2.1.5Who is ethnocentric?a. Everyoneb. Westernersc. Easternersd. Older peopleAnswer: a. EveryoneLearning Objective: LO 2.1 Explain what culture is, how culture providesorientations to life, and what practicing cultural relativism means.Topic/Concept: What Is Culture?Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q2.1.6To try to understand a culture on its own terms is calleda. ethnocentrism.b. cultural relativism.c. folklore.d. cultural education.

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(2—3)Answer: b. cultural relativism.Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Explain what culture is, how culture providesorientations to life, and what practicing cultural relativism means.Topic/Concept: What Is Culture?Difficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q2.1.7Which of the following statements about cultural relativism is true?a. It has not been criticized by social scientists.b. Cultural relativism has come under attack because it can lead to acceptance ofpractices like genital cutting and wife beating.c. Sociologists accept all cultures, without judgment.d. Cultural relativism encourages cultural smugness.Answer: b. Cultural relativism has come under attack because it can lead toacceptance of practices like genital cutting and wife beating.Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Explain what culture is, how culture providesorientations to life, and what practicing cultural relativism means.Topic/Concept: What Is Culture?Difficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q2.1.8After a fairly short plane ride from New York City, Irving found himself on adusty road with goats, chickens, and motor scooters, rather than cars. Food,clothing, and carpets were being sold by street vendors, some of whom workedfrom a cloth spread on the ground, in no order that he could recognize. Irving wasexperiencinga. ethnocentrism.b. culture shock.c. a step back into history.d. contact with people who shared none of his values.Answer: b. culture shock.Learning Objective: LO 2.1 Explain what culture is, how culture providesorientations to life, and what practicing cultural relativism means.Topic/Concept: What Is Culture?Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(2—4)TB_Q2.2.9Another term for nonmaterial culture that sociologists use isa. material culture.b. symbolic culture.c. gestural culture.d. culture shock.Answer: b. symbolic culture.Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Know the components of symbolic culture: gestures,language, values, norms, sanctions, folkways, mores, and taboos; alsoexplain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.Topic/Concept: Components of Symbolic CultureDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q2.2.10An advantage of knowing a culture’s gestures isa. they are closely tied to the language.b. that although most gestures are recognized as universal, there are occasionaldifferences between cultures.c. being able to communicate with simplicity.d. that they will enable you to completely understand the culture.Answer: c. being able to communicate with simplicity.Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Know the components of symbolic culture: gestures,language, values, norms, sanctions, folkways, mores, and taboos; alsoexplain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.Topic/Concept: Components of Symbolic CultureDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q2.2.11The main way people communicate is througha. gestures.b. intermarriage.c. language.d. artwork.Answer: c. language.Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Know the components of symbolic culture: gestures,language, values, norms, sanctions, folkways, mores, and taboos; alsoexplain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.Topic/Concept: Components of Symbolic Culture

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(2—5)Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q2.2.12The basis of culture isa. customs.b. heredity.c. language.d. sociology.Answer: c. language.Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Know the components of symbolic culture: gestures,language, values, norms, sanctions, folkways, mores, and taboos; alsoexplain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.Topic/Concept: Components of Symbolic CultureDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q2.2.13The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states thata. languages are universal.b. some languages, such as English, are superior to others.c. perception and language are unrelated.d. language has ways of looking at the world embedded within it.Answer: d. language has ways of looking at the world embedded within it.Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Know the components of symbolic culture: gestures,language, values, norms, sanctions, folkways, mores, and taboos; alsoexplain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.Topic/Concept: Components of Symbolic CultureDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q2.2.14People’s _____ are their ideas of what is desirable in life.a. valuesb. moresc. taboosd. folkwaysAnswer: a: values

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(2—6)Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Know the components of symbolic culture: gestures,language, values, norms, sanctions, folkways, mores, and taboos; alsoexplain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.Topic/Concept: Components of Symbolic CultureDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q2.2.15A term for rules of behavior isa. culture.b. norms.c. moral holidays.d. sanctions.Answer: b. norms.Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Know the components of symbolic culture: gestures,language, values, norms, sanctions, folkways, mores, and taboos; alsoexplain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.Topic/Concept: Components of Symbolic CultureDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q2.2.16When people break norms, they receivea. positive sanctions.b. a day in court.c. negative sanctions.d. hugs and kisses.Answer: c. negative sanctions.Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Know the components of symbolic culture: gestures,language, values, norms, sanctions, folkways, mores, and taboos; alsoexplain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.Topic/Concept: Components of Symbolic CultureDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You KnowTB_Q2.2.17Paul loved to party at Mardi Gras, even if he was not involved in making a floator anything else. The atmosphere on the street was just so different, so easy. Hehad a great time. At such a(n) _____, the rules were loosened.a. culture-free event

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(2—7)b. police-free eventc. free-for-alld. moral holidayAnswer: d. moral holidayLearning Objective: LO 2.2 Know the components of symbolic culture: gestures,language, values, norms, sanctions, folkways, mores, and taboos; alsoexplain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.Topic/Concept: Components of Symbolic CultureDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You KnowTB_Q2.2.18When someone is walking on the right side of the sidewalk, and you are walkingfaster and overtake them to their left, this is _____ in the United States.a. a taboob. a morec. illegald. a folkwayAnswer: d. a folkwayLearning Objective: LO 2.2 Know the components of symbolic culture: gestures,language, values, norms, sanctions, folkways, mores, and taboos; alsoexplain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.Topic/Concept: Components of Symbolic CultureDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You KnowTB_Q2.2.19If you kill another person, you have violated a society’sa. mores.b. incidental values.c. folkways.d. ethnocentrism.Answer: a. mores.Learning Objective: LO 2.2 Know the components of symbolic culture: gestures,language, values, norms, sanctions, folkways, mores, and taboos; alsoexplain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.Topic/Concept: Components of Symbolic CultureDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know

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(Henslin 12e Test Bank)(2—8)TB_Q2.2.20Even just the thought of the violation of a _____ fills us with revulsion.a. taboob. morec. parking regulationd. folkwayAnswer: a. tabooLearning Objective: LO 2.2 Know the components of symbolic culture: gestures,language, values, norms, sanctions, folkways, mores, and taboos; alsoexplain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.Topic/Concept: Components of Symbolic CultureDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q2.3.21A world within the larger world of the dominant culture is aa. superculture.b. subculture.c. counterculture.d. microculture.Answer: b. subculture.Learning Objective: LO 2.3 Distinguish between subcultures and countercultures.Topic/Concept: Many Cultural WorldsDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q2.3.22How many subcultures does U.S. society contain?a. Fiveb. Almost 90c. Hundredsd. ThousandsAnswer: d. ThousandsLearning Objective: LO 2.3 Distinguish between subcultures and countercultures.Topic/Concept: Many Cultural WorldsDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q2.3.23

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