Test Bank for Society: The Basics, 15th Edition

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Test BankForSocietyThe BasicsFifteenth EditionJohn J. Macionis,Kenyon College

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iiiTable of Contents1Sociology: Perspective, Theory, and Method12Culture493Socialization: From Infancy to Old Age924Social Interaction in Everyday Life1235Mass Media and Social Media1536Groups and Organizations1807Sexuality and Society2128Deviance2399Social Stratification26910Global Stratification31411Gender Stratification34312Race and Ethnicity37213Economics and Politics40114Family and Religion44915Education, Health, and Medicine49316Population, Urbanization, and Environment54417Social Change: Modern and Postmodern Societies576

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Macionis,Society: The Basics,15e1Chapter 1: Sociology: Perspective, Theory, and MethodIn this revision of the test bank, I have updated all of the questions to reflect changes inSociety: The Basics,15thedition. The questions are tagged according to four levels oflearning that move from lower-level to higher-level cognitive reasoning. The four levelsare:Remember the Facts: a question involving recall of key terms or factual materialUnderstand the Concepts: a question testing comprehension of more complex ideasApply What You Know: a question applying sociological knowledge to some newsituationAnalyze It: a question requiring identifying elements of an argument and theirinterrelationshipThe182 questionsin this chapter’s test bank are divided into four types.True/Falsequestionsare the least demanding. As the table below shows, two-thirds of these are“Remember the Facts” questions, and all of them fall within the lowest three levels ofcognitive reasoning (“Remember the Facts,” “Understand the Concepts,” and “ApplyWhat You Know”).Multiple-choice questionsspan a broader range of skills (almosthalf are “Remember the Facts” questions and the remainder are divided among the threehigher levels).Short answer questionsalso span a broad range of skills (from“Understand the Concepts” to “Analyze It”). Finally,essay questionsare the mostdemanding because they include the highest levels of cognitive reasoning (“Apply WhatYou Know” and “Analyze It”).Types of QuestionsTrue/FalseMult ChoiceShortAnswerEssayTotal QsRememberthe Facts35 (64%)43 (43%)0078Understandthe Concepts14 (25%)22 (22%)7 (41%)043Apply WhatYou Know6 (11%)14 (14%)2 (12%)2 (20%)24Analyze It021 (21%)8 (47%)8 (80%)37551001710182

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Macionis,Society: The Basics,15e2Chapter 1: Sociology: Perspective, Theory, and MethodTRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS1. Most people in the United States marry partners who differ from themselves in termsof race and ethnicity.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts2.According to sociologists, human behavior reflects our personal “free will.”Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts3. Sociology is defined as the systematic study of human society.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts4. Sociologists focus only on unusual patterns of behavior.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts5. Using the sociological perspective, we would conclude that people’s lives are mostly aresult of what they decide to do.Answer: False

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Macionis,Society: The Basics,15e3Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know6. College students in the U.S. tend to come from families with above-average incomes.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts7. Durkheim documented that categories of people with weaker social ties have lowersuicide rates.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts8. In the United States, African Americans have a higher suicide rate than whites.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts9. In the United States, men have a higher suicide rate than women.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts10. In the United States, white people have a lower suicide rate than Hispanics.Answer: False

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Macionis,Society: The Basics,15e4Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts11. People with lower social standing are usually more likely to see the world from asociological perspective than people who are well off.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know12. U.S. sociologist C. Wright Mills argued that times of social crisis foster widespreadsociological thinking.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts13. C. Wright Mills claimed that, most of the time, people must learn to takeresponsibility for their own problems.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts14. A global perspective has little in common with a sociological perspective.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts15. Societies around the world are more interconnected than ever before.

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Macionis,Society: The Basics,15e5Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts16. Studying other societies is a good way to learn about our own way of life.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts17. In the nineteenth century, revolutionary changes in European societies sparked thedevelopment of sociology.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts18. As a discipline, sociology first took root in France, Germany, and England.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts19. Among all academic disciplines, sociology is one of the youngest.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts20. The term “sociology” was coined by Emile Durkheim in 1898.

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Macionis,Society: The Basics,15e6Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts21. Ancient philosophers, including Plato, were primarily interested in imagining the“ideal” society rather than studying society as it really is.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts22. The last of Comte’s threestages is the metaphysical stage, in which people know theworld in terms of God’s will.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts23. The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes believed that society reflected the basicgoodness of human nature.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts24. Auguste Comte was a positivist who believed that there were laws of society in thesame way that there are laws of physics that describe the operation of the natural world.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: Moderate

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Macionis,Society: The Basics,15e7Skill Level: Understand the Concepts25. Based on the research by Barbara Ehrenreich, who tried to live by working at low-wage jobs, we would expect most people in such jobs to be able to move ahead to betterpaying work.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking fordeveloping public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career.Topic: Applying the Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know26. Sociological research may be interesting, but it is of little use in shaping publicpolicy, including legislation.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking fordeveloping public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career.Topic: Applying the Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts27. The sociological perspective helps us to assess the truth of the “common sense”beliefs most people tend to take for granted.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking fordeveloping public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career.Topic: Applying the Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts28. The sociological perspective highlights how society affects only the least privilegedpeople.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking fordeveloping public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career.Topic: Applying the Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts29. Sociology is useful training for any job that involves working with people.Answer: True

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Macionis,Society: The Basics,15e8Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking fordeveloping public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career.Topic: Applying the Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts30. Sociologists test their theories by gathering facts in order to confirm, reject, or modifythem.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s majortheoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts31. The chapter explains that, in general, areas of the country with high populationdensity have high rates of suicide.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts32. The structural-functional, social-conflict, and symbolic-interaction approaches arethree basic theoretical approaches in sociology.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts33. According to Robert K. Merton, all social patterns are good and have the samebeneficial effect on all members of a society.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts34. Rarely are people aware of all the functions of any social structure.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.

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Macionis,Society: The Basics,15e9Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts35. Keeping young people out of a tight labor market is one latent function of highereducation.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know36. The manifest functions of our society’s reliance on personal automobiles include tensof thousands of deaths each year in traffic accidents.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You Know37. To say that a social pattern is “dysfunctional” means that it has more than onefunction for the operation of society.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts38. The goal of the structural-functional approach is not simply to understand howsociety operates, but to reduce social inequality.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts39. In the United States, secondary schools place students in college preparatory orvocational “tracks” that partially reflect the social background of their families.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological Theory

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Macionis,Society: The Basics,15e10Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts40. Both feminism and the gender-conflict approach highlight ways in which women areunequal to men.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts41. W. E. B. Du Bois translated the writings of Auguste Comte from French into English.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts42. Harriet Martineau, who wrote about the evils of slavery and the need to improve thelives of factory workers, is regarded as the first woman sociologist.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts43. Both Jane Addams and Harriet Martineau are remembered today because they weremarried to important sociologists.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts44. Like the gender-conflict approach, the race-conflict approach is concerned with socialinequality.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts

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Macionis,Society: The Basics,15e1145. W. E. B. Du Bois wrote a classic study of the African American community inPhiladelphia.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts46. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois encouraged sociologists to avoid studyingcontroversial topics such as racial inequality.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts47. Both Karl Marx and W. E. B. Du Bois carried out their work guided by the structural-functional approach.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts48. The symbolic-interaction approach is a micro-level orientation.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts49. The focus of the symbolic-interaction approach is how society is divided by class,race, and gender.Answer: FalseLearning Objective:LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts

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Macionis,Society: The Basics,15e1250. Social-exchange analysis is one micro-level approach to understanding socialinteraction.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches.Topic: Sociological TheoryDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts51. Sociological research shows that all categories of people in the United States havehad the same opportunities to participate in sports.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.6: Explain why a researcher might choose each of sociology’sresearch methods.Topic: Research MethodsDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts52. “Stacking” in sports is the pattern by which people of one racial categorydisproportionately play in specific positions.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.6: Explain why a researcher might choose each of sociology’sresearch methods.Topic: Research MethodsDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts53. The meaning people find in competitive sports would be one focus of a symbolic-interaction approach.Answer: TrueLearning Objective: LO 1.6: Explain why a researchermight choose each of sociology’sresearch methods.Topic: Research MethodsDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know54. A symbolic-interaction analysis focuses on how social interaction in everydaysettings involves social inequality.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.6: Explain why a researcher might choose each of sociology’sresearch methods.Topic: Research Methods

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Macionis,Society: The Basics,15e13Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts55. Sociological generalizations are the same as simple stereotypes.Answer: FalseLearning Objective: LO 1.6: Explain why a researcher might choose each of sociology’sresearch methods.Topic: Research MethodsDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsMULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS56. What might a sociologist say about people’s selection of marriage partners?a.People marry because they fall in love.b.When it comes to romance, it is all a matter of personal taste.c.Typically, a person marries someone of similar social position.d.When it comes to love, opposites attract.Answer: cLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Analyze It57. What does the idea that the social world guides our actions and life choices just as theseasons influence activities and choice of clothing describe?a.The basis of what philosophy calls “free will”b.The essential wisdom of the discipline of sociologyc.The fact that people everywhere have “common sense”d.The fact that people from countries all around the world make mostly identicalchoices about how to liveAnswer: bLearning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps usunderstand that society shapes our individual lives.Topic: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts58. Which discipline defines itself as “the systematic study of human society”?a.Sociologyb.Psychology

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