Test Bank For Sociology: Down-To-Earth Approach, 14th Edition

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Test BankForSociology, A Down to Earth ApproachFourteenth EditionJames M. HenslinPrepared byJoyce D. Meyer, JCSW,former instructor of sociology, Social Sciencesand Human Services Department, Parkland College, Champaign, Illinois

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iiiCONTENTSChapter 1The Sociological Perspective1Chapter 2Culture15Chapter 3Socialization30Chapter 4Social Structure and Social Interaction45Chapter 5How Sociologists Do Research59Chapter 6Societies to Social Networks74Chapter 7Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations89Chapter 8Deviance and Social Control104Chapter 9Global Stratification120Chapter 10Social Class in the United States135Chapter 11Sex and Gender150Chapter 12Race and Ethnicity165Chapter 13Aging and the Elderly180Chapter 14The Economy195Chapter 15Politics210Chapter 16Marriage and Family225Chapter 17Education239Chapter 18Religion254Chapter 19Medicine and Health269Chapter 20Population and Urbanization284Chapter 21Collective Behavior and Social Movements299Chapter 22Social Change and the Environment314

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1Chapter 1: The Sociological PerspectiveMultiple-Choice QuestionsTB_Q1.1.1The __________ perspective emphasizes the social contexts in which people live.a. societalb. sociologicalc. natural sciencesd. ethnocentricAnswer: b. sociologicalLearning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain why both history and biography are essential for the sociologicalperspective.Topic/Concept: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.1.2A group of people who share a culture and a territory is known as a(n) __________.a. global groupb. extended family groupc. societyd. global villageAnswer: c. societyLearning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain why both history and biography are essential for the sociologicalperspective.Topic/Concept: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.1.3The corners in life that people occupy because of their place in a society are referred to as __________.a. social locationb. social affiliationc. social empowermentd. dominant groupsAnswer: a. social locationLearning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain why both history and biography are essential for the sociologicalperspective.Topic/Concept: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.1.4Our ancestors __________.a. lived in a global villageb. perceived the world beyond their communities only dimlyc. lived in big citiesd. bought all their food even though they raised and sold cropsAnswer: b. perceived the world beyond their communities only dimly

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2Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Explain why both history and biography are essential for the sociologicalperspective.Topic/Concept: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You KnowTB_Q1.2.5__________ is the study of society and human behavior.a. Natural scienceb. Sciencec. Psychologyd. SociologyAnswer: d. SociologyLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Know the focus of each social science.Topic/Concept: Sociology and the Other SciencesDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.2.6Xavier is doing research in organic chemistry. He is a chemist, but in a broader sense, he is a(n)__________.a. social scientistb. natural scientistc. biologistd. anthropologistAnswer: b. natural scientistLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Know the focus of each social science.Topic/Concept: Sociology and the Other SciencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You KnowTB_Q1.2.7Human relationships are examined by __________.a. the social sciencesb. natural sciencec. all scienced. mathematicsAnswer: a. the social sciencesLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Know the focus of each social science.Topic/Concept: Sociology and the Other SciencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.2.8The social science closely related to sociology, which traditionally focuses on tribal peoples, is__________.a. economicsb. political sciencec. psychologyd. anthropology

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3Answer: d. anthropologyLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Know the focus of each social science.Topic/Concept: Sociology and the Other SciencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.2.9__________ focuses on politics and government.a. Political scienceb. Anthropologyc. Psychologyd. EconomicsAnswer: a. Political scienceLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Know the focus of each social science.Topic/Concept: Sociology and the Other SciencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.2.10Which of the social sciences concentrates on a single social institution?a. Economicsb. Anthropologyc. Psychologyd. SociologyAnswer: a. EconomicsLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Know the focus of each social science.Topic/Concept: Sociology and the Other SciencesDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.2.11Judy is a Ph.D. candidate currently studying divorce rates in Western Europe. She is likely a sociologistrather than an anthropologist because __________.a. sociologists must have an advanced degreeb. “anthropologist” is just the outdated term for “sociologist”c. she is focusing mainly on industrialized and postindustrialized societiesd. she is focusing mainly on primitive societiesAnswer: c. sociologists focus mainly on industrialized and postindustrialized societiesLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Know the focus of each social science.Topic/Concept: Sociology and the Other SciencesDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You KnowTB_Q1.2.12After a sociologist has been able to generalize from his or her findings, the next goal is to __________.a. publish the studyb. predict what is likely to happen based on those findingsc. prove prior research has been inaccurated. question the findingsAnswer: b. predict what is likely to happen based on those findings

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4Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Know the focus of each social science.Topic/Concept: Sociology and the Other SciencesDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.2.13The first goal of science involves __________.a. contradicting previous researchb. trying to make sense of somethingc. proving why “common sense” is rightd. sticking with the individual case rather than the broader group or situationAnswer: b. trying to make sense of somethingLearning Objective: LO 1.2 Know the focus of each social science.Topic/Concept: Sociology and the Other SciencesDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.3.14Auguste Comte is credited as being the founder of __________.a. sociologyb. economicsc. modern scienced. political scienceAnswer: a. sociologyLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.3.15Using __________, Comte applied the scientific method to the social world.a. negativismb. positivismc. natural scienced. anthropologyAnswer: b. positivismLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.3.16The __________ uses objective, systematic observations to test theories.a. naturalistic methodb. commonsense methodc. scientific methodd. research-free techniqueAnswer: c. scientific methodLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber.Topic/Concept: Origins of Sociology

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5Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.3.17The phrase “survival of the fittest” was coined by __________.a. Charles Darwinb. Herbert Spencerc. Auguste Comted. Karl MarxAnswer: b. Herbert SpencerLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.3.18Karl Marx believed that __________ was the most relevant factor in history.a. democracyb. communismc. reconciliationd. class conflictAnswer: d. class conflictLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.3.19The __________, according to Marx, were the workers who were oppressed by those who owned themeans of production.a. capitalistsb. communistsc. proletariatd. fascistsAnswer: c. proletariatLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.3.20Durkheim’s concept of __________ refers to how much people are tied to their social groups.a. social integrationb. revolutionc. conflict theoryd. religionAnswer: a. social integrationLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts

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6TB_Q1.3.21The __________ examined by sociologists are societal characteristics or events that happen over and over.a. individual motivationsb. patterns of behaviorc. nonsocial forcesd. rationalesAnswer: b. patterns of behaviorLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.3.22According to Max Weber, the key factor in society is __________.a. economicsb. politicsc. religiond. traditionAnswer: c. religionLearning Objective: LO 1.3 Trace the origins of sociology, from tradition to Max Weber.Topic/Concept: Origins of SociologyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.4.23Max Weber said that sociology should be __________.a. class consciousb. biasedc. guided by personal valuesd. value freeAnswer: d. value freeLearning Objective: LO 1.4 Summarize the arguments in the debate about values in sociological research.Topic/Concept: Values in Sociological ResearchDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.4.24Constance, a sociologist, found a piece of research performed by another sociologist intriguing. It lookedat the impact of learning new activities on the aging process. When she read the results, which werereported in a journal she read, she saw that the number of people studied had been very small. But thereport itself was well written and enthusiastic. Much as Constance was excited by the findings, shewondered if bias might have affected them. Things looked just a little bit too good. The way to check thiswould be to __________ the study.a. demand that the author defendb. denouncec. replicated. ask colleagues aboutAnswer: c. replicateLearning Objective: LO 1.4 Summarize the arguments in the debate about values in sociological research.Topic/Concept: Values in Sociological ResearchDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know

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7TB_Q1.5.25What does the German wordVerstehenmean?a. To explainb. To investigatec. To understandd. To rejectAnswer: c. To understandLearning Objective: LO 1.5 State whatVerstehenis, and why it is valuable.Topic/Concept:Verstehenand Social FactsDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.5.26__________ meanings are what individuals ascribe to their own life circumstances and behaviors.a. Subjectiveb. Subjunctivec. Objectived. ObstructiveAnswer: a. SubjectiveLearning Objective: LO 1.5 State whatVerstehenis, and why it is valuable.Topic/Concept:Verstehenand Social FactsDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.5.27Rather thanVerstehen, Durkheim focused on societal patterns, which he called __________.a.nicht Verstehenb. social factsc. research into dreamsd. emotionAnswer: b. social factsLearning Objective: LO 1.5 State whatVerstehenis, and why it is valuable.Topic/Concept:Verstehenand Social FactsDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.5.28More babies are delivered on Tuesdays than on any other day for the convenience of the __________.a. doctorsb. patientsc. babiesd. midwivesAnswer: a: doctorsLearning Objective: LO 1.5 State whatVerstehenis, and why it is valuable.Topic/Concept:Verstehenand Social FactsDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.6.29When did sociology first take root in the United States?

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8a. the middle of the eighteenth centuryb. the late nineteenth centuryc. the middle of the twentieth centuryd. the early twenty-first centuryAnswer: b. the late nineteenth centuryLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tensionbetween objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.6.30Why do womennotfigure more prominently among early sociologists?a. There were no early female sociologists.b. Once sociology became a recognized academic discipline, men in academic positions decided thatwomen engaged in social reform were not legitimate sociologists.c. In no field has sexism been more evident than in sociology.d. The field of sociology seemed neither rigorous enough nor relevant enough to attract women.Answer: b. Once sociology became a recognized academic discipline, men in academic positions decidedthat women engaged in social reform were not legitimate sociologists.Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tensionbetween objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.6.31The work of W. E. B. Du Bois, an African American, __________.a. was recognized as an important part of the foundations of sociology from the earliest timesb. has been completely ignored until the presentc. was rejected by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)d. is recognized as important by contemporary sociologistsAnswer: d. is recognized as important by contemporary sociologistsLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tensionbetween objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.6.32W. E. B. Du Bois __________.a. was primarily a novelistb. collected and interpreted the work of others rather than making original contributionsc. became a revolutionary Marxist and moved to Ghanad. had the good fortune to grow up in an era virtually free of racismAnswer: c. became a revolutionary Marxist and moved to GhanaLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tensionbetween objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts

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9TB_Q1.6.33Early sociologist and social reformer Jane Addams __________.a. fought against the American Civil Liberties Unionb. won the Nobel Peace Prizec. married W. E. B. Du Boisd. never joined the American Sociological SocietyAnswer: b. won the Nobel Peace PrizeLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tensionbetween objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.6.34Talcott Parsons was influential in __________.a. shifting sociology from reform to theoryb. warning Americans about the power elitec. developing concrete models for social changed. shifting sociology from theory to reformAnswer: a. shifting sociology from reform to theoryLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tensionbetween objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.6.35Perhaps ahead of the times, __________ warned of the dangers of the coalescing interests of the topleaders of business, politics, and the military.a. Talcott Parsonsb. Ernest Burgessc. Jane Addamsd. C. Wright MillsAnswer: d. C. Wright MillsLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tensionbetween objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.6.36Who is the audience for basic sociology?a. Policy makersb. Clientsc. Fellow sociologists and anyone interestedd. All social and natural scientistsAnswer: c. Fellow sociologists and anyone interestedLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tensionbetween objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North America

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10Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.6.37Pure sociologists analyze some aspect of society to __________.a. make changes in the worldb. gain knowledge for its own sakec. solve problems for the betterment of societyd. get grants for their departmentsAnswer: b. gain knowledge for its own sakeLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tensionbetween objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.6.38__________ harnesses the sociological perspective for the public good.a. Basic sociologyb. Experimental sociologyc. Classical sociologyd. Public sociologyAnswer: d. Public sociologyLearning Objective: LO 1.6 Trace the development of sociology in North America, and explain the tensionbetween objective analysis and social reform.Topic/Concept: Sociology in North AmericaDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.7.39In __________, symbols are the key to understanding how we look at the world and communicate witheach other.a. functional analysisb. symbolic interactionismc. conflict theoryd. order theoryAnswer: b. symbolic interactionismLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, andconflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.7.40One of the sociologists who developed symbolic interactionism is __________.a. George Herbert Meadb. Auguste Comtec. Robert Mertond. Herbert SpencerAnswer: a. George Herbert Mead

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11Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, andconflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.7.41Applying symbolic interactionism, as divorce became more common, divorce became __________,a. more stigmatizedb. a symbol of failurec. associated with new beginningsd. a symbol of successAnswer: c. associated with new beginningsLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, andconflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You KnowTB_Q1.7.42Charles was studying symbolic interactionism in his sociology class. Charles was surprised to find thatsociologists who took this viewpoint thought that having love as the central reason for people to getmarried __________.a. prevents spouses from blaming each otherb. actually may cause a weakening of the marriagec. makes divorce all but impossibled. actually may cause a strengthening of the marriageAnswer: b. actually may cause a weakening of the marriageLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, andconflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You KnowTB_Q1.7.43In the eyes of __________, society consists of connected parts working together as a whole.a. symbolic interactionistsb. conflict theoristsc. functionalistsd. George Herbert MeadAnswer: c. functionalistsLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, andconflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.7.44Robert Merton would say negative results of people’s actions are __________.a. functions

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12b. dysfunctionsc. latent functionsd. balancing functionsAnswer: b. dysfunctionsLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, andconflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.7.45Who was the founder of conflict theory?a. Robert Mertonb. George Herbert Meadc. Max Weberd. Karl MarxAnswer: d. Karl MarxLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, andconflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsTB_Q1.7.46Face-to-face interaction is the focus of analysis in __________.a. symbolic interactionismb. conflict theoryc. any sociological viewpointd. functional analysisAnswer: a. symbolic interactionismLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, andconflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze ItTB_Q1.7.47__________ operates at the microsociological level.a. Symbolic interactionismb. Functional analysisc. Anthropologyd. Conflict theoryAnswer: a. Symbolic interactionismLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, andconflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts

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13TB_Q1.7.48In __________, the focus is on the struggle for scarce resources by different groups in society.a. functional analysisb. classical sociologyc. conflict theoryd. symbolic interactionismAnswer: c. conflict theoryLearning Objective: LO 1.7 Explain the basic ideas of symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, andconflict theory.Topic/Concept: Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.8.49Technological breakthroughs have enabled people to communicate, trade, and travel much more freely; theresultant erosion of what were once more impermeable national boundaries is known as __________.a. conflict theoryb. globalizationc.Verstehend. focusing on the macro levelAnswer: b. globalizationLearning Objective: LO 1.8 Explain how research versus reform and globalization are likely to influencesociology.Topic/Concept: Trends Shaping the Future of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the ConceptsTB_Q1.8.50Capitalism becoming the world’s dominant economic system is known as __________.a. the globalization of capitalismb. symbolic interactionismc. increasing isolationismd. the advance of democracyAnswer: a. the globalization of capitalismLearning Objective: LO 1.8 Explain how research versus reform and globalization are likely to influencesociology.Topic/Concept: Trends Shaping the Future of SociologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the FactsEssay QuestionsTB_Q1.2.51: How do sociologists differ from psychologists?Feedback: The difference is in the focus. Psychologists study what goes on within individuals. Sociologistsstudy factors external to individuals.Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Know the focus of each social science.Topic/Concept: The Sociological PerspectiveDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Analyze It

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