Test Bank for Sociology: Evidence and Insights

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Test BankForSociologyEvidence and InsightsFirst EditionTimothy J. CurryThe Ohio State UniversityRobert M. JiobuThe Ohio State UniversityCynthia Fabrizio PelakNew Mexico State University

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iiiTable of ContentsChapter 1The Sociological Mindset...................................................1Chapter 2Culture, Society, and Social Change..............................17Chapter 3Socialization and the Self................................................34Chapter 4Interaction, Groups, and Organizations..........................51Chapter 5Inequalities of Social Stratification...................................68Chapter 6Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity...................................85Chapter 7Inequalities of Gender...................................................102Chapter 8The Economy................................................................119Chapter 9The Political Order: Power, War, and Terrorism...........135Chapter 10Family and Marriage......................................................151Chapter11Education......................................................................167Chapter 12Deviance, Crime, and the Administration of Justice......183Chapter 13Religion.........................................................................200Chapter 14Medicine and Health Care.............................................215Chapter 15Population, Environmental Sustainability,and Urbanization.......................................................231Chapter 16Collective Behavior........................................................248

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1Chapter 1: The Sociological MindsetMultiple Choice:1.Sociologists evaluate assertions with __________.a.“common sense” ideasb.hearsayc.anecdotesd.objective evidenceAnswer: dLearning Objective: 1.2.1 Define the term sociology.Topic: Definition of SociologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts2.Which of the following is the best definition of sociology?a.the scientific study ofsocial structure and social interactionb.the scientific study of American societyc.the objective science of common sensed.the objective science of societiesAnswer: aLearning Objective: 1.2.1 Define the term sociology.Topic: Definition of SociologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts3.According to the text, the definition of sociology contains three key phrases that makesociology a unique discipline. Which of the following are those three key elements?a.systematic observation, social interaction, social insightb.sociological evidence, systematic observation, social structurec.science, social structure, social interactiond.social insight, science, sociological evidenceAnswer: cLearning Objective: 1.2.1 Define the term sociology.Topic: Definition of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts4.Which of the following is true regarding Harriet Martineau?a.She wroteSociety in America,which has ideas consistent with modern sociology.b.She translated from French the works of John Stuart Mill.c.She was an American social theorist.d.She believed women were supposed to fulfill domestic roles and rear children.Answer: aLearning Objective: 1.2.1 Define the term sociology.Topic: Definition of Sociology

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2Difficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts5.When did sociology become a formal academic discipline?a.during the eighteenth centuryb.during the early part of the nineteenth centuryc.during the latter part of the nineteenth centuryd.not until the early 1900sAnswer:cLearning Objective: 1.2.1 Define the term sociology.Topic: Definition of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts6.Which of the following best describes the global outlook of sociology?a.People all over the world study sociology in college classes.b.Sociology focuses on individual cultures and therefore is not impacted by whattranspires throughout the world.c.What transpires in one part of the world affects our lives where we are.d.All people are basically the same and can be catalogued through sociology.Answer: cLearning Objective: 1.2.2 Describe the global outlook of sociology.Topic: Global Outlook of SociologyDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts7.The relatively permanent components of our social environment that influence ourbehavior, often without our being consciously aware of it, are known as __________.a.social interactionb.social structurec.personal milieud.sociologyAnswer: bLearning Objective: 1.3.1 Define social structure.Topic: Definition of Social StructureDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts8.According to C. Wright Mills, the sociological imagination is made up of __________and __________.a.common sense; social forcesb.social milieu; objective evidencec.personal milieu; structural characteristicsd.structural characteristics; common senseAnswer: cLearning Objective: 1.3.2 Explain what C. Wright Mills meant by the sociological

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3imagination.Topic: Social Forces and Personal MilieuDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Rememberthe Facts9.Christine recently graduated from college with a degree in journalism, but despite severalinterviews with local newspapers, she has not yet been offered a job. According to C.Wright Mills, which of the following describes a factor in herpersonal milieuthat mightbe contributing to her problems finding employment?a.The newspaper industry is struggling and there are fewer jobs to be filled.b.Christine’s clips from the school paper reveal that she is not a talented writer, andshe has an abrasivepersonality that is apparent in interviews.c.Many writing jobs have been outsourced to other countries.d.With many journalists out of work, there is fierce competition for the reportingjobs Christine is seeking.Answer: bLearning Objective: 1.3.2 Explainwhat C. Wright Mills meant by the sociologicalimagination.Topic: Social Forces and Personal MilieuDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You Know10.A consistent way of looking at some aspect of the social world is known as a(n)__________.a.perspectiveb.opinionc.ideologyd.hypothesisAnswer: aLearning Objective: 1.4.1 Recognize what is meant by a sociological perspective.Topic: What Is a Sociological Perspective?Difficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts11.The key to the conflict perspective is __________.a.social interactionb.social powerc.sociological imaginationd.social cohesionAnswer: bLearning Objective: 1.4.2 Describe the conflict perspective.Topic: Conflict PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts

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412.Which of the following statements best explains how the conflict perspective addressessocial change?a.Social change is impossible. Marx argued that change would never happen incapitalistic societies.b.According to Marx, social change is built into societybecause people with fewerprivileges will attempt to change their status.c.Social change is unlikely because the subordinate group lacks the willpower tochange their status.d.Marx claimed that social change was possible, but it was only through the avenueof capitalism.Answer: bLearning Objective: 1.4.2 Describe the conflict perspective.Topic: Conflict PerspectiveDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts13.__________, a central feature of the conflict perspective, is a realm of cultural ideas andvalues that support the ruling class and became part of the society’s cultural beliefsystem.a.Ideological illusionb.Social institutionsc.Sociological imaginationd.Social powerAnswer: aLearning Objective: 1.4.2 Describe the conflict perspective.Topic: Conflict PerspectiveDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts14.Rich politicians who favor tax cuts for the wealthy and other entitlements often are ableto convince poor citizens that these policies will actually benefit them, even though theytypically do not. Which theoretical perspective offers the best explanation for this type ofcultural domination?a.conflict perspectiveb.functional perspectivec.symbolic interaction perspectived.sociological imaginationAnswer: aLearningObjective: 1.4.2 Describe the conflict perspective.Topic: Conflict PerspectiveDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You Know15.__________ functions have unintended and often unrecognized consequences, whereas__________ functions are intended, recognized consequences.a.Manifest; latent

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5b.Mechanical; organicc.Latent; manifestd.Organic; mechanicalAnswer: cLearning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective.Topic: Functional PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember theFacts16.According to the functional perspective, which of the following is considered importantfor a society to operate efficiently?a.conflictb.interactionsc.equilibriumd.powerAnswer: cLearning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective.Topic: Functional PerspectiveDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts17.Durkheim claimed that people in small, traditional societies are socially integrated wheneveryone is socially much the same. What did he call this type of social cohesion?a.organic solidarityb.mechanical solidarityc.manifest functionsd.latent functionsAnswer: bLearning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective.Topic: Functional PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts18.__________ refersto social integration achieved through interdependence derived fromdifferences among people.a.Organic solidarityb.Mechanical solidarityc.Manifest functionsd.Latent functionsAnswer: aLearning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective.Topic: Functional PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts

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619.In a large company, there are many different jobs that all must be performed in order forthe company to function successfully. Which term would Durkheim use to describe thistype of interdependence?a.organic solidarityb.mechanical solidarityc.manifest functionsd.latent functionsAnswer: aLearning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective.Topic: Functional PerspectiveDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What YouKnow20.Village X is a small, homogeneous society where there is only one church for everyone toattend, there is one school for all the children, and everyone in the community knowseveryone else. Which term would Durkheim use to describe this type of social cohesion?a.organic solidarityb.mechanical solidarityc.manifest functionsd.latent functionsAnswer: bLearning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective.Topic: Functional PerspectiveDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know21.The__________ perspective is based on the idea that individuals construct the nature oftheir social world through everyday encounters with one another.a.conflictb.functionalc.symbolic interactiond.sociological imaginationAnswer: cLearning Objective: 1.4.4 Describe the symbolic interaction perspective.Topic: Symbolic Interaction PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts22.The process by which people learn the skills, knowledge, norms, and values of theirsociety and by which they develop their social identity is known as __________.a.manifest functionsb.defining a situationc.functionalismd.socializationAnswer: dLearning Objective: 1.4.4 Describe the symbolic interaction perspective.

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7Topic: Symbolic Interaction PerspectiveDifficulty Level:EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts23.A nation’s flag is simply cloth; however, because it is used to represent ideas aboutpatriotism, national pride, and a country’s history, it also is a(n) __________ that hascomplex meanings.a.symbolb.manifest functionc.ideological illusiond.latent functionAnswer: aLearning Objective: 1.4.4 Describe the symbolic interaction perspective.Topic: Symbolic Interaction PerspectiveDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know24.Sarah is pregnant and has announced to friends and family that the ultrasound revealedthe sex of her baby to be a boy. For her baby shower, everyone bought blue clothes andinfant toys that were “for boys.” Which of the following is the best sociologicalexplanation for this?a.It is a result of intersectionality.b.It can be explained by the conflict perspective because it involves social power.c.It is about functionalism because it reflects organic solidarity.d.It can be explained by the social interaction perspective and the definition of thesituation.Answer: dLearning Objective: 1.4.4 Describe the symbolic interaction perspective.Topic: Symbolic Interaction PerspectiveDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You Know25.Which sociological perspective involves the key concepts of dominance and inequality?a.structural functionalismb.conflict perspectivec.symbolic interaction perspectived.sociological imaginationAnswer: bLearning Objective: 1.4.2 Describe the conflict perspective.Topic: Conflict PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts26.Which sociological perspective involves the key concepts of symbols, socialization, andsignificant others?a.structural functionalism

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8b.conflict perspectivec.symbolic interaction perspectived.sociological imaginationAnswer:cLearning Objective: 1.4.4 Describe the symbolic interaction perspective.Topic: Symbolic Interaction PerspectiveDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts27.Which of the following shows the correct order of the stages in the research process?a.gathering evidence; getting information from past studies; developing anexplanation; becoming curious; coming to a conclusionb.gathering evidence; becoming curious; coming to a conclusion; developing anexplanation; getting information from past studiesc.becoming curious; getting information from past studies; developing anexplanation; gathering evidence; coming to a conclusiond.becoming curious; gathering evidence; getting information from past studies;developing an explanation; coming to a conclusionAnswer: cLearning Objective: 1.5.1 Identify the initial stage of research.Topic: Stage One: Becoming CuriousDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Remember the Facts28.Which stage of the research process involves gathering information by reviewing theacademic literature?a.becoming curiousb.getting it togetherc.developing an explanationd.gathering evidenceAnswer: bLearning Objective: 1.5.2 Explain how researchers discover and review relevant literature.Topic: Stage Two: Getting It TogetherDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts29.You are conducting research on police presence and neighborhood safety. If yourhypothesis is that “the more police presence, the safer the neighborhood,” then what isyourindependentvariable?a.police presenceb.asafer neighborhoodc.number of neighborhood residentsd.methods of police trainingAnswer: aLearning Objective: 1.5.3 State the relationship between a theory, a hypothesis, andindependent and dependent variables.

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9Topic: Developing an Explanation: Theory ConstructionDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You Know30.You are conducting research on police presence and neighborhood safety. If yourhypothesis is that “the more police presence, the safer the neighborhood,” then what isyourdependentvariable?a.police presenceb.a safer neighborhoodc.number of neighborhood residentsd.methods of police trainingAnswer: bLearning Objective: 1.5.3 State the relationship between a theory, a hypothesis, andindependent and dependent variables.Topic: Developing an Explanation: Theory ConstructionDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You Know31.If a researcher wants to study how tutoring improves grades, which of the followingwould be the bestoperational definitionfor “grade”?a.good gradesb.average gradesc.any improvement from previous gradesd.a grade of B or betterAnswer: dLearning Objective: 1.5.3 State the relationship between a theory, a hypothesis, andindependent and dependent variables.Topic: Developing an Explanation: Theory ConstructionDifficulty Level: DifficultSkill Level: Apply What You Know32.What is the difference between nominal and operational definitions?a.A nominal definition explains a concept in words; an operational definitionexplains the same concept in terms of measurement.b.A nominal definition explains a concept in terms of measurement; an operationaldefinition explains the same concept in words.c.A nominal definition explains a concept as the variable that will be observed forchange; an operational definition explains a concept that leads to or changesanother concept.d.A nominal definition explains a concept that leads to or changes another concept;an operational definition explains a concept that will be observed for change.Answer: aLearning Objective: 1.5.3 State the relationship between a theory, a hypothesis, andindependent and dependent variables.Topic: Developing an Explanation: Theory ConstructionDifficulty Level: Moderate

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10Skill Level: Remember the Facts33.A(n) __________ isthe total collection of entities or “things” being studied.a.censusb.unit of analysisc.populationd.sampleAnswer: cLearning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence—censuses,sample surveys, and observation.Topic: Gathering EvidenceDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts34.If a researcher wanted to study international students, particularly international studentsat a specific university, what would be thepopulation?a.studentsb.international students in generalc.international students at the specific universityd.the total number of all studentsAnswer: bLearning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence—censuses,sample surveys, and observation.Topic: Gathering EvidenceDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Apply What You Know35.In which of the following does each member of the entire population have an equalchance of being selected?a.sampleb.universec.random sampled.censusAnswer: cLearning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence—censuses,sample surveys, and observation.Topic: Gathering EvidenceDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts36.The goal of a __________ is to obtain in-depth understanding from a highly detailed andsometimes intimateknowledge of the people being studied.a.censusb.surveyc.random sampled.participant observation study

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11Answer: dLearning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence—censuses,sample surveys, and observation.Topic: Gathering EvidenceDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts37.Which of the following is the method least used by sociologists?a.laboratory experimentb.censusc.participant observationd.natural experimentAnswer: aLearning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources ofsociological evidence—censuses,sample surveys, and observation.Topic: Gathering EvidenceDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts38.A professor wants to try a new teaching technique and she designs an experiment to see ifthe new technique is effective. Without alerting any of her students, she changes herteaching style in one of her classes. The class that receives the new treatment is the__________.a.control groupb.experimental groupc.random sampled.participant observation groupAnswer: bLearning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence—censuses,sample surveys, and observation.Topic: Gathering EvidenceDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts39.A researcher decides to study attitudes about mothers by analyzing their depiction inpopular music and assigning them numerical codes. This is an example of __________.a.survey researchb.experimentsc.content analysisd.observationAnswer: cLearning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources ofsociological evidence—censuses,sample surveys, and observation.Topic: Gathering EvidenceDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts

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1240.If a researcher wants to gain a subjective understanding of why people behave as they do,which ofthe following is the best method?a.censusb.surveyc.experimentd.open-ended interviewAnswer: dLearning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence—censuses,sample surveys, and observation.Topic: Gathering EvidenceDifficulty Level:EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts41.Why are scientists concerned about ethics in research?a.It is a way to make money.b.There is a concern for preventing harm in research endeavors.c.It is a way for universities to control what is allowed to be researched.d.Ethics is a prominent field of study.Answer: bLearning Objective: 1.5.6 Describe the concern for ethics in research.Topic: Ethics and ResearchDifficulty Level: ModerateSkill Level: Understand the Concepts42.Which realm of sociology is for “the sake of knowledge itself”?a.professional sociologyb.critical sociologyc.policy sociologyd.public sociologyAnswer: aLearning Objective: 1.6.1 Describe sociology as a basic science.Topic: Basic Science or Professional SociologyDifficulty Level: EasySkillLevel: Remember the Facts43.__________ sociology emphasizes the development of sociological knowledge with theaim of improving or solving real-world problems.a.Professionalb.Criticalc.Policyd.PublicAnswer: cLearning Objective: 1.6.3 Describe policy sociology.Topic: Policy SociologyDifficulty Level: Easy

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13Skill Level: Remember the Facts44.Which realm of sociology consists of the give-and-take of debate, argument, andcontroversy centered on knowledge production in the discipline of sociology?a.professional sociologyb.critical sociologyc.policy sociologyd.public sociologyAnswer: bLearning Objective: 1.6.2 Describe critical sociology.Topic: Critical SociologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts45.__________ sociology addresses questions such as:Do sociological theories and researchunknowingly perpetuate social inequalities in our society by the way they frame issues?a.Professionalb.Criticalc.Policyd.PublicAnswer: bLearning Objective: 1.6.2 Describe critical sociology.Topic: Critical SociologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Understand the Concepts46.__________ sociologists work with individuals and groups working for social change.a.Professionalb.Criticalc.Policyd.PublicAnswer: dLearning Objective: 1.6.4 Describe public sociology.Topic: PublicSociologyDifficulty Level: EasySkill Level: Remember the Facts47.A sociologist working in which realm of sociology would be most likely to conductapplied sociological research in a branch of state or federal government?a.professional sociologyb.critical sociologyc.policy sociologyd.public sociologyAnswer: cLearning Objective: 1.6.3 Describe policy sociology.Topic: Policy Sociology

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