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Test Bank for Sociology: Evidence and Insights

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    Test Bank For Sociology Evidence and Insights First Edition Timothy J. Curry The Ohio State University Robert M. Jiobu The Ohio State University Cynthia Fabrizio Pelak New Mexico State University

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    iii Table of Contents Chapter 1 The Sociological Mindset ................................ ................... 1 Chapter 2 Culture, Society, and Social Change .............................. 17 Chapter 3 Socialization and the Self ................................ ................ 34 Chapter 4 Interaction, Groups, and Organizations .......................... 51 Chapter 5 Inequalities of Social Stratification ................................ ... 68 Chapter 6 Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity ................................ ... 85 Chapter 7 Inequalities of Gender ................................ ................... 102 Chapter 8 The Economy ................................ ................................ 119 Chapter 9 The Political Order: Power, War, and Terrorism ........... 135 Chapter 10 Family and Marriage ................................ ...................... 151 Chapter 11 Education ................................ ................................ ...... 167 Chapter 12 Deviance, Crime, and the Administration of Justice ...... 183 Chapter 13 Religion ................................ ................................ ......... 200 Chapter 14 Medicine and Health Care ................................ ............. 215 Chapter 15 Population, Environmental Sustainability, and Urbanization ................................ ....................... 231 Chapter 16 Collective Behavior ................................ ........................ 248

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    1 Chapter 1: The Sociological Mindset Multiple Choice: 1. Sociologists evaluate assertions with __________. a. “common sense” ideas b. hearsay c. anecdo tes d. objective evidence Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.2.1 Define the term sociology. Topic: Definition of Sociology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2. Which of the following is the best definition of sociology? a. the scientific study of social structure and social interaction b. the scientific study of American society c. the objective science of common sense d. the objective science of societies Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2.1 Define the term sociology. Topic: Definition of Sociology Difficu lty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3. According to the text, the definition of sociology contains three key phrases that make sociology a unique discipline. Which of the following are those three key elements? a. systematic observation, social inte raction, social insight b. sociological evidence, systematic observation, social structure c. science, social structure, social interaction d. social insight, science, sociological evidence Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.2.1 Define the term sociology. Topic: Defin ition of Sociology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 4. Which of the following is true regarding Harriet Martineau? a. She wrote Society in America , which has ideas consistent with modern sociology. b. She translated from French the w orks of John Stuart Mill. c. She was an American social theorist. d. She believed women were supposed to fulfill domestic roles and rear children. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2.1 Define the term sociology. Topic: Definition of Sociology

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    2 Difficulty Level: Mod erate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5. When did sociology become a formal academic discipline? a. during the eighteenth century b. during the early part of the nineteenth century c. during the latter part of the nineteenth century d. not until the early 1900s Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.2.1 Define the term sociology. Topic: Definition of Sociology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6. Which of the following best describes the global outlook of sociology? a. People all over the world study sociolo gy in college classes. b. Sociology focuses on individual cultures and therefore is not impacted by what transpires throughout the world. c. What transpires in one part of the world affects our lives where we are. d. All people are basically the same and can be cat alogued through sociology. Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.2.2 Describe the global outlook of sociology. Topic: Global Outlook of Sociology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 7. The relatively permanent components of our social e nvironment that influence our behavior, often without our being consciously aware of it, are known as __________. a. social interaction b. social structure c. personal milieu d. sociology Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.3.1 Define social structure. Topic: Definition o f Social Structure Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 8. According to C. Wright Mills, the sociological imagination is made up of __________ and __________. a. common sense; social forces b. social milieu; objective evidence c. personal milieu; st ructural characteristics d. structural characteristics; common sense Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.3.2 Explain what C. Wright Mills meant by the sociological

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    3 imagination. Topic: Social Forces and Personal Milieu Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9. Christine recently graduated from college with a degree in journalism, but despite several interviews with local newspapers, she has not yet been offered a job. According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following describes a factor in her perso nal milieu that might be contributing to her problems finding employment? a. The newspaper industry is struggling and there are fewer jobs to be filled. b. Christine’s clips from the school paper reveal that she is not a talented writer, and she has an abrasive personality that is apparent in interviews. c. Many writing jobs have been outsourced to other countries. d. With many journalists out of work, there is fierce competition for the reporting jobs Christine is seeking. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.3.2 Explain what C. Wright Mills meant by the sociological imagination. Topic: Social Forces and Personal Milieu Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know 10. A consistent way of looking at some aspect of the social world is known as a(n) __________. a. p erspective b. opinion c. ideology d. hypothesis Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4.1 Recognize what is meant by a sociological perspective. Topic: What Is a Sociological Perspective? Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11. The key to the conflict per spective is __________. a. social interaction b. social power c. sociological imagination d. social cohesion Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.4.2 Describe the conflict perspective. Topic: Conflict Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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    4 12. Which of the following statements best explains how the conflict perspective addresses social change? a. Social change is impossible. Marx argued that change would never happen in capitalistic societies. b. According to Marx, social change is built into society because people with fewer privileges will attempt to change their status. c. Social change is unlikely because the subordinate group lacks the willpower to change their status. d. Marx claimed that social change was possible, but it was only through the avenue of capitalism. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.4.2 Describe the conflict perspective. Topic: Conflict Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 13. __________, a central feature of the conflict perspective, is a realm of cult ural ideas and values that support the ruling class and became part of the society’s cultural belief system. a. Ideological illusion b. Social institutions c. Sociological imagination d. Social power Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4.2 Describe the conflict perspectiv e. Topic: Conflict Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. Rich politicians who favor tax cuts for the wealthy and other entitlements often are able to convince poor citizens that these policies will actually benefit th em, even though they typically do not. Which theoretical perspective offers the best explanation for this type of cultural domination? a. conflict perspective b. functional perspective c. symbolic interaction perspective d. sociological imagination Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4.2 Describe the conflict perspective. Topic: Conflict Perspective Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know 15. __________ functions have unintended and often unrecognized consequences, whereas __________ functions are intende d, recognized consequences. a. Manifest; latent

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    5 b. Mechanical; organic c. Latent; manifest d. Organic; mechanical Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective. Topic: Functional Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 16. According to the functional perspective, which of the following is considered important for a society to operate efficiently? a. conflict b. interactions c. equilibrium d. power Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective. Topic: Fun ctional Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 17. Durkheim claimed that people in small, traditional societies are socially integrated when everyone is socially much the same. What did he call this type of social cohesio n? a. organic solidarity b. mechanical solidarity c. manifest functions d. latent functions Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective. Topic: Functional Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18. __________ refers to social integration achieved through interdependence derived from differences among people. a. Organic solidarity b. Mechanical solidarity c. Manifest functions d. Latent functions Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective. Topic: Func tional Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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    6 19. In a large company, there are many different jobs that all must be performed in order for the company to function successfully. Which term would Durkheim use to describe this type o f interdependence? a. organic solidarity b. mechanical solidarity c. manifest functions d. latent functions Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective. Topic: Functional Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 20. Village X is a small, homogeneous society where there is only one church for everyone to attend, there is one school for all the children, and everyone in the community knows everyone else. Which term would Durkheim use to describe this type of socia l cohesion? a. organic solidarity b. mechanical solidarity c. manifest functions d. latent functions Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.4.3 Describe the functional perspective. Topic: Functional Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 21. The __________ perspective is based on the idea that individuals construct the nature of their social world through everyday encounters with one another. a. conflict b. functional c. symbolic interaction d. sociological imagination Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.4.4 Des cribe the symbolic interaction perspective. Topic: Symbolic Interaction Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 22. The process by which people learn the skills, knowledge, norms, and values of their society and by which they develo p their social identity is known as __________. a. manifest functions b. defining a situation c. functionalism d. socialization Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.4.4 Describe the symbolic interaction perspective.

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    7 Topic: Symbolic Interaction Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23. A nation’s flag is simply cloth; however, because it is used to represent ideas about patriotism, national pride, and a country’s history, it also is a(n) __________ that has complex meanings. a. symbol b. manifest function c. ideological illusion d. latent function Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4.4 Describe the symbolic interaction perspective. Topic: Symbolic Interaction Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 24. Sarah is pregnant and has announc ed to friends and family that the ultrasound revealed the sex of her baby to be a boy. For her baby shower, everyone bought blue clothes and infant toys that were “for boys.” Which of the following is the best sociological explanation for this? a. It is a res ult of intersectionality. b. It can be explained by the conflict perspective because it involves social power. c. It is about functionalism because it reflects organic solidarity. d. It can be explained by the social interaction perspective and the definition of th e situation. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.4.4 Describe the symbolic interaction perspective. Topic: Symbolic Interaction Perspective Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know 25. Which sociological perspective involves the key concepts o f dominance and inequality? a. structural functionalism b. conflict perspective c. symbolic interaction perspective d. sociological imagination Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.4.2 Describe the conflict perspective. Topic: Conflict Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Sk ill Level: Understand the Concepts 26. Which sociological perspective involves the key concepts of symbols, socialization, and significant others? a. structural functionalism

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    8 b. conflict perspective c. symbolic interaction perspective d. sociological imagination Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.4.4 Describe the symbolic interaction perspective. Topic: Symbolic Interaction Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. Which of the following shows the correct order of the stages in the research pro cess? a. gathering evidence; getting information from past studies; developing an explanation; becoming curious; coming to a conclusion b. gathering evidence; becoming curious; coming to a conclusion; developing an explanation; getting information from past stud ies c. becoming curious; getting information from past studies; developing an explanation; gathering evidence; coming to a conclusion d. becoming curious; gathering evidence; getting information from past studies; developing an explanation; coming to a conclusio n Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.5.1 Identify the initial stage of research. Topic: Stage One: Becoming Curious Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 28. Which stage of the research process involves gathering information by reviewing the academic literature? a. becoming curious b. getting it together c. developing an explanation d. gathering evidence Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.5.2 Explain how researchers discover and review relevant literature. Topic: Stage Two: Getting It Together Difficulty Le vel: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 29. You are conducting research on police presence and neighborhood safety. If your hypothesis is that “the more police presence, the safer the neighborhood,” then what is your independent variable? a. police presence b. a safer neighborhood c. number of neighborhood residents d. methods of police training Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.5.3 State the relationship between a theory, a hypothesis, and independent and dependent variables.

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    9 Topic: Developing an Explanation: Theory Cons truction Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know 30. You are conducting research on police presence and neighborhood safety. If your hypothesis is that “the more police presence, the safer the neighborhood,” then what is your dependent va riable? a. police presence b. a safer neighborhood c. number of neighborhood residents d. methods of police training Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.5.3 State the relationship between a theory, a hypothesis, and independent and dependent variables. Topic: Developing a n Explanation: Theory Construction Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know 31. If a researcher wants to study how tutoring improves grades, which of the following would be the best operational definition for “grade”? a. good grades b. average g rades c. any improvement from previous grades d. a grade of B or better Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.5.3 State the relationship between a theory, a hypothesis, and independent and dependent variables. Topic: Developing an Explanation: Theory Construction Diff iculty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know 32. What is the difference between nominal and operational definitions? a. A nominal definition explains a concept in words; an operational definition explains the same concept in terms of measurement. b. A n ominal definition explains a concept in terms of measurement; an operational definition explains the same concept in words. c. A nominal definition explains a concept as the variable that will be observed for change; an operational definition explains a conce pt that leads to or changes another concept. d. A nominal definition explains a concept that leads to or changes another concept; an operational definition explains a concept that will be observed for change. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.5.3 State the relationship between a theory, a hypothesis, and independent and dependent variables. Topic: Developing an Explanation: Theory Construction Difficulty Level: Moderate

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    10 Skill Level: Remember the Facts 33. A(n) __________ is the total collection of entities or “things” being studied. a. census b. unit of analysis c. population d. sample Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence — censuses, sample surveys, and observation. Topic: Gathering Eviden ce Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 34. If a researcher wanted to study international students, particularly international students at a specific university, what would be the population ? a. students b. international students in general c. intern ational students at the specific university d. the total number of all students Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence — censuses, sample surveys, and observation. Topic: Gathering Evidence Difficulty Level: Mode rate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 35. In which of the following does each member of the entire population have an equal chance of being selected? a. sample b. universe c. random sample d. census Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociol ogical evidence — censuses, sample surveys, and observation. Topic: Gathering Evidence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 36. The goal of a __________ is to obtain in - depth understanding from a highly detailed and sometimes intimate knowledge of the people being studied. a. census b. survey c. random sample d. participant observation study

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    11 Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence — censuses, sample surveys, and observation. Topic: Gathering Evidence Di fficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 37. Which of the following is the method least used by sociologists? a. laboratory experiment b. census c. participant observation d. natural experiment Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence — censuses, sample surveys, and observation. Topic: Gathering Evidence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 38. A professor wants to try a new teaching technique and she designs an experiment to see if the new t echnique is effective. Without alerting any of her students, she changes her teaching style in one of her classes. The class that receives the new treatment is the __________. a. control group b. experimental group c. random sample d. participant observation group Ans wer: b Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence — censuses, sample surveys, and observation. Topic: Gathering Evidence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 39. A researcher decides to study attitud es about mothers by analyzing their depiction in popular music and assigning them numerical codes. This is an example of __________. a. survey research b. experiments c. content analysis d. observation Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence — censuses, sample surveys, and observation. Topic: Gathering Evidence Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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    12 40. If a researcher wants to gain a subjective understanding of why people behave as they do, which of the following is the best method? a. census b. survey c. experiment d. open - ended interview Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.5.4 Identify the major sources of sociological evidence — censuses, sample surveys, and observation. Topic: Gathering Evidence Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 41. Why are scientists concerned about ethics in research? a. It is a way to make money. b. There is a concern for preventing harm in research endeavors. c. It is a way for universities to control what is allowed to be researc hed. d. Ethics is a prominent field of study. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.5.6 Describe the concern for ethics in research. Topic: Ethics and Research Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 42. Which realm of sociology is for “the sak e of knowledge itself”? a. professional sociology b. critical sociology c. policy sociology d. public sociology Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.6.1 Describe sociology as a basic science. Topic: Basic Science or Professional Sociology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 43. __________ sociology emphasizes the development of sociological knowledge with the aim of improving or solving real - world problems. a. Professional b. Critical c. Policy d. Public Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.6.3 Describe policy sociology . Topic: Policy Sociology Difficulty Level: Easy

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    13 Skill Level: Remember the Facts 44. Which realm of sociology consists of the give - and - take of debate, argument, and controversy centered on knowledge production in the discipline of sociology? a. professional soci ology b. critical sociology c. policy sociology d. public sociology Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.6.2 Describe critical sociology. Topic: Critical Sociology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 45. __________ sociology addresses questions such as: Do sociological theories and research unknowingly perpetuate social inequalities in our society by the way they frame issues? a. Professional b. Critical c. Policy d. Public Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.6.2 Describe critical sociology. Topic: Critical Sociology Dif ficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 46. __________ sociologists work with individuals and groups working for social change. a. Professional b. Critical c. Policy d. Public Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.6.4 Describe public sociology. Topic: Public Sociology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 47. A sociologist working in which realm of sociology would be most likely to conduct applied sociological research in a branch of state or federal government? a. professional sociology b. critical so ciology c. policy sociology d. public sociology Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.6.3 Describe policy sociology. Topic: Policy Sociology

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