Understanding the Social World: Research Methods for the 21st Century 1st Edition Test Bank

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UnderstandingtheSocialWorld1stEditionRussellK.SchuttChapter1:Science,Society,andSocialResearchTestBank1.Socialscientistsinvestigateindividuals,societies,and_____.a.philosophiesb.conceptualizations*c.socialprocessesd.triangulationLearningObjective:DefineSocialScienceandidentifyitslimitationsCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:ScienceandSocialScienceQuestionType:MC2.Fourcommonerrorsfoundinreasoningareselectiveorinaccurateobservation,overgeneralization,illogicalreasoning,and_____.*a.resistancetochangeb.systematicinvestigationc.deductivereasoningd.constructivismLearningObjective:DescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:ComprehensionAnswerLocation:ReevaluatingQuestionType:MC3.Theparadigmthatemphasizestheimportanceofexploringandrepresentingthewaysinwhichdifferentstakeholdersinasocialsettingconstructtheirbeliefsis_____.*a.constructivismb.evaluationc.positivismd.triangulationLearningObjective:Explainthedifferencebetweeneachorientationinthefollowingpairsofalternativesinsocialresearch:positivistorconstructivist;quantitativeorqualitativeCognitiveDomain:ComprehensionAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:MC4.Socialresearchcanbedescriptive,exploratory,explanatory,or_____.*a.evaluativeb.qualitativec.quantitatived.selectiveLearningObjective:IdentifythefourtypesofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:TypesofSocialResearchQuestionType:MC

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UnderstandingtheSocialWorld1stEditionRussellK.SchuttChapter1:Science,Society,andSocialResearchTestBank5.Astudythatincludesquestionsaskingforwrittenresponsesisa_____.a.interview*b.surveyc.observationd.exploratoryLearningObjective:IdentifythefourtypesofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:TypesofSocialResearchQuestionType:MC6.Constructivistsbelieverealityis_____.a.symbolicb.qualitativelyinteractivec.understoodthroughobservation*d.sociallyconstructedLearningObjective:Explainthedifferencebetweeneachorientationinthefollowingpairsofalternativesinsocialresearch:positivistorconstructivist;quantitativeorqualitativeCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:MC7.Researchthatseekstodeterminetheeffectsofprograms,policies,orothereffortstoaffectsocialpatternsiscalled_____.*a.evaluationresearchb.differingperspectivesc.explorationresearchd.interactivephenomenaLearningObjective:IdentifythefourtypesofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:TypesofSocialResearchQuestionType:MC8._____researchseekstofindouthowpeoplegetalonginthesettingunderquestion,whatmeaningstheygivetotheiractions,andwhatissuesconcernthem?*a.Exploratoryb.Explanatoryc.Observationd.DeductiveLearningObjective:IdentifythefourtypesofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:ComprehensionAnswerLocation:TypesofSocialResearchQuestionType:MC

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UnderstandingtheSocialWorld1stEditionRussellK.SchuttChapter1:Science,Society,andSocialResearchTestBank9._____researchisresearchinwhichsocialphenomenaaredefinedanddescribed.a.Deductiveb.Inductive*c.Descriptived.AlternativeLearningObjective:IdentifythefourtypesofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:TypesofSocialResearchQuestionType:MC10.Illogicalreasoningoccurswhenweprematurelyjumptoconclusionsorargueonthebasisof_____.a.majoralternativesb.constructivism*c.invalidassumptionsd.selectiveobservationLearningObjective:DescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:ComprehensionAnswerLocation:ReasoningQuestionType:MC11._____occurswhenweunjustifiablyconcludethatwhatistrueforsomecasesistrueforallcases.a.Deductivereasoning*b.Overgeneralizationc.Triangulationd.PositivismLearningObjective:DescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:ComprehensionAnswerLocation:GeneralizingQuestionType:MC12.Anobservationbasedonfaultyperceptionsofempiricalrealityiscalled_____.a.qualitativeobservationb.quantitativeobservationc.faultyobservation*d.inaccurateobservationLearningObjective:DescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:ComprehensionAnswerLocation:ObservingQuestionType:MC13.Choosingtolookonlyatthingsthatareinlinewithourpreferencesorbeliefsiscalled_____.

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UnderstandingtheSocialWorld1stEditionRussellK.SchuttChapter1:Science,Society,andSocialResearchTestBanka.intensiveobservation*b.selectiveobservationc.selectivereasoningd.overgeneralizationCognitiveDomain:ApplicationAnswerLocation:ObservingQuestionType:MC14.Observing,generalizing,reasoning,and____arefourprocesseswemayusewhenengagingwiththesocialworld.a.participationb.constructivism*c.reevaluatingd.evaluatingLearningObjective:DescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:ObservingQuestionType:MC15.Wehaveutilized_____whenwemakeconnectionsbetweendifferentthingsthatwehaveobserved.*a.reasoningb.reevaluatingc.overgeneralizationd.faultyobservationLearningObjective:DescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:AvoidingErrorsinReasoningAbouttheSocialWorldQuestionType:MC16.____mayhelpusdrawunderstandingfromwhatwehaveobservedinothertimesorplaces.*a.Generalizingb.Observationc.Reasoningd.ReevaluatingLearningObjective:DescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:GeneralizingQuestionType:MC17.Itisimportanttorememberthatconclusionswemaydrawfromourownexperiencesareoften_____.*a.limitedb.inaccurate

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UnderstandingtheSocialWorld1stEditionRussellK.SchuttChapter1:Science,Society,andSocialResearchTestBankc.overgeneralizedd.illogicalLearningObjectiveDescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:ComprehensionAnswerLocation:GeneralizingQuestionType:MC18.Thereluctancetoreevaluateourideasinlightofnewinformationis_____.a.participantobservationb.invalidreasoning*c.resistancetochanged.quantitativereasoningLearningObjective:DescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:ReevaluatingQuestionType:MC19.Whenwejumptoconclusionsorargueonthebasisofinvalidassumptions,weareusing_____.*a.illogicalreasoningb.inductivereasoningc.selectiveobservationd.inaccurateobservationCognitiveDomain:ComprehensionAnswerLocation:ReasoningQuestionType:MC20.Excessivedevotiontotraditionisanexampleof____.a.uncriticalagreement*b.resistancetochangec.ego-basedcommitmentd.illogicalreasoningLearningObjective:DescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:AnalysisAnswerLocation:ReevaluatingQuestionType:MC21.Aresearchermayobtainaclearerpictureofsocialrealitybyviewingitfromseveraldifferentperspectives.Thisisanexampleof_____.*a.triangulationb.textualanalysisc.mixed-methodbehaviord.interactivestrategyLearningObjective:Explainthedifferencebetweeneachorientationinthefollowingpairsof

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UnderstandingtheSocialWorld1stEditionRussellK.SchuttChapter1:Science,Society,andSocialResearchTestBankalternativesinsocialresearch:positivistorconstructivist;quantitativeorqualitative;basicorappliedCognitiveDomain:ApplicationAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:MC22._____ismoreoftenthemotiveforusingqualitativemethods,althoughresearchersalsousethesemethodsfordescriptive,explanatory,andevaluativepurposesa.Exploitationb.Constructivismc.Surveyresearch*d.ExplorationLearningObjective:Explainthedifferencebetweeneachorientationinthefollowingpairsofalternativesinsocialresearch:positivistorconstructivist;quantitativeorqualitativeCognitiveDomain:ApplicationAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:MC23._____isamethodologybasedonquestioningbeliefinanexternalreality.a.Triangulationb.Determinism*c.Constructivismd.PositivismLearningObjective:Explainthedifferencebetweeneachorientationinthefollowingpairsofalternativesinsocialresearch:positivistorconstructivist;quantitativeorqualitativeCognitiveDomain:ComprehensionAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:MC24.____observationoftenoccursineverydayconversation.*a.Inaccurateb.Quantitativec.Qualitatived.MixedmethodsLearningObjective:DescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:ApplicationAnswerLocation:ObservingQuestionType:MC25._____reliesonlogicalandsystematicmethodstoanswerquestions.a.Researchmethodsb.Thesocialworld*c.Scienced.Paradigms

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UnderstandingtheSocialWorld1stEditionRussellK.SchuttChapter1:Science,Society,andSocialResearchTestBankCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeLearningObjective:DefineSocialScienceandidentifyitslimitationsAnswerLocation:ScienceandSocialScienceQuestionType:MC26.Ifastudyutilizesnumericaldata,itlikelyinvolves____methods.*a.quantitativeb.inductivec.qualitatived.deductiveLearningObjective:Explainthedifferencebetweeneachorientationinthefollowingpairsofalternativesinsocialresearch:positivistorconstructivist;quantitativeorqualitativeCognitiveDomain:AnalysisAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:MC27._____reliesonscientificmethodstoinvestigateindividuals,societies,andsocialprocessesa.Evaluativeresearch.b.Constructivephilosophyc.Descriptivestudies*d.SocialscienceLearningObjective:DefineSocialScienceandidentifyitslimitationsCognitiveDomain:ComprehensionAnswerLocation:ScienceandSocialScienceQuestionType:MC28.Wemayreducethelikelihoodofovergeneralizationbyusing_____procedures.*a.systematicb.resistancec.inaccurated.selectiveLearningObjective:DefineSocialScienceandidentifyitslimitationsCognitiveDomain:ApplicationAnswerLocation:ScienceandSocialScienceQuestionType:MC29.Somesocialscientistswhoconductresearchonsocialtiesfeelthatbydoingsotheycanhelpimprovethequalityoftheircommunities.Thisisanexampleof_____.a.potentialmotivation*b.personalmotivationc.policymotivationd.establishedmotivationLearningObjective:ExplainthemotivationsofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:Application

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UnderstandingtheSocialWorld1stEditionRussellK.SchuttChapter1:Science,Society,andSocialResearchTestBankAnswerLocation:MotivesforSocialResearchQuestionType:MC30.Methodssuchasparticipantobservation,interviewing,andfocusgroupsareexamplesof_____.*a.qualitativeresearchb.quantitativeresearchc.exploratoryresearchd.inductiveresearchLearningObjective:Explainthedifferencebetweeneachorientationinthefollowingpairsofalternativesinsocialresearch:positivistorconstructivist;quantitativeorqualitativeCognitiveDomain:AnalysisAnswerLocation:Qualitativeand/orQuantitativeMethodsQuestionType:MC31.Socialresearchmaybeguidedbypersonalorcharitableimpulses.*a.Trueb.FalseLearningObjective:ExplainthemotivationsofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:ComprehensionAnswerLocation:MotivesforSocialResearchQuestionType:TF32.Qualitativeandquantitativemethodsmaybecombinedinresearchprojects.*a.Trueb.FalseLearningObjective:Explainthedifferencebetweeneachorientationinthefollowingpairsofalternativesinsocialresearch:positivistorconstructivist;quantitativeorqualitativeCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:TF33.Thedistinctionbetweenquantitativeandqualitativeresearchisalwayssharp.a.True*b.FalseLearningObjective:Explainthedifferencebetweeneachorientationinthefollowingpairsofalternativesinsocialresearch:positivistorconstructivist;quantitativeorqualitativeCognitiveDomain:ComprehensionAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:TF34.Qualitativedatacanbeconvertedtoquantitativedata.*a.Trueb.False

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UnderstandingtheSocialWorld1stEditionRussellK.SchuttChapter1:Science,Society,andSocialResearchTestBankLearningObjective:Explainthedifferencebetweeneachorientationinthefollowingpairsofalternativesinsocialresearch:positivistorconstructivist;quantitativeorqualitativeCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:TF35.Triangulationsuggeststhataresearchercangainaclearpictureoftherealitybeingstudiedbyviewingitfromoneperspective.a.True*b.FalseLearningObjective:IdentifythefourtypesofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:TF36.Constructivismrejectspositivism.*a.Trueb.FalseLearningObjective:IdentifythefourtypesofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:TF37.Evaluationresearchisnotanexampleofexplanatoryresearch.a.True*b.FalseLearningObjective:IdentifythefourtypesofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:TypesofSocialResearchQuestionType:TF38.Evaluationresearchcanfocusonprograms,policies,andeffortstocreatechange.*a.Trueb.FalseLearningObjective:ExplainthemotivationsofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:ComprehensionAnswerLocation:TypesofSocialResearchQuestionType:TF39.Exploratoryresearchfrequentlyrevolvesaroundquantitativemethods.a.True*FalseLearningObjective:IdentifythefourtypesofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:Knowledge

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UnderstandingtheSocialWorld1stEditionRussellK.SchuttChapter1:Science,Society,andSocialResearchTestBankAnswerLocation:TypesofSocialResearchQuestionType:TF40.Socialscienceistheuseofscientificmethodstoinvestigativeindividuals,societies,andsocialprocesses.*a.Trueb.FalseLearningObjective:DefineSocialScienceandidentifyitslimitationsCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:ScienceandSocialScienceQuestionType:TF41.Resistancechangeindicatesthereluctancetochangeourideasinlightofoldinformation.a.True*b.FalseLearningObjective:DefineSocialScienceandidentifyitslimitationsCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:ReevaluatingQuestionType:TF42.Whatissocialscience?Whatareitslimitations?*a.Varies.Studentsshouldnotethatsocialsciencereliesonscientificmethodstoinvestigateindividuals,societies,andsocialprocesses.Whenweutilizescientificmethodswithinthesocialsciences,weobserveindividualsandsocialgroups.Studentsshouldfurthernotethatthereareerrorsthatmayoccurwhenconductingsocialscientificresearch.Thelimitationsinvolvedincludetheriskofovergeneralization,inaccurateobservation,illogicalreasoning,andresistancetochange.LearningObjective:DefineSocialScienceandidentifyitslimitationsCognitiveDomain:ApplicationAnswerLocation:ScienceandSocialScienceQuestionType:ESS43.Identifyanddescribethethreecomponentsofresistancetochange.*a.Varies.Studentsshouldidentifyego-basedcommitments,excessivedevotiontotradition,anduncriticalagreementwithauthorityasthethreecomponentsofresistancetochange.Ego-basedcommitmentsentailmakingstatementsaboutthesocialworldthatconformtoourownneeds,ratherthantoobservablefacts.Excessivedevotiontotraditionentailsdistortingourobservationsasameansofmaintainingourownbeliefs.Thishinderstheabilitytoacceptnewfindingsanddevelopnewknowledge.Uncriticalagreementwithauthorityentailsfailingtocriticallyevaluatetheideasofthoseinpositionsofpower.Thispreventsscientistsfromestablishingnewdiscoveries,limitingourunderstandingofthesocialworld.LearningObjective:DescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:ApplicationAnswerLocation:Reevaluating

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UnderstandingtheSocialWorld1stEditionRussellK.SchuttChapter1:Science,Society,andSocialResearchTestBankQuestionType:ESS44.Whatispositivism?Whatisconstructivism?*a.Varies.Studentsshoulddefinepositivismasthebeliefthatthereisarealitythatexistsapartfromourownperceptionofit.Thisseparaterealitymaybeunderstoodthroughobservation.Conversely,constructivismisamethodologybasedonquestioningbeliefinanexternalreality.Constructivismemphasizestheimportanceofexploringthewayinwhichdifferentstakeholdersinasocialsettingconstructtheirbelief.LearningObjective:Explainthedifferencebetweeneachorientationinthefollowingpairsofalternativesinsocialresearch:positivistorconstructivist;quantitativeorqualitativeCognitiveDomain:ApplicationAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:ESS45.Describequantitativeandqualitativeresearch.Provideexamplesofeach.*a.Varies.Studentsshouldnotethatquantitativemethodsrevolvearoundnumericaldata.Surveysandexperimentsthatrecordvariationinsociallifeintermsofcategoriesthatvaryinamountarequantitativebased.Anexampleofquantitativemethodsmayincludeasurvey-orientedexperiment,oranyexperimentfocusedonnumericaldata.Qualitativemethodsincludeparticipantobservation,intensiveinterviews,andfocusgroups.Qualitativeresearchseekstocapturesociallifeasparticipantsexperienceitratherthanincategoriespredeterminedbytheresearcher.Anexampleofaqualitativeresearchstudymayincludepersonal,socialexperiencesofaspecificpopulation.LearningObjective:Explainthedifferencebetweeneachorientationinthefollowingpairsofalternativesinsocialresearch:positivistorconstructivist;quantitativeorqualitativeCognitiveDomain:ApplicationAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:ESS46.Whatisselectiveobservation?*a.Varies.Choosingtoonlylookatthingsthatareinlinewithourpreferencesorbeliefs.LearningObjective:DescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:AvoidingErrorsinReasoningAbouttheSocialWorldQuestionType:SA47.Whatarethefourtypesofsocialresearch?*a.Varies.Descriptiveresearch,exploratoryresearch,explanatoryresearch,andevaluationresearch.LearningObjective:IdentifythefourtypesofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:TypesofSocialResearchQuestionType:SA

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UnderstandingtheSocialWorld1stEditionRussellK.SchuttChapter1:Science,Society,andSocialResearchTestBank48.WhatarethethreemotivesforsocialresearchdiscussedinChapter1?*a.Varies.Policymotivations,academicmotivations,andpersonalmotivations.LearningObjective:ExplainthemotivationsofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:MotivesforSocialResearchQuestionType:SA49.Whatarethefourerrorsinreasoning?*a.Varies.Observing,generalizing,reasoning,andreevaluatingLearningObjective:DescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:AvoidingErrorsinReasoningAbouttheSocialWorldQuestionType:SA50.Socialscientificresearchmaybequalitativeor_____.*a.Varies.Quantitative.LearningObjective:Explainthedifferencebetweeneachorientationinthefollowingpairsofalternativesinsocialresearch:positivistorconstructivist;quantitativeorqualitativeCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:F51.Excessivedevotionto_____mayalterourreasoninginthesocialworld.*a.Varies.TraditionLearningObjective:DescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:F52._____reliesonscientificmethodstoinvestigateindividualsandsocieties.*a.Varies.SocialscienceLearningObjective:DefineSocialScienceandidentifyitslimitationsCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:ScienceandSocialScienceQuestionType:F53.A_____researchstrategymaycombinequalitativeandquantitativemethods.*a.Varies.Mixed-methodsLearningObjective:IdentifythefourtypesofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:F

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UnderstandingtheSocialWorld1stEditionRussellK.SchuttChapter1:Science,Society,andSocialResearchTestBank54.Various_____forsocialresearchmaylimityourobservationsinthesocialworld.*a.Varies.MotivationsLearningObjective:ExplainthemotivationsofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:MotivesforSocialResearchQuestionType:F55.Defininganddescribingsocial____ispartofdescriptiveresearch.*a.Varies.PhenomenaLearningObjective:IdentifythefourtypesofsocialresearchCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:TypesofSocialResearchQuestionType:F56.Methodsofinvestigationshouldutilize_____procedures.*a.Varies.SystematicLearningObjective:DefineSocialScienceandidentifyitslimitationsCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:ScienceandSocialScienceQuestionType:F57.Positivismassertsthatrealitycanbeunderstoodthrough_____.*a.Varies.ObservationLearningObjective:Explainthedifferencebetweeneachorientationinthefollowingpairsofalternativesinsocialresearch:positivistorconstructivist;quantitativeorqualitativeCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:Quantitativeand/orQualitativeMethodsQuestionType:F58._____observationisbasedonfaultyperceptionsofempiricalreality.*a.Varies.FaultyLearningObjective:DescribethefourcommonerrorsineverydayreasoningCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:ObservingQuestionType:F59.Scientistsdefinesocialphenomenain_____research.*a.Varies.DescriptiveLearningObjective:IdentifythefourtypesofsocialresearchAnswerLocation:TypesofSocialResearchQuestionType:F60.Evaluationresearchisatypeof_____research.*a.Varies.Explanatory

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UnderstandingtheSocialWorld1stEditionRussellK.SchuttChapter1:Science,Society,andSocialResearchTestBankLearningObjective:IdentifythefourtypesofsocialresearchAnswerLocation:TypesofSocialResearchQuestionType:F

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UnderstandingtheSocialWorld1stEditionRussellK.SchuttChapter2:TheProcessandProblemsofSocialResearchTestBank1.Formulatingagoodresearchquestionmaybebrokenintoathree-stageprocess.Thisprocessincludesidentifyingoneormorequestionsforstudy,refiningthequestions,and____.*a.Varies.EvaluatingthequestionsLearningObjective:NamethethreecharacteristicsofagoodresearchquestionCognitiveDomain:AnalysisAnswerlocation:SocialResearchQuestionsQuestionType:F2.Proceduraljusticetheorypredictsthatpeoplewillobeythelawfromasenseofobligationthatflowsfromseeinglegalauthoritiesas____.*a.Varies.MoralandlegitimateLearningObjective:Formulatethreepredictionsaboutthecausesofcrimethatreflect,respec-tively,rationalchoicetheory,proceduraljusticetheory,andsymbolicinteractiontheoryCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:SocialTheoriesQuestionType:F3.Theintegratedliteraturereviewshouldaccomplishthreegoals.Theyaretosummarizepriorresearch,critiquepriorresearch,and____.*a.Varies.PresentpertinentconclusionsLearningObjective:SearchandreviewtheresearchliteratureCognitiveDomain:AnalysisAnswerLocation:ReviewingResearchQuestionType:F4.Youmayhaveanegativeor____directionofassociation.*a.Varies.PositiveLearningObjective:FormulateahypothesisanddistinguishindependentanddependentvariablesCognitiveDomain:KnowledgeAnswerLocation:ExplanatoryResearchQuestionType:F5.Inductiveresearchbeginswithspecificdata,whicharethenusedtodevelopa____toaccountfordata.*a.Varies.TheoryLearningObjective:FormulateahypothesisanddistinguishindependentanddependentvariablesCognitiveDomain:ComprehensionAnswerLocation:ExplanatoryResearchQuestionType:F6.Causalvalidityisalsoknownas____.*a.Varies.Internalvalidity

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