Essentials of Statistics, 6th Edition Test Bank

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ONLINETESTBANKLAURAIOSSIBroward CollegeELEMENTARYSTATISTICSTHIRTEENTH EDITIONMario F. Triola

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ContentsChapter 1Exam A……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...1Exam B………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……5Exam C………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..9Chapter 2Exam A…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….13Exam B………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…..24Exam C………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…33Chapter 3Exam A…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….41Exam B………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…..46Exam C………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…51Chapter 4Exam A…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….56Exam B………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…..60Exam C………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…64Chapter 5Exam A…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….67Exam B………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…..71Exam C………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…75Chapter 6Exam A…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….80Exam B………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…..84Exam C………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…88Chapter 7Exam A…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….94Exam B………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…..98Exam C……………………………………………………………………………………………………………102Chapter 8Exam A……………………………………………………………………………………………………………106Exam B……………………………………………………………………………………………………………111Exam C……………………………………………………………………………………………………………116

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Chapter 9Exam A……………………………………………………………………………………………………………122Exam B……………………………………………………………………………………………………………127Exam C……………………………………………………………………………………………………………133Chapter 10Exam A……………………………………………………………………………………………………………141Exam B……………………………………………………………………………………………………………148Exam C……………………………………………………………………………………………………………154Chapter 11Exam A……………………………………………………………………………………………………………159Exam B……………………………………………………………………………………………………………165Exam C……………………………………………………………………………………………………………171Chapter 12Exam A……………………………………………………………………………………………………………177Exam B……………………………………………………………………………………………………………184Exam C……………………………………………………………………………………………………………191Chapter 13Exam A……………………………………………………………………………………………………………198Exam B……………………………………………………………………………………………………………203Exam C……………………………………………………………………………………………………………208Chapter 14Exam A……………………………………………………………………………………………………………213Exam B……………………………………………………………………………………………………………223Exam C……………………………………………………………………………………………………………231

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1Chapter 1 ExamANameMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1) Determine whether the given description corresponds to an experiment or an observationalstudy. A stock analyst selects a stock from a group of twenty for investment by choosing thestock with the greatest earnings per share reported for the last quarter.A) ExperimentB) Observational study1)____________2)Identify which type of sampling is used.The name of each contestant is written on a separatecard, the cards are placed in a bag, andthreenames are picked from thebag.A) SimpleRandomB)ClusterC)ConvenienceD)StratifiedE)Systematic2)____________3)Identify which type of sampling is used.To avoid working late, a quality control analystsimply inspects the first 100 items produced in a day.A) SystematicB) StratifiedC) ConvenienceD) ClusterE) Simple Random3)___________4) An education expert is researching teaching methods and wishes to interview teachers fromaparticular school district. She randomly selects ten schools from the district and interviewsallofthe teachers at the selected schools. Does this sampling plan result in a random sample?Simplerandom sample?Explain.A) No; no. The sample is not random because teachers in small schools are more likelytobeselected than teachers in larger schools. It is not a simple random samplebecausesomesamples are not possible, such as a sample that includes teachers fromschools that werenot selected.B) Yes; yes. The sample is random because all teachers have the same chance of beingselected.It is a simple random sample because all samples have the same chance ofbeingselected.C) Yes; no. The sample is random because all teachers have the same chance of beingselected.Itis not a simple random sample because some samples are not possible,such as a samplethatincludes teachers from schools that were notselected.D) No; yes. The sample is not random because teachers in small schools are more likelytobeselected than teachers in larger schools. It is a simple random sample becauseallsampleshave the same chance of beingselected.4)___________5) Identify the type of observational study used. A town obtains current employment data bypolling 10,000 of its citizens thismonth.A) ProspectiveB) RetrospectiveC) Cross-sectionalD) None ofthese5)__________6) Determine whether the given value is a discrete or continuous variable. People are asked tostate how many times in the last month they visited their family doctor.A) ContinuousB) Discrete6)__________

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27) Determine which of the four levels of measurement is mostappropriate.Students’ grades,A, B, or C, on a test.A) IntervalB) NominalC) OrdinalD) Ratio7)__________8) A tax auditor selects every 1000th income tax return that is received.Identify which of thesetypes of sampling is used.A)StratifiedB)SystematicC) S i m p l eRandomD)ClusterE)Convenience8)__________9)Determine whether the given value is a statistic or aparameter.Thirty percent of all dogowners poop scoop after their dog.A) StatisticB)Parameter9)__________10) Determine whether the given value is from a discrete or continuous dataset.The time ittakes a computer to complete a task.A) ContinuousB)Discrete10)__________11) On a test, 74% of the questions are answered correctly. If 111 questions are correct, howmany questions are on the test?A) 37 questionsB) 67 questionsC) 150 questionsD) 82 questions11)__________12) Researchers collect data by interviewing athletes who have won Olympic gold medals from1992to 2016.Identify the type of study.A) RetrospectiveB)Cross-sectionalC) ProspectiveD) None ofthese12)__________13) A psychology student wishes to investigate differences in political opinions between businessmajors and political science majors at her college. She randomly selects 100 students from the260 business majors and 100 students from the 180 political science majors. Does thissampling plan result in a random sample? Simple random sample? Explain.A) Yes; yes. The sample is random because all students have the same chance of beingselected. It is a simple random sample because all samples of size 200 have the samechance of being selected.B) No; yes. The sample is not random because political science majors have a greaterchance of being selected than business majors. It is a simple random sample becauseall samples of size 200 have the same chance of being selected.C) No; no. The sample is not random because political science majors have a greaterchance of being selected than business majors. It is not a simple random samplebecause some samples are not possible, such as a sample consisting of 50 businessmajors and 150 political science majors.D) Yes; no. The sample is random because all students have the same chance of beingselected. It is not a simple random sample because some samples are not possible,such as a sample consisting of 50 business majors and 150 political science majors.13)__________14)Correlation does not imply _____________.A) LinearityB) BiasC) CausationD) Significance14)__________

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315) There are many potential pitfalls that can cause problems when analyzing data. Which ofthese choices are not classified as a potential pitfall?A) Order of survey questionsB) NonresponseC) Self-reported dataD) Measured data15)__________16) A management survey for a company surveyed 235 employees. 44.7% of the employeessurveyed were females. The number of males would be ___________________.A) 130B) 105C) 13D) Unable to determine16)__________17) What type of data values are quantitative and the number of values is finite or countable?A) IntervalB) DiscreteC) CategoricalD) Continuous17)__________18) A _______________ is the collection of data from every member of the population.A) sampleB) censusC) placeboD) statistic18)__________19) A ______________ is the complete collection of all measurements or data collected, whereas,a _____________ is a subcollection of members selected from the complete collection.A) population; sampleB) sample; populationC) sample; censusD) population; parameter19)__________20) The four levels of measurement that are commonly used for classifying data are ratio,________, ________, and ________.A) interval, normal, ordinaryB) nominal, ordinal, intervalC) nominal, ordinal, categoricalD) normal, ordinal, interval20)__________

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4Answer KeyTestname: CHAPTER 1 EXAM A1)B2)A3)C4)C5)C6)B7)C8)B9)B10)A11)C12)A13)C14)C15)D16)A17)B18) B19)A20) B

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5Chapter 1 ExamBNameMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)Identify which type of sampling is used.A pollster uses a computer to generate 500 randomnumbers, then interviews thevoterscorresponding to thosenumbers.A)ConvenienceB)SystematicC)ClusterD)RandomE)Stratified1)____________2) Determine whether the given value is a statistic or aparameter.After taking the first exam,15 of the students dropped theclass.A) StatisticB)Parameter2)___________3) Determine which of the four levels of measurement is mostappropriate.Students’ grades ofA, B, or C, on atest.A) RatioB) OrdinalC) NominalD)Interval3)___________4) Determine which of the four levels of measurement is mostappropriate.Level of satisfactionof surveyrespondents.A) RatioB) NominalC) IntervalD)Ordinal4)___________5) Identify which type of sampling is used. A tax auditor selects every 1000th income taxreturn that isreceived.A)StratifiedB)ConvenienceC)RandomD)ClusterE)Systematic5)____________6) Determine whether the given description corresponds to an observational study or anexperiment. A political pollster reports that his candidate has a 10% lead in the polls with10% undecided.A) ExperimentB) Observational study6)___________7) Identify the type of study used. A town obtains current employment data by polling 10,000of its citizens thismonth.A) Cross-sectionalB) ProspectiveC) RetrospectiveD) None ofthese7)___________8) Determine whether the given description corresponds to an observational study or anexperiment.A doctor gives a new medication to half of his patients with the flu and a placeboto the other half of his patients with the flu.A) Observational studyB)Experiment8)___________

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69) Identify which type of sampling is used. A research team wants to study the demographics ofcollege students in the U.S. using proportionate samples of students in majors reflecting actualU.S. percentages.A)ConvenienceB)ClusterC)StratifiedD) SimplerandomE) Systematic9)___________10) A marijuana survey included 1610 responses from a list of approximately 241,500,000 adultsin the U.S. from which every 150,000thname was surveyed.Identify which of these types ofsampling is used:A) StratifiedB) ClusterC) ConvenienceD) SystematicE) Simple random10)___________11) A gardener has 75 clients, 45% of whom are businesses. Find the number of businessclients.A) 41 clientsB) 34 clientsC) 36 clientsD) 73clients11)___________12) A marketing firm does a survey to find out how many people use a product. Of the onehundred people contacted, fifteen said they use the product. Identify the type of study used.A) ExperimentB) Observationalstudy12)___________13) The similarity between an ordinal level of measurement and an interval level ofmeasurement is that _______________.A)Both can be arranged in some orderB)Differences between data values cannot be determined or are meaninglessC)Differences between data values can be determined and are meaningfulD)Neither can be arranged in some order13)___________14) Which of the following does not apply to the ratio level of measurement?A)Can be arranged in orderB)Differences between data values can be found and are meaningfulC)Cannot be arranged in orderD)There is a natural zero starting point14)___________15) Determine which level of measurement is appropriate. A sample of children’s balls areclassified from softest to hardest.A) IntervalB) OrdinalC) RatioD) Nominal15)___________16) Determine which level of measurement is appropriate. Salaries of college professors.A) IntervalB) OrdinalC) RatioD) Nominal16)___________17) Which of the following is an inappropriate way to deal with missing data?A) Delete cases with missing dataB) Substitute missing valuesC) Determine if missing values are randomD) Ignore missing data17)___________

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718) In a cross-sectional study, data are _____________.A) observed, measured, and collected at one point of timeB) observed, measure, and collected over a period of timeC) collected from a past time periodD) collected in the future from groups that share common factors18)___________19) Which type of experiment separates subjects into groups that are similar but differ inways that might affect the outcome of the experiment?A) Completely randomized designB) Randomized block designC) Matched pairs designD) Rigorously controlled design19)___________20) The good design of experiments includes blinding, _____________, and__________________.A) replication; voluntary response samplesB) internalization; randomizationC) replication; experimentationD ) replication; randomization20)___________

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8Answer KeyTestname: CHAPTER 1 EXAM B1)D2)B3)B4)D5)E6)B7)A8)B9)C10)D11)B12)B13) B14) C15) B16) C17) D18)A19)B20) D

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9Chapter 1 ExamCNameSHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers thequestion.1) Form a conclusion about statistical significance. Do not make any formal calculations. Eitheruse the results provided or make subjective judgments about the results.Last year, the average math SAT score for students at one school was 475. The headmasterintroduced new teaching methods hoping to improve scores. This year, the mean math SATscore for a sample of students was 481. Is there statistically significant evidence that the newteaching method is effective? If the teaching method had no effect, there would be roughly a 3in 10 chance of seeing such an increase. Does the result have statistical significance? Why orwhy not? Does the result have practical significance?1)____________2) Why do you think that cluster sampling is frequently used in practice?2)____________3) "38% of adults in the United States regularly visit a doctor". This conclusion wasreachedbya college student after she had questioned 520 randomly selected members ofhercollege.What is wrong with her conclusion?3)____________4) Subscribers of the women’s magazine Cosmopolitan are asked to participate in a survey aboutpreferred cereals for breakfast. Are the results likely to be representative of all women? Of allsubscribers of Cosmopolitan? Why or whynot?4)____________5)Given the data in the table, what issue can be addressed by conducting a statistical analysis ofthe values?Amounts of Saturated Fat (in grams) in Two-Once Regular andLow-FatMuffinsRegular4.53.53.75.24.93.9Low-Fat1.22.12.21.81.62.25)____________6) At a school there are two different math classes for children of the same age. The two classeshave different teachers. The school principal is interested in gauging the effectiveness of twodifferent teaching methods and asks each teacher to try one of the methods. At the end of thesemester both classes are given the same test and the results are compared. In this experiment,what is the variable of interest? Give some examples of variables which could be confoundingvariables.6)____________7) A lawyer surveyed a simple random sample of his colleagues and asked themwhethertheywere left-handed or right-handed. Is this convenience sample likely toprovideresults typicalof all adults in the United States? Do convenience samples ingeneralprovide goodresults?7)___________8) Identify the sample and population. Also, determine whether the sample is likely to berepresentative of thepopulation.A study is interested in whether men and women are equallylikely to vote Democratic, Republican or Independent or not vote in a presidential election.Results were polled through a popular news website.8)____________9)Distinguishbetweencategoricalandquantitativedata.Giveanexampleofeach.9)___________10) Explain why using self-reported data instead of measured data is a potential pitfall in datacollection. Be sure to include an example.10)___________11)Explainthedifferencebetweenstratifiedandclustersampling.11)___________

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1012) The table shows the weights (in pounds) and monthly incomes (in dollars) of nine randomlyselected women between the ages of 18 and 65.If we use statistical methods to conclude that there is a correlation (or relationship orassociation) between the weights of women and their monthly incomes, can we concludethat by increasing her weight a woman can increase her monthly income?Weight(lb)113132155122166140118129185Monthly Income(dollars)14203650547523104710291017202460411512)___________13) A teacher was interested in knowing how much tax people pay in the United States.Sheselected a simple random sample of her friends and asked them about their taxes. Isthissample likely to be representative of all adults in the UnitedStates?13)___________14) Would an observational study or an experiment be more appropriate to investigatetheeffects on humans of a substance known to be toxic?Explain.14)___________15) A coach uses a new technique in training middle distance runners. The times, in seconds, for 8different athletes to run 800 meters before and after this training are shown below.Does the conclusion that the technique is effective appear to be supported with statisticalsignificance? Does the conclusion that the technique is effective appear to have practicalsignificance?AthleteABCDEFGHBefore115.2114116.4119.8110.9112.4111.5117.3After112.9112.7114120.6109.1109.1107.9113.415)___________16)Why isclustersamplingfrequentlyusedinpractice?16)___________17)Identify the sample and population. Also, determine whether the sample is likely to berepresentative of thepopulation.An employee at the local ice cream parlor asks threecustomers if they like chocolate ice cream.17)___________18)Use critical thinking to develop an alternativeconclusion. A study shows that the number ofreported sexually transmitted diseases was significantly higher for high schools that offeredcourses in sex education than for high schools that did not. Conclusion: The introduction ofsex education courses at the high school level has resulted in increased promiscuity amongteens.18)___________19) Would an observational study or an experiment be more appropriate to investigate the effectson fertilizer on plant growth?Explain.19)___________20) Explain what is meant by the term "confounding," and give an example of anexperimentinwhich confounding is likely to be aproblem.20)___________

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11Answer KeyTestname: CHAPTER 1 EXAM C1) No. The new mean SAT score is not substantially higher. Even if the new teaching method had no effect, asmallincrease such as this could easily be seen just by chance. No. The increase is not sufficient to be ofpractical significance.2) Cluster sampling can save time and money and be more efficient, especially when the clusters aregeographically far apart from each other. If a study wants to solicit opinions from the homeless population, it ismore effective to choose a few selected towns and interview a significant number of homeless people in eachtown rather than study a few homeless people in all towns. A significant and similar sample are identified ineach cluster. In this case, a study accessing the entire population through simple random sample would be toobig and expensive.In stratified sampling, the population is divided into strata according to some variables that are thought to berelated to the variables of interest. A sample is taken from every stratum. There is not an identified variable ofinterest in the homeless study.3) The sample is biased. College students are not representative of the U.S. population as awhole.4)No. Cosmopolitan attracts women with specific demographics and subscribers will not be representative ofallwomen, however, a sample well selected, will not be representative. No,this sample will not even berepresentative of all Cosmopolitan subscribers because it is a voluntary response sample-subscribersthemselves choose whether to respond. Those with stronger opinions are more likely to respond so the sampleisunlikely to be representative of all subscribers to the magazine.5)Given the context of the data, we could address the issue of whether the two types of muffins provide thesameamounts of saturated fat, or whether there is a difference between the two types ofmuffin.6)The variable of interest is the teaching method. Possible confounding variables are "skill of teacher" (is oneteacherbetter than the other?), "aptitude of students" (do the two classes have students of the same ability?),"amount ofstudytime" (does one class have students who are moreconscientious?).7) Yes. There is nothing about left-handedness or right-handedness that would affect being one of thelawyer'scolleagues. In terms of left- or right-handedness, a simple random sample of the lawyer's colleagues is likely toberepresentative of all adults in the United States. Convenience samples in general do not tend to provide goodresultsas the sample is often not representative of a broaderpopulation.8) Sample: the individuals who responded to the website poll; population: all voting age adults; not representative dueto being a convenience sample.9) Qualitative data can be separated into categories that are distinguished by nonnumeric characteristics.Quantitativedata consist of numbers representing counts or measurements. Examples willvary.10) Answers will vary. Using self-reported data may be inaccurate since people may want to representthemselves in a certain way. For example, people often report that they weigh less than they actually do.11) In both cluster sampling and stratified sampling,sub-groups (clusters or strata) are formed. However, instratifiedsampling, all strata are used and a sample is selected from each strata. In cluster sampling, a sample ofthe clustersisfirst selected, then all members of those clusters areselected.12)No. If a correlation (or relationship or association) is found, this doesn't mean that one variable is the cause ofanother.Larger weights do not cause higher incomes, but tend to be associated with higher incomes because bothweightandincome are associated with a third variable, age. Older women tend to be heavier and to have higherincomesthanyoungerwomen.13) An observational study would be more appropriate. An experiment would not be appropriate because it wouldbeunethical to administer as a treatment a substance known to be toxic.However a retrospective observationalstudy,for example, could be carried out by examining records from the past and observing the effects where thesubstancehad been accidentallyingested.14) No; The exam result of 53.7% is not substantially greater than 50%. Even if Charlie were just guessing, he couldeasilydo this well just bychance.15) Yes. Almost all runners have considerably faster times after thetraining.Yes. The differences appear to besubstantial.16) Answers will vary. Possible answer: Cluster sampling can save time and money and be more efficient,especiallywhen the clusters are geographically far apart from each other. For example, if a researcher wishes to interviewasample of high school teachers in a school district, it will be easier to interview all the teachers at a few schoolsthantointerview a few teachers from many differentschools.17) Sample: the 3 selected customers; population: all customers; notrepresentative.

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1218) Sex education gives students information about sexual activities including the results of engaging in thoseactivities, such as pregnancy and disease.Promiscuous behavior is more about a lack of information. Thisfallacy explanation is saying that since sex education is being taught in high schools, the teachings increase thepromiscuity of teenagers. This is completely false because yes the teenagers are learning how to have safe andprotective sex, but it’s up to them and how they choose to use that information about sex to alter the cause oftheir promiscuity.19) An experiment would be more appropriate..20) Confounding occurs in an experiment when the effects of two or more variables cannot be distinguished fromeachother. Examples will vary. One example is that of a school district that conducts a study regarding whetherthescience laboratory approach or the computer simulation approach is better for learning chemistry amongseniors.Astandardized achievement test is used to measure learning, and the results of the two schools arecompared.Unlesscontrolled in the study, two confounding variables are teaching expertise and studentmotivation.

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