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Fundamentals of Statistics, 5th Edition Test Bank

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    Exam Name___________________________________ SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 1) Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: tossing a coin 1) Answer: (head, tail) 2) Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: answering a true or false question 2) Answer: (true, false) 3) Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: tossing four coins and recording the number of heads 3) Answer: (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) 4) Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: answering a multiple choice question with A, B, C, D and E as the possible answers 4) Answer: (A, B, C, D, E) 5) Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: determining the puppie's gender for a litter of three puppies (Use M for male and F for female.) 5) Answer: (MMM), (MMF), (MFM), (FMM), (MFF), (FMF), (FFM), (FFF) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 6) Which of the following probabilities for the sample points A, B, and C could be true if A, B, and C are the only sample points in an experiment? 6) A) P(A) = 1/ 5 , P(B) = 1/ 8 , P(C) = 1/ 6 B) P(A) = - 1/4, P(B) = 1/2, P(C) = 3/4 C) P(A) = 1/ 9 , P(B) = 1/ 9 , P(C) = 1/ 9 D) P(A) = 0, P(B) = 1/ 15 , P(C) = 14 / 15 Answer: D 7) If A, B, C, and D, are the only possible outcomes of an experiment, find the probability of D using the table below. Outcome A B C D Probability 1/ 14 1/ 14 1/ 14 . 7) A) 11 / 14 B) 1/4 C) 3/ 14 D) 1/ 14 Answer: A 1

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    8) In a 1 - pond bag of skittles the possible colors were red, green, yellow, orange, and purple. The probability of drawing a particular color from that bag is given below. Is this a probability model? Answer Yes or No. Color Probability Red 0.2299 Green 0.1908 Orange 0.2168 Yellow 0.1889 Purple 0.1816 8) A) No B) Yes Answer: B 9) A bag contains 25 wooden beads. The colors of the beads are red, blue, white, green, black, brown, and grey. The probability of randomly selecting a bead of a particular color from the bag is given below. Is this a probability model? Answer yes or No. Color Red Blue White Green Black Brown Grey Probability 0.28 0.24 0.20 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.03 9) A) Yes B) No Answer: B 10) Which of the following cannot be the probability of an event? 10) A) 0 B) 0.001 C) - 61 D) 5 3 Answer: C 11) The probability that event A will occur is P(A) = Number of successful outcomes Number of unsuccessful outcomes 11) A) True B) False Answer: B 12) The probability that event A will occur is P(A) = Number of successful outcomes Total number of all possible outcomes 12) A) False B) True Answer: B 13) In terms of probability, a(n) ___________________ is any process with uncertain results that can be repeated. 13) A) Sample space B) Outcome C) Experiment D) Event Answer: C 14) A(n) _______________ of a probability experiment is the collection of all outcomes possible. 14) A) Prediction set B) Sample space C) Event set D) Bernoulli space Answer: B 2

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    15) True or False: An event is any collection of outcomes from a probability experiment. 15) A) True B) False Answer: A 16) An unusual event is an event that has a 16) A) Probability of 1 B) Probability which exceeds 1 C) A negative probability D) Low probability of occurrence Answer: D 17) The table below represents a random sample of the number of deaths per 100 cases for a certain illness over time. If a person infected with this illness is randomly selected from all infected people, find the probability that the person lives 3 - 4 years after diagnosis. Express your answer as a simplified fraction and as a decimal. Years after Diagnosis Number deaths 1 - 2 15 3 - 4 35 5 - 6 16 7 - 8 9 9 - 10 6 11 - 12 4 13 - 14 2 15 + 13 17) A) 35 65 ; 0.538 B) 35 100 ; 0.35 C) 7 120 ; 0.058 D) 1 35 ; 0.029 Answer: B 18) Recently, the stock market took big swings up and down. A survey of 993 adult investors asked how often they tracked their portfolio. The table shows the investor responses. What is the probability that an adult investor tracks his or her portfolio daily? Express your answer as a simplified fraction and as a decimal rounded to three decimal places. How frequently? Response Daily 236 Weekly 272 Monthly 298 Couple times a year 133 Don't track 54 18) A) 236 993 ; 0.238 B) 298 993 ; 0.3 C) 272 993 ; 0.274 D) 133 993 ; 0.134 Answer: A 3

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    The chart below shows the percentage of people in a questionnaire who bought or leased the listed car models and were very satisfied with the experience. Model A 81% Model B 79% Model C 73% Model D 61% Model E 59% Model F 57% 19) With which model was the greatest percentage satisfied? Estimate the empirical probability that a person with this model is very satisfied with the experience. Express the answer as a fraction with a denominator of 100. 19) A) Model F; 57 100 B) Model F; 0.57 100 C) Model A; 81 100 D) Model A: 0.81 100 Answer: C 20) The empirical probability that a person with a model shown is very satisfied with the experience is 57 100 . What is the model? 20) A) B B) D C) E D) F Answer: D Provide an appropriate response. 21) True or False: The probability of an event E in an empirical experiment may change from experiment to experiment. 21) A) False B) True Answer: B 22) Use the spinner below to answer the question. Assume that it is equally probable that the pointer will land on any one of the five numbered spaces. If the pointer lands on a borderline, spin again. Find the probability that the arrow will land on 3 or 1 . 22) A) 1 3 B) 1 C) 3 D) 2 5 Answer: D 4

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    23) Use the spinner below to answer the question. Assume that it is equally probable that the pointer will land on any one of the five numbered spaces. If the pointer lands on a borderline, spin again. Find the probability that the arrow will land on an odd number. 23) A) 0 B) 3 5 C) 1 D) 2 5 Answer: B 24) You are dealt one card from a standard 52 - card deck. Find the probability of being dealt an ace or a 6 . 24) A) 7 26 B) 13 2 C) 7 D) 2 13 Answer: D 25) A die is rolled. The set of equally likely outcomes is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Find the probability of getting a 3 . 25) A) 1 2 B) 1 6 C) 3 D) 0 Answer: B 26) A die is rolled. The set of equally likely outcomes is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Find the probability of getting a 10 . 26) A) 10 B) 1 C) 10 6 D) 0 Answer: D 27) You are dealt one card from a standard 52 - card deck. Find the probability of being dealt a picture card. 27) A) 3 13 B) 3 52 C) 3 26 D) 1 13 Answer: A 28) A fair coin is tossed two times in succession. The set of equally likely outcomes is {HH, HT, TH, TT}. Find the probability of getting the same outcome on each toss. 28) A) 3 4 B) 1 2 C) 1 D) 1 4 Answer: B 29) A single die is rolled twice. The set of 36 equally likely outcomes is {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}. Find the probability of getting two numbers whose sum is greater than 10 . 29) A) 3 B) 1 12 C) 1 18 D) 5 18 Answer: B 5

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    30) A single die is rolled twice. The set of 36 equally likely outcomes is {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}. Find the probability of getting two numbers whose sum is less than 13. 30) A) 1 B) 0 C) 1 4 D) 1 2 Answer: A 31) A single die is rolled twice. The set of 36 equally likely outcomes is {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}. Find the probability of getting two numbers whose sum is greater than 9 and less than 13. 31) A) 5 36 B) 1 6 C) 0 D) 7 36 Answer: B 32) This problem deals with eye color, an inherited trait. For purposes of this problem, assume that only two eye colors are possible, brown and blue. We use b to represent a blue eye gene and B a brown eye gene. If any B genes are present, the person will have brown eyes. The table shows the four possibilities for the children of two Bb (brown - eyed) parents, where each parent has one of each eye color gene. Second Parent First Parent B b B BB Bb b Bb bb Find the probability that these parents give birth to a child who has blue eyes. 32) A) 1 4 B) 1 C) 0 D) 1 2 Answer: A 33) Three fair coins are tossed in the air and land on a table. The up side of each coin is noted. How many elements are there in the sample space? 33) A) 4 B) 8 C) 3 D) 6 Answer: B 34) The sample space for tossing three fair coins is {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}. What is the probability of exactly two heads? 34) A) 3 8 B) 5 8 C) 1 2 D) 3 Answer: A 35) In the game of roulette in the United States a wheel has 38 slots: 18 slots are black, 18 slots are red, and 2 slots are green. We watched a friend play roulette for two hours. In that time we noted that the wheel was spun 50 times and that out of those 50 spins black came up 22 times. Based on this data, the P(black ) = 22 50 = 0.44. This is an example of what type of probability? 35) A) Observational B) Empirical C) Subjective D) Classical Answer: B 6

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    36) In the game of roulette in the United States a wheel has 38 slots: 18 slots are black, 18 slots are red, and 2 slots are green. The P(Red) = 18 38 Y 0.47. This is an example of what type of probability? 36) A) Classical B) Subjective C) Simulated D) Empirical Answer: A 37) Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability. The probability that it will snow tomorrow is 84 %. 37) A) empirical probability B) subjective probability C) classical probability Answer: B 38) Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability. It is known that the probability of hitting a pothole while driving on a certain road is 1%. 38) A) classical probability B) empirical probability C) subjective probability Answer: B 39) Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability. The probability that cab fares will rise during the winter is 0.05. 39) A) classical probability B) subjective probability C) empirical probability Answer: B 40) Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability. In one state lottery, a person selects a 4 - digit number. The probability of winning this state's lottery is 1 10,000 . 40) A) empirical probability B) subjective probability C) classical probability Answer: C 41) Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability. The probability that a newborn kitten is a male is 1 2 . 41) A) empirical probability B) subjective probability C) classical probability Answer: C 42) The ______________ probability of an outcome is a probability based on personal judgment. 42) A) Empirical B) Conditional C) Subjective D) Classical Answer: C 43) The ______________ probability of an outcome is obtained by dividing the frequency of occurrence of an event by the number of trials of the experiment. 43) A) Empirical B) Classical C) Subjective D) Conditional Answer: A 44) The ______________ probability of an outcome is obtained by dividing the number of ways an event can occur by the number of possible outcomes. 44) A) Classical B) Empirical C) Subjective D) Conditional Answer: A 7

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    SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Solve the problem. 45) (a) Roll a pair of dice 40 times, recording the sum each time. Use your results to approximate the probability of getting a sum of 8. (b) Roll a pair of dice 100 times, recording the sum each time. Use your results to approximate the probability of getting a sum of 8. Compare the results of (a) and (b) to the probability that would be obtained using the classical method. Which answer was closer to the probability that would be obtained using the classical method? Is this what you would expect? 45) Answer: Answers to parts (a) and (b) will vary. Using the classical method, the probability of getting a sum of 8 is 5 36 . In general, as the number of repetitions of a probability experiment increases, the closer the empirical probability should get to the classical probability. 46) (a) Simulate the experiment of sampling 100 four - child families to estimate the probability that a four - child family has three girls. Assume that the outcomes "have a girl" and "have a boy" are equally likely. (b) Simulate the experiment of sampling 1000 four - child families to estimate the probability that a four - child family has three girls. Assume that the outcomes "have a girl" and "have a boy" are equally likely. The classical probability that a four - child family has three girls is 1 4 . Compare the results of (a) and (b) to the probability that would be obtained using the classical method. Which answer was closer to the probability that would be obtained using the classical method? Is this what you would expect? 46) Answer: Answers to parts (a) and (b) will vary. The answer in part (b) is likely to be closer to the classical probability of 1 4 . In general, as the number of repetitions of a probability experiment increases, the closer the empirical probability should get to the classical probability. 8

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    47) (a) Use a graphing calculator or statistical software to simulate drawing a card from a standard deck 100 times (with replacement of the card after each draw). Use an integer distribution with numbers 1 through 4 and use the results of the simulation to estimate the probability of getting a spade when a card is drawn from a standard deck. (b) Simulate drawing a card from a standard deck 400 times (with replacement of the card after each draw). Estimate the probability of getting a spade when a card is drawn from a standard deck. Compare the results of (a) and (b) to the probability that would be obtained using the classical method. Which simulation resulted in the closest estimate to the probability that would be obtained using the classical method? Is this what you would expect? 47) Answer: Answers to parts (a) and (b) will vary. The answer in part (b) is likely to be closer to the classical probability of 1 4 . In general, as the number of repetitions of a probability experiment increases, the closer the empirical probability should get to the classical probability. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 48) A probability experiment is conducted in which the sample space of the experiment is S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15}. Let event A = { 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 } and event B = { 10 , 11 , 12 }. Assume that each outcome is equally likely. List the outcomes in A and B. Are A and B mutually exclusive? 48) A) { 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 10 , 11 , 12 }; no B) { 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 10 , 11 , 12 }; yes C) { }; yes D) { }; no Answer: C 49) The events A and B are mutually exclusive. If P(A) = 0.7 and P(B) = 0.1 , what is P(A or B)? 49) A) 0.07 B) 0 C) 0.6 D) 0.8 Answer: D 50) The table lists the drinking habits of a group of college students. If a student is chosen at random, find the probability of getting someone who is a regular or heavy drinker. Round your answer to three decimal places. Sex Non - drinker Regular Drinker Heavy Drinker Total Man 135 55 5 195 Woman 187 21 9 217 Total 322 76 14 412 50) A) 0.711 B) 0.259 C) 0.155 D) 0.218 Answer: D 51) The table lists the drinking habits of a group of college students. If a student is chosen at random, find the probability of getting someone who is a man or a woman. Round your answer to three decimal places. Sex Non - drinker Regular Drinker Heavy Drinker Total Man 135 59 5 199 Woman 187 21 14 222 Total 322 80 19 421 51) A) 0.917 B) 0.765 C) 0.235 D) 1 Answer: D 9

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    52) The table lists the drinking habits of a group of college students. If a student is chosen at random, find the probability of getting someone who is a non - drinker. Round your answer to three decimal places. Sex Non - drinker Regular Drinker Heavy Drinker Total Man 135 57 5 197 Woman 187 21 13 221 Total 322 78 18 418 52) A) 0.770 B) 0.230 C) 1 D) 0.919 Answer: A 53) The distribution of Bachelor's degrees conferred by a university is listed in the table. Assume that a student majors in only one subject. What is the probability that a randomly selected student with a Bachelor's degree majored in Physics or Philosophy? Round your answer to three decimal places. Major Frequency Physics 228 Philosophy 208 Engineering 86 Business 176 Chemistry 222 53) A) 0.474 B) 0.226 C) 0.526 D) 0.248 Answer: A 54) The distribution of Bachelor's degrees conferred by a university is listed in the table. Assume that a student majors in only one subject. What is the probability that a randomly selected student with a Bachelor's degree majored in Business, Chemistry or Engineering? Round your answer to three decimal places. Major Frequency Physics 216 Philosophy 207 Engineering 86 Business 180 Chemistry 227 54) A) 0.342 B) 0.538 C) 0.462 D) 0.290 Answer: B 55) A card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 playing cards. Find the probability that the card is a picture card . 55) A) 4 13 B) 8 13 C) 1 13 D) 3 13 Answer: D 56) If two events have no outcomes in common they are said to be 56) A) At odds B) Independent C) Disjoint D) Conditional Answer: C 57) True or False: Mutually exclusive events are not disjoint events. 57) A) True B) False Answer: B 10

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    58) The table below shows the probabilities generated by rolling one die 50 times and recording the number rolled. Are the events A = { roll an odd number } and B = {roll a number less than or equal to two} disjoint? Roll 1 2 3 4 5 6 Probability 0.22 0.10 0.18 0.12 0.18 0.20 58) A) No B) Yes Answer: A 59) In the game of craps, two dice are tossed and the up faces are totaled. Is the event getting a total of 9 and one of the dice showing a 6 mutually exclusive? Answer Yes or No. 59) A) Yes B) No Answer: B 60) Using a standard deck of 52 playing cards are the events of getting an ace and getting a jack on the card drawn mutually exclusive? Answer Yes or No. 60) A) No B) Yes Answer: B 61) The below table shows the probabilities generated by rolling one die 50 times and noting the up face. What is the probability of getting an odd up face? Roll 1 2 3 4 5 6 Probability 0.22 0.10 0.18 0.12 0.18 0.20 61) A) 0.50 B) 0.42 C) 0.55 D) 0.58 Answer: D 62) In the game of craps two dice are rolled and the up faces are totaled. If the person rolling the dice on the first roll rolls a 7 or an 11 total they win. If they roll a 2, 3, or 12 on the first roll they lose. If they roll any other total then on subsequent rolls they must roll that total before rolling a 7 to win. What is the probability of winning on the first roll? 62) A) 0.50 B) 0.06 C) 0.22 D) 0.17 Answer: C 63) A probability experiment is conducted in which the sample space of the experiment is S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15}. Let event A = { 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 } and event B = { 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 }. Assume that each outcome is equally likely. List the outcomes in A and B. Are A and B mutually exclusive? 63) A) { 8 , 9 }; yes B) { 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 }; no C) { 8 , 9 }; no D) { 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 }; yes Answer: C 11

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    64) A probability experiment is conducted in which the sample space of the experiment is S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15}. Let event A = { 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 } and event B = { 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 }. Assume that each outcome is equally likely. List the outcomes in A or B. Find P(A or B). 64) A) { 5 , 6 }; 2 15 B) { 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 7 , 8 , 9 }; 3 5 C) { 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 }; 2 5 D) { 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 }; 7 15 Answer: D 65) The events A and B are mutually exclusive. If P(A) = 0.5 and P(B) = 0.4 , what is P(A and B)? 65) A) 0.2 B) 0.5 C) 0.9 D) 0 Answer: D 66) Given that P(A or B) = 1 2 , P(A) = 1 5 , and P(A and B) = 1 8 , find P(B). Express the probability as a simplified fraction. 66) A) 17 40 B) 33 40 C) 3 16 D) 23 40 Answer: A 67) The table lists the drinking habits of a group of college students. If a student is chosen at random, find the probability of getting someone who is a man or a non - drinker. Round your answer to three decimal places. Sex Non - drinker Regular Drinker Heavy Drinker Total Man 135 47 5 187 Woman 187 21 15 223 Total 322 68 20 410 67) A) 0.947 B) 0.942 C) 0.912 D) 0.834 Answer: C 68) The table lists the drinking habits of a group of college students. If a student is chosen at random, find the probability of getting someone who is a woman or a heavy drinker. Round your answer to three decimal places. Sex Non - drinker Regular Drinker Heavy Drinker Total Man 135 69 5 209 Woman 187 21 13 221 Total 322 90 18 430 68) A) 0.526 B) 0.191 C) 0.791 D) 0.921 Answer: A 69) A card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 playing cards. Find the probability that the card is a queen or a club. Express the probability as a simplified fraction. 69) A) 7 52 B) 3 13 C) 2 13 D) 4 13 Answer: D 12

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    70) One hundred people were asked, "Do you favor stronger laws on gun control?" Of the 33 that answered "yes" to the question, 14 were male. Of the 67 that answered "no" to the question, six were male. If one person is selected at random, what is the probability that this person answered "yes" or was a male? Round the the nearest hundredth. 70) A) 0.13 B) 0.39 C) 0.67 D) 0.53 Answer: B 71) The below table shows the probabilities generated by rolling one die 50 times and noting the up face. What is the probability of getting an odd up face and a two or less? Round the the nearest hundredth. Roll 1 2 3 4 5 6 Probability 0.22 0.10 0.18 0.12 0.18 0.20 71) A) 0.90 B) 0.32 C) 0.66 D) 0.68 Answer: D 72) You roll two dice and total the up faces. What is the probability of getting a total of 8 or two up faces that are the same? Round the the nearest hundredth. 72) A) 0.28 B) 0.50 C) 0.31 D) 0.33 Answer: A 73) Consider the data in the table shown which represents the marital status of males and females 18 years or older in the United States in 2003. Determine the probability that a randomly selected U.S. resident 18 years or older is divorced or a male? Round to the nearest hundredth. Males (in millions) Females (in millions) Total (in millions) Never married 28.6 23.3 51.9 Married 62.1 62.8 124.9 Widowed 2.7 11.3 14.0 Divorced 9.0 12.7 21.7 Total (in millions) 102.4 110.1 212.5 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population reports 73) A) 0.54 B) 0.50 C) 0.04 D) 0.58 Answer: A 74) If one card is drawn from a standard 52 card playing deck, determine the probability of getting a ten, a king or a diamond. Round to the nearest hundredth. 74) A) 0.40 B) 0.29 C) 0.37 D) 0.31 Answer: C 75) If one card is drawn from a standard 52 card playing deck, determine the probability of getting a jack, a three, a club or a diamond. Round to the nearest hundredth. 75) A) 0.50 B) 0.15 C) 0.58 D) 0.65 Answer: C 13

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    76) Two dice are rolled. What is the probability of having both faces the same (doubles) or a total of 4 or 10? Round to the nearest hundredth. 76) A) 0.33 B) 0.15 C) 0.28 D) 0.06 Answer: C 77) A probability experiment is conducted in which the sample space of the experiment is S = { 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 }. Let event A = { 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 } . Assume that each outcome is equally likely. List the outcomes in A c . Find P( A c ). 77) A) { 13 , 14 , 15 }; 3 11 B) { 5 , 6 , 7 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 }; 7 11 C) { 5 , 6 , 7 , 13 , 14 , 15 }; 6 11 D) { 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 }; 5 11 Answer: C 78) You are dealt one card from a 52 - card deck. Find the probability that you are not dealt a 2 . Express the probability as a simplified fraction. 78) A) 12 13 B) 1 13 C) 1 10 D) 9 10 Answer: A 79) You are dealt one card from a 52 - card deck. Find the probability that you are not dealt a spade . Express the probability as a simplified fraction. 79) A) 1 4 B) 3 4 C) 4 13 D) 2 5 Answer: B 80) In 5 - card poker, played with a standard 52 - card deck, 2,598,960 different hands are possible. If there are 624 different ways a "four - of - a - kind" can be dealt, find the probability of not being dealt a "four - of - a - kind". Express the probability as a fraction, but do not simplify. 80) A) 2,598,336 2,598,960 B) 1248 2,598,960 C) 625 2,598,960 D) 624 2,598,960 Answer: A 81) A certain disease only affects men 20 years of age or older. The chart shows the probability that a man with the disease falls in the given age group. What is the probability that a randomly selected man with the disease is not between the ages of 55 and 64? Age Group Probability 20 - 24 0.004 25 - 34 0.006 35 - 44 0.14 45 - 54 0.29 55 - 64 0.32 65 - 74 0.17 75 + 0.07 81) A) 0.32 B) 0.29 C) 0.24 D) 0.68 Answer: D 14

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    82) A certain disease only affects men 20 years of age or older. The chart shows the probability that a man with the disease falls in the given age group. What is the probability that a randomly selected man with the disease is between the ages of 35 and 64? Age Group Probability 20 - 24 0.004 25 - 34 0.006 35 - 44 0.14 45 - 54 0.29 55 - 64 0.32 65 - 74 0.17 75 + 0.07 82) A) 0.14 B) 0.32 C) 0.75 D) 0.29 Answer: C 83) The overnight shipping business has skyrocketed in the last ten years. The single greatest predictor of a company's success has been proven time and again to be customer service. A study was conducted to study the customer satisfaction levels for one overnight shipping business. In addition to the customer's satisfaction level, the customers were asked how often they used overnight shipping. The results are shown below in the following table. What is the probability that a respondent did not have a medium level of satisfaction with the company? Round the the nearest hundredth. Frequency of Use High Satisfaction level Medium Low TOTAL < 2 per month 250 140 10 400 2 - 5 per month 140 55 5 200 > 5 per month 70 25 5 100 TOTAL 460 220 20 700 83) A) 0.29 B) 0.71 C) 0.69 D) 0.31 Answer: C 84) A sample of 255 shoppers at a large suburban mall were asked two questions: (1) Did you see a television ad for the sale at department store X during the past 2 weeks? (2) Did you shop at department store X during the past 2 weeks? The responses to the questions are summarized in the table. What is the probability that a randomly selected shopper from the 255 questioned did not shop at department store X? Round the the nearest thousandth. Shopped at X Did Not Shop at X Saw ad 145 20 Did not see ad 20 70 84) A) 0.078 B) 0.647 C) 0.275 D) 0.353 Answer: D 15

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    85) After completing an inventory of three warehouses, a golf club shaft manufacturer described its stock of 12,246 shafts with the percentages given in the table. Suppose a shaft is selected at random from the 12,246 currently in stock, and the warehouse number and type of shaft are observed. Find the probability that the shaft was produced in a warehouse other than warehouse 1. Round the the nearest hundredth. Type of Shaft Regular Stiff Extra Stiff 1 19% 8% 8 % Warehouse 2 14% 13 % 10 % 3 10 % 18% 0% 85) A) 0.43 B) 0.35 C) 0.82 D) 0.65 Answer: D 86) The breakdown of workers in a particular state according to their political affiliation and type of job held is shown here. Suppose a worker is selected at random within the state and the worker's political affiliation and type of job are noted. Find the probability the worker is not an Independent. Round the the nearest hundredth. Political Affiliation Republican Democrat Independent White collar 10 % 17 % 8 % Type of job Blue Collar 14 % 12 % 39 % 86) A) 0.47 B) 0.27 C) 0.26 D) 0.53 Answer: D 87) A local country club has a membership of 600 and operates facilities that include an 18 - hole championship golf course and 12 tennis courts. Before deciding whether to accept new members, the club president would like to know how many members regularly use each facility. A survey of the membership indicates that 60 % regularly use the golf course, 47 % regularly use the tennis courts, and 8 % use neither of these facilities regularly. What percentage of the 600 use at least one of the golf or tennis facilities? 87) A) 92 % B) 15 % C) 99 % D) 8 % Answer: A 88) Fill in the blank. The of an event A is the event that A does not occur. 88) A) Venn diagram B) intersection C) complement D) union Answer: C 16

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    89) The following Venn diagram is for the six sample points possible when rolling a fair die. Let A be the event rolling an even number and let B be the event rolling a number greater than 1. Which of the following events describes the event rolling a 1? 89) A) A 1 B B) A c C) B D) B c Answer: D 90) True or False: P(E) + P( E c ) > 1 90) A) True B) False Answer: B 91) The complement of 4 heads in the toss of 4 coins is 91) A) Three heads B) Exactly one tail C) All tails D) At least one tail Answer: D 92) A game has three outcomes. The probability of a win is 0.4, the probability of tie is 0.5, and the probability of a loss is 0.1. What is the probability of not winning in a single play of the game. 92) A) 0.6 B) 0.33 C) 0.5 D) 0.1 Answer: A Provide an appropriate response. 93) There are 30 chocolates in a box, all identically shaped. There are 11 filled with nuts, 10 filled with caramel, and 9 are solid chocolate. You randomly select one piece, eat it, and then select a second piece. Is this an example of independence? Answer Yes or No. 93) A) Yes B) No Answer: B 94) Numbered disks are placed in a box and one disk is selected at random. There are 6 red disks numbered 1 through 6, and 7 yellow disks numbered 7 through 13. In an experiment a disk is selected, the number and color noted, replaced, and then a second disk is selected. Is this an example of independence? Answer Yes or No. 94) A) Yes B) No Answer: A 17

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    95) After completing an inventory of three warehouses, a golf club shaft manufacturer described its stock of 12, 246 shafts with percentages given in the table. Is the event of selecting a shaft independent of the warehouse? Answer Yes or No. 95) A) Yes B) No Answer: B 96) Two events are __________________ if the occurrence if the occurrence of event E in a probability experiment does not affect the probability of event F in the same experiment. 96) A) independent B) mutually exclusive C) disjoint D) dependent Answer: A 97) Two events are ________________ if the occurrence of event E in a probability experiment changes the probability of event F in the same experiment. 97) A) independent B) disjoint C) dependent D) mutually exclusive Answer: C 98) True or False: Mutually exclusive events are always independent. 98) A) False B) True Answer: A Solve the problem. 99) Suppose that events E and F are independent, P(E) = 0.2 and P(F ) = 0.7 . What is the P(E and F )? 99) A) 0.14 B) 0.9 C) 0.76 D) 0.014 Answer: A 100) A single die is rolled twice. Find the probability of getting a 6 the first time and a 2 the second time. Express the probability as a simplified fraction. 100) A) 1 3 B) 1 12 C) 1 36 D) 1 6 Answer: C 101) You are dealt one card from a 52 card deck. Then the card is replaced in the deck, the deck is shuffled, and you draw again. Find the probability of getting a picture card the first time and a club the second time. Express the probability as a simplified fraction. 101) A) 1 4 B) 3 13 C) 1 13 D) 3 52 Answer: D 102) If you toss a fair coin 8 times, what is the probability of getting all heads? Express the probability as a simplified fraction. 102) A) 1 512 B) 1 256 C) 1 2 D) 1 128 Answer: B 18

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    103) A human gene carries a certain disease from the mother to the child with a probability rate of 48 %. That is, there is a 48 % chance that the child becomes infected with the disease. Suppose a female carrier of the gene has four children. Assume that the infections of the four children are independent of one another. Find the probability that all four of the children get the disease from their mother. Round to the nearest thousandth. 103) A) 0.053 B) 0.067 C) 0.947 D) 0.073 Answer: A 104) A machine has four components, A, B, C, and D, set up in such a manner that all four parts must work for the machine to work properly. Assume the probability of one part working does not depend on the functionality of any of the other parts. Also assume that the probabilities of the individual parts working are P(A) = P(B) = 0.99 , P(C) = 0.94 , and P(D) = 0.93 . Find the probability that the machine works properly. Round to the nearest ten - thousandth. 104) A) 0.9213 B) 0.8568 C) 0.8655 D) 0.1432 Answer: B 105) Suppose a basketball player is an excellent free throw shooter and makes 90 % of his free throws (i.e., he has a 90 % chance of making a single free throw). Assume that free throw shots are independent of one another. Suppose this player gets to shoot three free throws. Find the probability that he misses all three consecutive free throws. Round to the nearest ten - thousandth. 105) A) 0.001 B) 0.999 C) 0.729 D) 0.271 Answer: A 106) What is the probability that in three consecutive rolls of two fair dice, a person gets a total of 7, followed by a total of 11, followed by a total of 7? Round to the nearest ten - thousandth. 106) A) 0.2876 B) 0.0012 C) 0.0015 D) 0.1667 Answer: C 107) A bag contains 10 white, 12 blue, 13 red, 7 yellow, and 8 green wooded balls. A ball is selected from the bag, its color noted, then replaced. You then draw a second ball, note its color and then replace the ball. What is the probability of selecting 2 red balls? Round to the nearest ten - thousandth. 107) A) 0.2600 B) 0.0676 C) 0.0624 D) 0.5200 Answer: B 108) A bag contains 10 white, 12 blue, 13 red, 7 yellow, and 8 green wooded balls. A ball is selected from the bag, its color noted, then replaced. You then draw a second ball, note its color and then replace the ball. What is the probability of selecting one white ball and one blue ball? Round to the nearest ten - thousandth. 108) A) 0.0088 B) 0.4400 C) 0.0480 D) 0.2200 Answer: C Provide an appropriate response. 109) A human gene carries a certain disease from the mother to the child with a probability rate of 30 %. That is, there is a 30 % chance that the child becomes infected with the disease. Suppose a female carrier of the gene has five children. Assume that the infections of the five children are independent of one another. Find the probability that at least one of the children get the disease from their mother. Round to the nearest thousandth. 109) A) 0.832 B) 0.168 C) 0.072 D) 0.36 Answer: A 19

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    110) A machine has four components, A, B, C, and D, set up in such a manner that all four parts must work for the machine to work properly. Assume the probability of one part working does not depend on the functionality of any of the other parts. Also assume that the probabilities of the individual parts working are P(A) = P(B) = 0.94 , P(C) = 0.93 , and P(D) = 0.96 . Find the probability that at least one of the four parts will work. Round to six decimal places. 110) A) 0.788878 B) 0.00001 C) 0.211122 D) 0.99999 Answer: D 111) Investing is a game of chance. Suppose there is a 39 % chance that a risky stock investment will end up in a total loss of your investment. Because the rewards are so high, you decide to invest in three independent risky stocks. Find the probability that at least one of your three investments becomes a total loss. Round to the nearest ten - thousandth when necessary. 111) A) 0.773 B) 0.0593 C) 0.1451 D) 0.4353 Answer: A 112) Find the probability that of 25 randomly selected students, at least two share the same birthday. Round to the nearest thousandth. 112) A) 0.432 B) 0.569 C) 0.995 D) 0.068 Answer: B 113) Two companies, A and B, package and market a chemical substance and claim 0.15 of the total weight of the substance is sodium. However, a careful survey of 4,000 packages (half from each company) indicates that the proportion varies around 0.15, with the results shown below. Find the percentage of all chemical B packages that contain a sodium total weight proportion above 0.150. Proportion of Sodium < 0.100 0.100 - 0.149 0.150 - 0.199 > 0.200 A 25% 10% 10% 5% Chemcal Brand B 5% 5% 10% 30% 113) A) 40% B) 55% C) 50% D) 80% Answer: D 114) Find the probability that of 25 randomly selected students, no two share the same birthday. 114) A) 0.431 B) 0.569 C) 0.068 D) 0.995 Answer: A 115) The probability that a region prone to hurricanes will be hit by a hurricane in any single year is 1 10 . What is the probability of a hurricane at least once in the next 5 years? 115) A) 0.00001 B) 0.99999 C) 0.40951 D) 1 2 Answer: C 116) Investment in new issues (the stock of newly formed companies) can be both suicidal and rewarding. Suppose that of 400 newly formed companies in 2010, only 14 appeared to have outstanding prospects. Suppose that you had selected two of these 400 companies back in 2010. Find the probability that at least one of your companies had outstanding prospects. 116) A) 0.0688596 B) 0.9311404 C) 0.0338596 D) 0.2782456 Answer: A 20

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    117) You toss a fair coin 5 times. What is the probability of at least one head? Round to the nearest ten - thousandth. 117) A) 0.0313 B) 0.7500 C) 0.9688 D) 0.5000 Answer: C 118) You are playing roulette at a casino in the United States. The wheel has 18 red slots, 18 black slots, and two green slots. In 4 spins of the wheel what is the probability of at least one red? Round to the nearest ten - thousandth. 118) A) 0.0625 B) 0.9048 C) 0.0953 D) 0.9375 Answer: B Find the indicated probability. If necessary, round to three decimal places. 119) Suppose that E and F are two events and that P(E and F) = 0.32 and P(E) = 0.8 . What is P( F E)? 119) A) 1.12 B) 0.4 C) 2.5 D) 0.256 Answer: B 120) Suppose that E and F are two events and that N(E and F) = 290 and N(E) = 650 . What is P( F E)? 120) A) 0.446 B) 0.045 C) 0.309 D) 2.241 Answer: A 121) Suppose that E and F are two events and that P(E) = 0.2 and P( F E) = 0.3 . What is P(E and F)? 121) A) 0.06 B) 0.667 C) 0.5 D) 0.006 Answer: A Find the indicated probability. Give your answer as a simplified fraction. 122) The overnight shipping business has skyrocketed in the last ten years. The single greatest predictor of a company's success has been proven time and again to be customer service. A study was conducted to study the customer satisfaction levels for one overnight shipping business. In addition to the customer's satisfaction level, the customers were asked how often they used overnight shipping. The results are shown below in the following table. A customer is chosen at random. Given that the customer uses the company two to five times per month, what is the probability that they expressed high satisfaction with the company? Frequency of Use High Satisfaction level Medium Low TOTAL < 2 per month 250 140 10 400 2 - 5 per month 140 55 5 200 > 5 per month 70 25 5 100 TOTAL 460 220 20 700 122) A) 7 23 B) 26 35 C) 7 10 D) 1 5 Answer: C 21

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    123) The managers of a corporation were surveyed to determine the background that leads to a successful manager. Each manager was rated as being either a good, fair, or poor manager by his/her boss. The manager's educational background was also noted. The data appear below. Given that a manager is only a fair manager, what is the probability that this manager has no college background? Educational Background Manager Rating H. S. Degree Some College College Degree Master's or Ph.D. Totals Good 2 1 24 12 39 Fair 5 14 49 19 87 Poor 3 4 8 19 34 Totals 10 19 81 50 160 123) A) 23 40 B) 1 32 C) 1 2 D) 5 87 Answer: D 124) The managers of a corporation were surveyed to determine the background that leads to a successful manager. Each manager was rated as being either a good, fair, or poor manager by his/her boss. The manager's educational background was also noted. The data appear below. Given that a manager is only a fair manager, what is the probability that this manager has a college degree? Educational Background Manager Rating H. S. Degree Some College College Degree Master's or Ph.D. Totals Good 2 6 28 3 39 Fair 1 15 42 29 87 Poor 4 9 7 14 34 Totals 7 30 77 46 160 124) A) 77 160 B) 77 87 C) 21 80 D) 14 29 Answer: D 125) The managers of a corporation were surveyed to determine the background that leads to a successful manager. Each manager was rated as being either a good, fair, or poor manager by his/her boss. The manager's educational background was also noted. The data appear below. Given that a manager is a good manager, what is the probability that this manager has some college background? Educational Background Manager Rating H. S. Degree Some College College Degree Master's or Ph.D. Totals Good 3 5 24 7 39 Fair 6 12 43 26 87 Poor 9 1 2 22 34 Totals 18 18 69 55 160 125) A) 8 13 B) 5 39 C) 1 32 D) 5 18 Answer: B 22

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    126) A study was recently done that emphasized the problem we all face with drinking and driving. Four hundred accidents that occurred on a Saturday night were analyzed. Two items noted were the number of vehicles involved and whether alcohol played a role in the accident. The numbers are shown below. Given that an accident involved multiple vehicles, what is the probability that it involved alcohol? Number of Vehicles Involved Did Alcohol Play a Role? 1 2 3 or more Totals Yes 55 96 19 170 No 30 171 29 230 Totals 85 267 48 400 126) A) 19 48 B) 19 400 C) 23 80 D) 23 63 Answer: D 127) A researcher at a large university wanted to investigate if a student's seat preference was related in any way to the gender of the student. The researcher divided the lecture room into three sections (1 - front, middle of the room, 2 - front, sides of the classroom, and 3 - back of the classroom, both middle and sides) and noted where his students sat on a particular day of the class. The researcher's summary table is provided below. Suppose a person sitting in the front, middle portion of the class is randomly selected to answer a question. Find the probability the person selected is a female. Area (1) Area (2) Area (3) Total Males 20 5 8 33 Females 13 10 16 39 Total 33 15 24 72 127) A) 11 13 B) 13 72 C) 1 3 D) 13 33 Answer: D 128) The manager of a used car lot took inventory of the automobiles on his lot and constructed the following table based on the age of his car and its make (foreign or domestic). A car was randomly selected from the lot. Given that the car selected was a foreign car, what is the probability that it was older than 2 years? Age of Car (in years) Make 0 - 2 3 - 5 6 - 10 over 10 Total Foreign 42 22 14 22 100 Domestic 45 21 13 21 100 Total 87 43 27 43 200 128) A) 58 113 B) 29 50 C) 21 50 D) 42 113 Answer: B 23

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    129) The manager of a used car lot took inventory of the automobiles on his lot and constructed the following table based on the age of his car and its make (foreign or domestic). A car was randomly selected from the lot. Given that the car selected was a domestic car, what is the probability that it was older than 2 years? Age of Car (in years) Make 0 - 2 3 - 5 6 - 10 over 10 Total Foreign 44 22 10 24 100 Domestic 40 24 12 24 100 Total 84 46 22 48 200 129) A) 3 5 B) 21 50 C) 1 5 D) 10 21 Answer: A 130) The manager of a used car lot took inventory of the automobiles on his lot and constructed the following table based on the age of his car and its make (foreign or domestic). Age of Car (in years) Make 0 - 2 3 - 5 6 - 10 over 10 Total Foreign 43 20 15 22 100 Domestic 45 26 11 18 100 Total 88 46 26 40 200 A car was randomly selected from the lot. Given that the car selected is older than two years old, find the probability that it is not a foreign car. 130) A) 57 112 B) 57 100 C) 11 20 D) 55 112 Answer: D Find the indicated probability. Give your answer as a decimal rounded to the nearest thousandth. 131) A fast - food restaurant chain with 700 outlets in the United States describes the geographic location of its restaurants with the accompanying table of percentages. A restaurant is to be chosen at random from the 700 to test market a new style of chicken. Given that the restaurant is located in the eastern United States, what is the probability it is located in a city with a population of at least 10,000? Region NE SE SW NW < 10,000 2 % 6% 3% 0% Population of City 10,000 - 100,000 15% 4 % 12% 5% > 100,000 20% 4% 6 % 23 % 131) A) 0.843 B) 0.43 C) 0.157 D) 0.483 Answer: A 24

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    132) After completing an inventory of three warehouses, a golf club shaft manufacturer described its stock of 12,246 shafts with the percentages given in the table. Suppose a shaft is selected at random from the 12,246 currently in stock, and the warehouse number and type of shaft are observed. Given that the shaft is produced in warehouse 2, find the probability it has an extra stiff shaft. Type of Shaft Regular Stiff Extra Stiff 1 19% 8% 6 % Warehouse 2 14% 4 % 13 % 3 18 % 18% 0% 132) A) 0.351 B) 0.37 C) 0.419 D) 0.684 Answer: C 133) The breakdown of workers in a particular state according to their political affiliation and type of job held is shown here. Suppose a worker is selected at random within the state and the worker's political affiliation and type of job are noted. Given the worker is a Democrat, what is the probability that the worker is in a white collar job. Political Affiliation Republican Democrat Independent White collar 17 % 11 % 14 % Type of job Blue Collar 5 % 15 % 38 % 133) A) 0.456 B) 0.423 C) 0.193 D) 0.262 Answer: B 134) A local country club has a membership of 600 and operates facilities that include an 18 - hole championship golf course and 12 tennis courts. Before deciding whether to accept new members, the club president would like to know how many members regularly use each facility. A survey of the membership indicates that 69 % regularly use the golf course, 41 % regularly use the tennis courts, and 4 % use neither of these facilities regularly. Given that a randomly selected member uses the tennis courts regularly, find the probability that they also use the golf course regularly. 134) A) 0.341 B) 0.146 C) 0.203 D) 0.127 Answer: A Provide an appropriate response. 135) The conditional probability of event G, given the knowledge that event H has occurred, would be written as . 135) A) P(G) B) P(G|H) C) P(H) D) P(H|G) Answer: B 136) Computing the probability of the event "drawing a second red ball from a bag of colored balls after having kept the red ball that was drawn first from the bag" is an example of 136) A) conditional probability. B) mutual exclusiveness. C) independence of events. D) disjoint events. Answer: A 137) True or False: Conditional probabilities leave the sample space the same when considering sequential events. 137) A) False B) True Answer: A 25

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    138) Numbered disks are placed in a box and one disk is selected at random. If there are 6 red disks numbered 1 through 6, and 4 yellow disks numbered 7 through 10 , find the probability of selecting a yellow disk, given that the number selected is less than or equal to 3 or greater than or equal to 8 . 138) A) 3 10 B) 3 4 C) 1 2 D) 3 5 Answer: C Provide an appropriate response. Express your answer as a simplified fraction unless otherwise noted. 139) There are 39 chocolates in a box, all identically shaped. There 16 are filled with nuts, 13 with caramel, and 10 are solid chocolate. You randomly select one piece, eat it, and then select a second piece. Find the probability of selecting 2 solid chocolates in a row. 139) A) 100 1521 B) 15 247 C) 10 169 D) 5 741 Answer: B 140) There are 39 chocolates in a box, all identically shaped. There 15 are filled with nuts, 10 with caramel, and 14 are solid chocolate. You randomly select one piece, eat it, and then select a second piece. Find the probability of selecting 2 nut candies. 140) A) 7 741 B) 70 507 C) 25 169 D) 35 247 Answer: D 141) There are 40 chocolates in a box, all identically shaped. There 15 are filled with nuts, 16 with caramel, and 9 are solid chocolate. You randomly select one piece, eat it, and then select a second piece. Find the probability of selecting a solid chocolate candy followed by a nut candy. 141) A) 3 520 B) 63 800 C) 9 104 D) 27 320 Answer: C 142) Consider a political discussion group consisting of 8 Democrats, 4 Republicans, and 7 Independents. Suppose that two group members are randomly selected, in succession, to attend a political convention. Find the probability of selecting an Independent and then a Democrat. 142) A) 56 361 B) 28 171 C) 7 342 D) 4 171 Answer: B 143) Consider a political discussion group consisting of 3 Democrats, 4 Republicans, and 8 Independents. Suppose that two group members are randomly selected, in succession, to attend a political convention. Find the probability of selecting an Independent and then a Republican. 143) A) 4 105 B) 32 225 C) 1 70 D) 16 105 Answer: D 144) An ice chest contains 7 cans of apple juice, 5 cans of grape juice, 9 cans of orange juice, and 2 cans of pineapple juice. Suppose that you reach into the container and randomly select three cans in succession. Find the probability of selecting no grape juice. 144) A) 10 1771 B) 816 1771 C) 972 1771 D) 4896 12167 Answer: B 26

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    145) Numbered disks are placed in a box and one disk is selected at random. If there are 6 red disks numbered 1 through 6 , and 2 yellow disks numbered 7 through 8 , find the probability of selecting a disk numbered 3, given that a red disk is selected. 145) A) 1 8 B) 1 6 C) 1 4 D) 3 4 Answer: B 146) Numbered disks are placed in a box and one disk is selected at random. If there are 6 red disks numbered 1 through 6 , and 2 yellow disks numbered 7 through 8 , find the probability of selecting a red disk, given that an odd - numbered disk is selected. 146) A) 3 4 B) 1 8 C) 3 8 D) 1 4 Answer: A 147) A group of students were asked if they carry a n ATM card The responses are listed in the table. If a student is selected at random, find the probability that he or she owns an ATM card given that the student is a freshman. Round your answer to three decimal places. Round your answer to the nearest thousandth. Class ATM Card Carrier Not an ATM Card Carrier Total Freshman 41 19 60 Sophomore 16 24 40 Total 57 43 100 147) A) 0.317 B) 0.410 C) 0.719 D) 0.683 Answer: D 148) Four employees drive to work in the same car. The workers claim they were late to work because of a flat tire. Their managers ask the workers to identify the tire that went flat; front driver's side, front passenger's side, rear driver's side, or rear passenger's side. If the workers didn't really have a flat tire and each randomly selects a tire, what is the probability that all four workers select the same tire? 148) A) 1 8 B) 1 256 C) 1 64 D) 1 4 Answer: C 149) Find the probability that of 25 randomly selected housewives, no two share the same birthday. Round your answer to the nearest thousandth. 149) A) 0.068 B) 0.995 C) 0.569 D) 0.431 Answer: D 27

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    150) A fast - food restaurant chain with 700 outlets in the United States describes the geographic location of its restaurants with the accompanying table of percentages. A restaurant is to be chosen at random from the 700 to test market a new style of chicken. Given that the restaurant is located in the eastern United States, what is the probability it is located in a city with a population of at least 10,000? Round your answer to the nearest thousandth. Region NE SE SW NW < 10,000 2 % 6% 3% 0% Population of City 10,000 - 100,000 15% 1 % 12% 5% > 100,000 20% 4% 4 % 28 % 150) A) 0.167 B) 0.4 C) 0.449 D) 0.833 Answer: D 151) After completing an inventory of three warehouses, a golf club shaft manufacturer described its stock of 12,246 shafts with the percentages given in the table. Suppose a shaft is selected at random from the 12,246 currently in stock, and the warehouse number and type of shaft are observed. Given that the shaft is produced in warehouse 2, find the probability it has an extra stiff shaft. Round your answer to the nearest thousandth. Type of Shaft Regular Stiff Extra Stiff 1 19% 8% 5 % Warehouse 2 14% 8 % 15 % 3 13 % 18% 0% 151) A) 0.357 B) 0.42 C) 0.75 D) 0.405 Answer: D 152) A bag contains 10 white, 12 blue, 13 red, 7 yellow, and 8 green wooded balls. A ball is selected from the bag and kept. You then draw a second ball and keep it also. What is the probability of selecting one white ball and one blue ball? Round your answer to four decimal places. 152) A) 0.0088 B) 0.0480 C) 0.0090 D) 0.0490 Answer: D 153) A bag contains 10 white, 12 blue, 13 red, 7 yellow, and 8 green wooded balls. A ball is selected from the bag and kept. You then draw a second ball and keep it also. What is the probability of selecting two blue balls? Round your answer to four decimal places. 153) A) 0.0588 B) 0.0528 C) 0.0539 D) 0.0576 Answer: C 154) Five cards are randomly selected without replacement from a standard deck of 52 playing cards. What is the probability of getting 5 hearts? Round your answer to four decimal places. 154) A) 0.0004 B) 0.0010 C) 0.0012 D) 0.0005 Answer: D 28

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    155) CampusFest is a student festival where local businesses come on campus to sell their goods to students at vastly reduced prices. As part of a give - away promotion, a local cellular phone company gave away 400 cellular phones to students who signed up for their calling service. Unbeknownst to the company is that 50 of these cellular phones were faulty and will cause a small explosion when dialed outside the local calling area. Suppose you and your roommate each received one of the giveaway phones. Find the probability that both of you received faulty phones. Round to five decimal places when necessary. 155) A) 0.25 B) 0.01535 C) 0.01563 D) 0.10965 Answer: B 156) A county welfare agency employs 26 welfare workers who interview prospective food stamp recipients. Periodically, the supervisor selects, at random, the forms completed by two workers to audit for illegal deductions. Unknown to the supervisor, nine of the workers have regularly been giving illegal deductions to applicants. Given that the first worker chosen has not been giving illegal deductions, what is the probability that the second worker chosen has been giving illegal deductions? Round to the nearest thousandth. 156) A) 0.308 B) 0.36 C) 0.346 D) 0.32 Answer: B 157) A county welfare agency employs 39 welfare workers who interview prospective food stamp recipients. Periodically, the supervisor selects, at random, the forms completed by two workers to audit for illegal deductions. Unknown to the supervisor, nine of the workers have regularly been giving illegal deductions to applicants. What is the probability both workers chosen have been giving illegal deductions? Round to the nearest thousandth. 157) A) 0.053 B) 0.055 C) 0.047 D) 0.049 Answer: D 158) True or False: If A and B are independent events, then A and B are mutually exclusive also. 158) A) False B) True Answer: A 159) True or False: Two events, A and B, are independent if P(A and B) = P(A) · P(B). 159) A) True B) False Answer: A 160) Assume that P(A) = 0.7 and P(B) = 0.2. If A and B are independent, find P(A and B). 160) A) 0.76 B) 0.14 C) 1.00 D) 0.90 Answer: B 161) If P(A) = 0.45, P(B) = 0.25, and P(B|A) = 0.45, are A and B independent? 161) A) cannot determine B) no C) yes Answer: B 162) If P(A) = 0.72, P(B) = 0.11, and A and B are independent, find P(A|B). 162) A) 0.11 B) 0.83 C) 0.72 D) 0.0792 Answer: C 163) Assume that P(E) = 0.15 and P(F) = 0.48. If E and F are independent, find P(E and F). 163) A) 0.072 B) 0.630 C) 0.558 D) 0.15 Answer: A 29

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    164) If two events A and B are __________, then P(A and B) = P(A) P(B). 164) A) independent B) mutually exclusive C) complements D) simple events Answer: A 165) True or False: For two events A and B, suppose P(A) = 0.35, P(B) = 0.65, and P( B|A) = 0.35. Then A and B are independent. 165) A) False B) True Answer: A 166) True or False: For two events A and B, suppose P(A) = 0.1, P(B) = 0.8, and P(A| B) = 0.1. Then A and B are independent. 166) A) True B) False Answer: A 167) Given that events A and B are mutually exclusive and P(A) = 0.5 and P(B) = 0.7, a re A and B independent? 167) A) cannot be determined B) no C) yes Answer: B 168) Given that events C and D are independent, P(C) = 0.3, and P(D) = 0.6, are C and D mutually exclusive? 168) A) cannot be determined B) no C) yes Answer: B 169) Given events A and B with probabilities P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.4, and P(A and B) = 0.2, are A and B independent? 169) A) cannot be determined B) no C) yes Answer: C 170) Given events C and D with probabilities P(C) = 0.3, P(D) = 0.2, and P(C and D) = 0.1, are C and D independent? 170) A) yes B) cannot be determined C) no Answer: C 171) Given events A and B with probabilities P(A) = 0.75 and P(B) = 0.15, are A and B mutually exclusive? 171) A) cannot be determined B) yes C) no Answer: A Evaluate the factorial expression. 172) 8 ! 6 ! 172) A) 56 B) 8 6 C) 8 D) 2! Answer: A 30

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