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Statistics For Management And Economics, 9th Edition Solution Manual

Statistics For Management And Economics, 9th Edition Solution Manual helps you grasp fundamental concepts with detailed textbook-based explanations.

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    TABLE OF CONTENTS How the Solutions Were Produced 1 Chapter 1: What is Statistics? 3 Chapter 2: Graphical Descriptive Techniques I 5 Chapter 3: Graphical Descriptive Techniques II 37 Chapter 4: Numerical Descriptive Techniques 105 Chapter 5: Data Collection and Sampling 153 Chapter 6: Probability 157 Chapter 7: Random Variables and Discrete Probability Distributions 187 Chapter 8: Continuous Probability Distributions 215 Chapter 9: Sampling Distributions 229 Chapter 10: Introduction to Estimation 239 Chapter 11: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing 247 Chapter 12: Inference about One Population 269 Chapter 13: Inference about Two Populations 313 Appendix 13 Review of Chapters 12 and 13 375 Chapter 1 4 : Analysis of Variance 393 Appendix 1 4 Review o f chapters 1 2 to 14 483 Chapter 1 5 : Chi - Squared Tests 457 Appendix 15 Review of Chapters 12 to 15 493 Chapter 1 6 Simple Linear Regression 509 Appendix 16 Review of Chapters 12 to 16 565 Chapter 1 7 : Multiple Regression 593 Appendix 17 Review of Chapters 12 to 17 649 Chapter 1 8 : Model Building 671 Chapter 19 : Nonparametric Statistical Techniques 707 Appendix 19 Review of Chapters 12 to 19 761 Chapter 20 Time - Series Analysis and Forecasting 793 Chapter 2 1 Statistical Process Control 815 Chapter 2 2 : Decision Analysis 843

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    1 How the Solutions Were Produced All answers have been - double - checked for accuracy. However, we cannot be absolutely certain that there are no errors. When and if we discover mistakes we will post corrected answers on our web page. If you find any errors, please email the author (address on web page). We will be happy to acknowledge you with the discovery . Chapter s 2 and 3 Excel was employed to draw the histograms, bar charts, pie charts, line charts, and scatter diagrams . Chapter 4 Excel was used to draw box plots and compute the descriptive statistics for exercises with data sets. Chapters 6 through 9 Probabilities were computed manually. Probability trees were used where possible. Chapters 10 through 19 and 21 Calculations for exercises that provided statistics either in the exercise itself or in Appendix A were completed manually. The solutions to exercises requiring the use of a computer were produced using Excel. Confidence interval estimates used critical values obtained from the tables in Appendix B. In some cases we were required to use approximations. As a consequence some confidence interval estimates will differ slightly from those produced by computer. In tests of hypothesis where the sampling distribution is normal, p - value s were computed manually using Table 3. Excel w as employed to calculate the p - value for all other tests . Chapters 13, and Appendixes 13 to 17, and 19 W e employed the F - test of two variances at the 5% significance level to decide which one of the equal - variances or unequal - variances t - test and estimator of the difference between two means to use to solve the problem. Additionally, for exercises that compare two populations and are accompanied by data files, our

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    2 answers were derived by defining the sample from population 1 as the data stored in the first column (often column A in Excel and column 1 in Minitab). The data stored in the second column represent the sample from population 2. Paired differences were defined as the difference between the variable in the first column minus the variable in the second column. Chapter 19 and Appendix 19 In the exercises whose datasets contained interval data we used a nonparametric technique after examining the relevant histograms and subjectively judging the variable to be “extremely nonnormal.” Chapters 17 and 18 Excel produced all the solutions to these exercises. Chapter 2 0 Most solutions were produced manually. Excel solved the more time - consuming exercises. Chapter 2 1 All control charts were produced by Excel. Chapter 2 2 Solutions to these exercises were completed manually.

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    3 Chapter 1 1.2 Descriptive statistics summarizes a set of data. Inferential statistics makes inferences about populations from samples. 1.3a The political choices of the 25,000 registered voters b The political choices of the 200 voters interviewed c Statistic 1.4a The complete production run b 1000 chips c Proportion of the production run that is defective d Proportion of sample chips that are defective (7.5%) e Parameter f Statistic g Because the sample proportion is less than 10%, we can conclude that the claim is true. 1.5 Survey graduates of your major as well as others and ask each person to report his or her highest starting salary offer. Use statistical techniques to compare results. 1.6 a Flip the coin 100 times and count the number of heads and tails b Outcomes of flips c Outcomes of the 100 flips d Proportion of heads e Proportion of heads in the 100 flips 1.8a The population consists of the fuel mileage of all the taxis in the fleet. b The owner would like to know the mean mileage. c The sample consists of the 50 observations. d The statistic the owner would use is the mean of the 50 observations. e The statistic would be used to estimate the parameter from which the owner can calculate total costs. We computed the sample mean to be 19.8 mpg.

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    5 Chapter 2 2.1 Nominal: Occupation, undergraduate major. Ordinal: Rating of university professor, Taste test ratings. Interval: age, income 2.2 a Interval b Interval c Nominal d Ordinal 2.3 a Interval b Nominal c Ordinal d Interval e Interval 2.4 a Nominal b Interval c Nominal d Interval e Ordinal 2.5 a Interval b Interval c Nominal d Interval e Nominal 2.6 a Interval b Interval c Nominal d Ordinal e Interval 2.7 a Interval b Nominal c. Nominal

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    6 d Interval e Interval f Ordinal 2.8 a Interval b Ordinal c Nominal d Ordinal 2.9 a Interval b Nominal c Nominal 2.10 a Ordinal b Ordinal c Ordinal 2.11 0 50,000,000,000 100,000,000,000 150,000,000,000 200,000,000,000 250,000,000,000 300,000,000,000

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    7 2.12 Brazil, 1% Canada, 14% China, 1% Iran, 11% Iraq, 9% Kazakhstan, 2% Kuwait, 8% Libya, 4% Nigeria, 3% Qatar, 1% Russia, 5% Saudi Arabia, 22% United Arab Emirates, 8% United States, 2% Venezuela, 8% 2. 13 0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000

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    8 2.14 Gasoline 51% Distillate fuel oil 15% Jet fuel 13% Still gas 5% Marketable coke 5% Residual fuel oil 3% Liquified refinery gas 3% Asphalt and road oil 2% Lubricants 1% Other 2% 2.15 Coal 48.0% Oil 28.8% Natural gas 17.6% Nuclear 0.0% Hydroelectric 1.2% Biomass 4.1% Other 0.3%

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    9 2. 16 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 2. 17 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Belgium Brazil Canada China France Germany India Iran Italy Japan Mexico Poland Russia South Korea Spain Taiwan Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom United States

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    10 2.18 Paper and paperboard, 34% Glass, 5% Metals, 8% Plastics, 12% Rubber and leather, 3% Textiles, 5% Wood, 5% Food scraps, 12% Yard trimmings, 13% Other, 3% 2.19 Residential Recycled Plastic, 1% Recycled Glass, 3% Recycled Paper, 14% Recycled Metal, 1% Recycled Organic/Food, 7% Recycled Organic/ Yard, 10% Recycled Other, 4% Disposed Plastic, 7% Discposed Paper, 12% Disposed Metal, 2% Disposed Organic, 23% Disposed Other, 17%

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    11 Non - Residential Recycled Glass , 1% Recycled Paper, 11% Recycled Metal, 3% Recycled Organic, 1% Recycled Construction/Dem olition, 1% Recycled Other, 1% Disposed Plastic, 10% Disposed Glass, 3% Disposed Paper, 31% Disposed Metal, 8% Disposed Organic, 18% Disposed Construction/Dem olition, 7% Disposed Other, 6% 2. 20 a. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

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    12 b. Algeria 5% Angola 6% Canada 22% Iraq 6% Kuwait 2% Mexico 16% Nigeria 12% Saudi Arabia 17% United Kingdom 1% Venezuela 13% The bar chart provides the frequencies and the pie chart displays the relative frequencies. 2. 21 Males 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 Under 18 18 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 45 45 - 64

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    13 Females 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 Under 18 18 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 45 45 - 64 2.22 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Four tickets Parking Two ball caps Two beers Two drinks Four hot dogs NFL CFL

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    14 2.23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2.24 Buy something 40% Pay down debt 27% Invest 19% Pay medical bills 6% Save 5% Other 3%

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    15 2.25 Home improvement 13% Appliances 3% Automobles 3% Clothing 8% Electronics 8% Furniture 3% Gas 19% Spa/salon time 3% Groceries 23% Vacation 11% Impulse 4% Down payment house 2% 2.26 Location 39% Majors 22% Academic reputation 10% Career focus 16% Community 5% Number of students 8%

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