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AP Biology: With 2 Practice Tests, 7th Edition (2020)

AP Biology: With 2 Practice Tests, 7th Edition (2020) helps bridge knowledge gaps by providing targeted exam questions with solutions.

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    The Trusted Name in Test Prep Biol 4 i i B For 2020 & 2021 I< dGE or exams LIN S40 HB Comprehensive content review ¥/ \¥ 1 p & 7s Deborah T. Goldberg, M.S. 0 hE, Py J § 1" id ul AP? is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not A x A k involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. ~_\ & Bs fA StudyXY PS mn WEN di sw cdl

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    Downloaded from StudyXY.com ® + StudyXY Sd Ye. o> \ | iF ’ pr E \ 3 S Stu dy Anything This ContentHas been Posted On StudyXY.com as supplementary learning material. StudyXY does not endrose any university, college or publisher. Allmaterials posted are under the liability of the contributors. wv 8) www.studyxy.com

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    WITH 2 PRACTICE TESTS SEVENTH EDITION Deborah T. Goldberg, M.S. Former AP Biology Teacher Lawrence High School Cedarhurst, New York AP® is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

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    About the Author Deborah Goldberg is passionate about Biology. She earned her B.S. and M.S. degrees in Biology at Long Island University. For fourteen years, she did cell research at NYU Medical Center and New York Medical College. For the following twenty-two years, she taught Biology, Chemistry, and Forensic Science at Lawrence High School in Cedarhurst, New York.

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    Dedication I dedicate this book to my children, Michael and Sara Boilen, and to my husband, Howard Blue.

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    Acknowledgments I wish to thank— —My husband, Howard Blue, for his constant love and support —My sister, Rachel, for her mastery of the English language and her eagerness to share it —Samantha Karasik, my editor, for her expert guidance —My students at Lawrence High School on Long Island, New York, who made teaching the best job in the world —Evaluators, who made some great recommendations —Stephen Traphagen, for his expert advice, suggestions, and feedback throughout this revision

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    © Copyright 2020, 2017, 2015, 2013, 2010, 2007 by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series. Previous edition © Copyright 2004 by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron's Educational Series under the title How to Prepare for AP Biology. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this eBook on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher. Published by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series 750 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 www.barronseduc.com ISBN: 978-1-5062-6945-0 10987654321 + StudyXY

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    Contents Barron’s Essential 5 PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1 About the AP Biology Exam What's in This Updated Review Book? What Are the AP Exam Questions Like? Exam Format Grades on the Exam Tips for Section | Tips for Section II GO; Ried The owl appears next to topics that provide helpful background information and illustrative examples. See page 4 for more details. PART 2: SUBJECT AREA REVIEW 2 Biochemistry Introduction

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    Atomic Structure Bonding Molecules—Polar and Nonpolar Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Substances Properties of Water pH Isomers Organic Compounds Protein Folding Chapter Summary Practice Questions Answers Explained 3 The Cell Introduction Structure and Function of the Cell Transport Into and Out of the Cell Cell Communication Apoptosis—Programmed Cell Death Chapter Summary Practice Questions Answers Explained 4 Cell Cycle Introduction The Cell Cycle Cell Division and Cancerous Cells Meiosis Meiosis and Genetic Variation

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    Regulation and Timing of the Cell Cycle Chapter Summary Practice Questions Answers Explained 5 Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes Introduction Energy Metabolism Enzyme-Controlled Reactions Characteristics of Enzymes Inhibition of Enzymatic Reactions Chapter Summary Practice Questions Answers Explained 6 Cell Respiration Introduction ATP—Adenosine Triphosphate Glycolysis Structure of the Mitochondrion Aerobic Respiration: The Citric Acid Cycle NAD* and FAD Aerobic Respiration: The Electron Transport Chain Oxidative Phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis Summary of ATP Production Anaerobic Respiration—Fermentation Chapter Summary Practice Questions

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    Answers Explained 7 Photosynthesis Introduction Photosynthetic Pigments The Chloroplast Photosystems Light-Dependent Reactions—The Light Reactions Light-Independent Reactions—The Calvin Cycle Photorespiration Modifications for Dry Environments Chapter Summary Practice Questions Answers Explained 8 Heredity Introduction Basics of Probability Law of Dominance Law of Segregation Monohybrid Cross Backcross or Testcross Law of Independent Assortment Beyond Mendelian Inheritance Polygenic Inheritance More Exceptions to Mendelian Inheritance Genes and the Environment Linked Genes Crossover and Linkage Mapping

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    The Pedigree X Inactivation—The Barr Body Mutations Nondisjunction Chapter Summary Practice Questions Answers Explained 9 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Introduction The Search for Heritable Material Structure of Nucleic Acids DNA Replication in Eukaryotes From DNA to Protein Gene Mutation The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria Prions The Human Genome Regulation of Gene Expression Recombinant DNA; Cloning Genes Tools and Techniques of Biotechnology Ethical Considerations Chapter Summary Practice Questions Answers Explained L0 Biological Diversity Introduction The Three-Domain Classification System

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    Evolutionary Trends in Animals Phylogenetic Trees Chapter Summary Practice Questions Answers Explained l1 Evolution Introduction History of Earth Evidence for Evolution Historical Context for Evolutionary Theory Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection Types of Selection Preserving Variation in a Population Causes of Evolution of a Population Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium—Characteristics of Stable Populations Speciation and Reproductive Isolation Patterns of Evolution Modern Theory of Evolution Evo-Devo The Origin of Life RNA World Exaptation Half-Life Chapter Summary Practice Questions Answers Explained l2 Ecology

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    Introduction Properties of Populations Population Growth Community Ecology Energy Flow and Primary Production Energy Flow and the Food Chain Ecological Succession Biomes Chemical Cycles Humans and the Biosphere Chapter Summary Practice Questions Answers Explained L3 Animal Behavior Introduction Fixed Action Pattern Migration Animal Signals and Communication Learning Modifies Behavior Social Behavior Natural Selection and Reproductive Success Evolution of Behavior Chapter Summary Practice Questions Answers Explained PART 3: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES REVIEW

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    14 Plants Introduction Strategies That Enabled Plants to Move to Land The Leaf Transport in Plants Water Potential and Passive Transport Plant Responses to Stimuli Chapter Summary Practice Questions Answers Explained 5 Human Physiology Introduction Digestion in Different Animals Digestion in Humans Gas Exchange in Different Animals Gas Exchange in Humans Circulation in Different Animals Human Circulation Osmoregulation Excretion Muscle Chapter Summary Practice Questions Answers Explained 16 Endocrine and Nervous Systems Introduction Chemical Signals

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    Feedback Mechanisms How Hormones Trigger a Response in Target Cells Temperature Regulation Nervous System Organization of the Human Brain Chapter Summary Practice Questions Answers Explained L7 The Human Immune System Introduction Nonspecific Innate Defense Mechanisms Adaptive Immunity Types of Immunity Blood Groups and Transfusion AIDS Positive Feedback in the Immune System Other Topics in Immunity Chapter Summary Practice Questions Answers Explained L8 Animal Reproduction and Development Introduction Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Embryonic Development Factors That Influence Embryonic Development Chapter Summary

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