AP Comparative Government and Politics: With 3 Practice Tests, 3rd Edition (2020)

With AP Comparative Government and Politics: With 3 Practice Tests, 3rd Edition (2020), you�ll learn exam strategies that help you approach questions methodically.

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BARRON'STheTrustedNameinTestPrepComparativeGovernmentandPolitics|aBFor2020&2021exams.i4BMComprehensivecontentreview[#JJeffDavis,M.Ed.7yyR=ipinre4(0ooo

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BARRON'SAP®ComparativeGovernmentandPoliticsWITH3PRACTICETESTSTHIRDEDITIONJeffDavis,M.Ed.MountainViewHighSchoolMesa,ArizonaAP®isaregisteredtrademarkoftheCollegeBoard,whichwasnotinvolvedintheproductionof,anddoesnotendorse,thisproduct.

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ABOUTTHEAUTHORJeffDavishastaughtatMountainViewHighSchoolinMesa,Arizona,since2004,teachingAPComparativeGovernment,APEuropeanHistory,APU.S.Government,andEconomics.HeistheadvisortoMountainView'snationallyrecognizedModelUnitedNationsteam.JeffandhiswifeMarisahavetwoincrediblyadorablechildren,AudreyandAustin.Whenheisn'tteachingorwritingAPreviewcontent,Mr.Davisloveslisteningtobluegrassmusicandplayingbasketball.

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©Copyright2020,2019,2016byKaplan,Inc.,d/b/aBarron’sEducationalSeriesAllrightsreservedunderInternationalandPan-AmericanCopyrightConventions.Bypaymentoftherequiredfees,youhavebeengrantedthenon-exclusive,non-transferablerighttoaccessandreadthetextofthiseBookonscreen.Nopartofthistextmaybereproduced,transmitted,downloaded,decompiled,reverseengineered,orstoredinorintroducedintoanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,inanyformorbyanymeans,whetherelectronicormechanical,nowknownorhereinafterinvented,withouttheexpresswrittenpermissionofthepublisher.PublishedbyKaplan,Inc.,d/b/aBarron'sEducationalSeries750ThirdAvenueNewYork,NY10017www.barronseduc.comISBN:978-1-5062-7199-610987654321

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ContentsBarron'sEssential5IntroductiontoAPComparativeGovernmentandPoliticsWhatIsAPComparativeGovernmentandPolitics?WhyStudyComparativeGovernmentandPolitics?AbouttheAPExamHowtoUseThisBookDiagnosticTestAnswerKeyAnswersExplainedScoreAnalysis1.TheComparativeMethodPurposeofComparisonSystemsTheorySocialScienceKeyTermsPracticeQuestions

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2.StatesWhatIsaState?ComparingStrongandWeakStatesLegitimacyInstitutionsDifferentiatingTermsCentralizationandDecentralizationofPowerKeyTermsPracticeQuestions3.NationsandSocietyIntroductionEthnicitySocialCleavagesPoliticalAttitudeandIdeologyPoliticalCultureKeyTermsPracticeQuestions4.ThePoliticalEconomyIntroductionEconomicValuesComponentsofthePoliticalEconomyPolitical-EconomicSystemsMeasuringEconomicPerformanceKeyTermsPracticeQuestions

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5.DemocraticRegimesWhatIsDemocracy?TheRoleofPoliticalPartiesElectionSystemsMeasuringDemocratizationConclusion:TheInevitabilityofDemocratization?KeyTermsPracticeQuestions6.AuthoritarianRegimesWhatIsAuthoritarianism?SourcesofAuthoritarianRuleAuthoritarianMeansofControlTypesofAuthoritarianRegimesConclusion:AuthoritarianResistancetoChangeKeyTermsPracticeQuestions7.TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandWhyStudyBritain?Sovereignty,Authority,andPowerPoliticalandEconomicChangeCitizens,Society,andtheStatePoliticalInstitutionsPublicPolicyKeyTermsPracticeQuestions

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8.TheRussianFederationWhyStudyRussia?Sovereignty,Authority,andPowerPoliticalandEconomicChangeCitizens,Society,andtheStatePoliticalInstitutionsPublicPolicyKeyTermsPracticeQuestions9.ThePeople’sRepublicofChinaWhyStudyChina?Sovereignty,Authority,andPowerPoliticalandEconomicChangeCitizens,Society,andtheStatePoliticalInstitutionsPublicPolicyKeyTermsPracticeQuestions10.TheUnitedMexicanStatesWhyStudyMexico?Sovereignty,Authority,andPowerPoliticalandEconomicChangeCitizens,Society,andtheStatePoliticalInstitutionsPublicPolicyKeyTerms

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PracticeQuestions11.TheIslamicRepublicofIranWhyStudyIran?Sovereignty,Authority,andPowerPoliticalandEconomicChangeCitizens,Society,andtheStatePoliticalInstitutionsPublicPolicyKeyTermsPracticeQuestions12.TheFederalRepublicofNigeriaWhyStudyNigeria?Sovereignty,Authority,andPowerPoliticalandEconomicChangeCitizens,Society,andtheStatePoliticalInstitutionsPublicPolicyKeyTermsPracticeQuestionsChapters1-12AnswerKeysPRACTICETESTSPracticeTest1AnswerKey

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AnswersExplainedScoreAnalysisPracticeTest2AnswerKeyAnswersExplainedScoreAnalysisAPPENDIXQuickCountryComparisonsGlossaryA:FrequentlySeenTermsGlossaryB:AdditionalTerms

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5Barron'sEssentialAsyoureviewthecontentofthisbooktoworktowardearninga5onyourAPComparativeGovernmentandPoliticsexam,youMUSTfocusonthesefiveessentialpoints:1Distinguishbetweentheformalandtheinformal.Rememberthatthereisadifferencebetweentheformalrulesofpoliticsexpressedinconstitutionsandlawsandthewaythatpoliticsisactuallyconducted.EspeciallywhenstudyingRussia,China,Iran,andNigeria,itiscrucialforyoutounderstandthatpowerisexercisedinpracticesandinstitutionsthatareverydifferentfromthosethatarelegallyexpressed.Payattentiontowhetherthetestquestionisaskingaboutformal/constitutionalorinformalpractices.2Don'tforgetsociety.Understandingthepoliticalcharacteristicsofthesocietyisasimportantasunderstandingthestructureandpowersofformalstateinstitutions.Youshouldbeequallyawareoftheroleinterestgroups,themedia,andothercivilsocietyinstitutionsplayasyouareoftheexecutive,legislative,andjudicialinstitutions.

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3Studythewronganswersaswell.Whentakingthemultiple-choicepracticequestionsattheendofeachchapterandthefull-lengthpracticetests,itcanbejustasvaluabletostudywhatmakesthewronganswers“wrong”asitistostudywhatmakestherightanswer“right.”Thisiswhyitisimportanttoreviewallanswerchoices,includingbeingabletoexplainwhyeachofthewronganswersareincorrect.4Preparetocompare.Muchofthetestfocusesondirectcountry-to-countrycomparison,andyoushouldhaveenoughin-depthknowledgeofallsixcountriestobecapableofcomparinganytwoonanysubject.Asyoustudyeachcountry,thinkaboutthewaysthatcountryissimilartoanddifferentfromothercountriesyouhavealreadystudiedineachtopicarea.5Itiswhatyouknow,nothowyouwrite.Whenwritingyouranswerstofree-responsequestions1through3,knowthattheyarescoredbasedonwhetheryouprovideanadequatelyexplainedcorrectanswerandnotnecessarilyonthequalityofyourwriting.Whenitcomestofree-responsequestion4,thisconcernissomewhatvalid,aswritingstyledoesnotcountasascoringcomponentontheargumentessay.

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IntroductiontoAPComparativeGovernmentandPoliticsWHATISAPCOMPARATIVEGOVERNMENTANDPOLITICS?APComparativeGovernmentandPoliticsisacoursethatfocusesonexaminingtheoreticalmodelsofthestructureandfunctionsofpoliticalsystems,andfocusesonanin-depthstudyofsixspecificcountriesasacloseexaminationofthesemodelsandprinciples,allowingforcomparisonamongthem.ThesixcountriesofstudyincludetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland(Britain,forshort),theRussianFederation(Russia),thePeople’sRepublicofChina(China),theUnitedMexicanStates(Mexico),theIslamicRepublicofIran(Iran),andtheFederalRepublicofNigeria(Nigeria).Studentswilldemonstratetheirunderstandingofcomplexanddiversepoliticalsystemsbyansweringquestionsaboutgeneralpoliticalthemes,specificaspectsaboutanindividualcountry’spoliticalsystem,andquestionscomparingonesystemtoanother,whileapplyingdisciplinarypracticesspecifictopoliticalscience.Specifically,thetopicsofstudyforthecourseandeachcountrywillinclude:

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mPoliticalSystems,Regimes,andGovernments—18-27%oftheexammPoliticalInstitutions—22-33%mPoliticalCultureandParticipation—11-18%mPartyandElectoralSystemsandCitizenOrganization—13-18%mPoliticalandEconomicChangesandDevelopment—16-24%Thecoursewillalsoincludestudyandpracticalapplicationofthedisciplinarypracticesusedbypoliticalscientistsinthefieldofcomparativepolitics.Thesedisciplinarypracticeswillcover:=mConceptApplication—applyingpoliticalconceptsandprocessesinauthenticcontexts=mCountryComparison—comparingpoliticalconceptsandprocessesamongthecoursecountries(Britain,Russia,China,Mexico,Iran,andNigeria)mDataAnalysis—analyzeandinterpretquantitativedatarepresentedintables,charts,graphs,maps,andinfographics=mSourceAnalysis—read,analyze,andinterprettext-basedsources=Argumentation—developanargumentinessayformatWHYSTUDYCOMPARATIVEGOVERNMENTANDPOLITICS?
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