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AP Human Geography: with 2 Practice Tests (2020)

AP Human Geography: with 2 Practice Tests (2020) gives you access to expert-reviewed practice exams that align with official exam standards.

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    The Trusted Name in Test Prep HB For 2021 & 2022 exams (Og HB Comprehensive content review pe P j Meredith Marsh, Ph.D. EF w hy : and Peter S. Alagona, Ph.D. F A i Tor 2 NN < ’ mca AP? is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not r= a + StudyXY involved In the production of, and does not endorse, this product. i el - A ” Fw - =

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    Downloaded from StudyXY.com ® + StudyXY Sd Ye. o> \ | iF ’ pr E \ 3 S Stu dy Anything This ContentHas been Posted On StudyXY.com as supplementary learning material. StudyXY does not endrose any university, college or publisher. Allmaterials posted are under the liability of the contributors. wv 8) www.studyxy.com

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    BARRON'S WITH 2 PRACTICE TESTS NINTH EDITION Meredith Marsh, Ph.D. Peter S. Alagona, Ph.D. AP® is 3 registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

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    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It’s hard to believe that this project has been going on for over ten years now. The best part of its success is that it allows me to maintain my friendship with Pete Alagona; I couldn’t ask for a more delightful colleague! I also am grateful to Jennifer Giammusso, our editor, for her patient provision of resources, extended deadlines, and much encouragement. Finally, my colleagues, students, and, most important, my family (Lucy especially), consistently keep me smiling and excited about what I do, which makes projects like this much more enjoyable. Meri Marsh, Ph.D. This book has become something of an old friend. It has appeared and reappeared in my life many times over the past several years. Each time it reappears it brings back old memories and leaves me with new ones. Many people have made this volume possible. My family, friends, mentors, and students have all played important roles. Most of all, however, this book owes its existence to my friend and colleague, Meri Marsh, without whom it would never have reached a first draft, much less a ninth edition. Peter S. Alagona

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    ABOUT THE AUTHORS Meredith J. Marsh received her bachelor’s degree in geography from Calvin College in 1999, her master’s degree in geography from the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) in 2003, and her Ph.D. (also in geography) from UCSB in 2009. Meredith has worked as a reader for the APHG exam in 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, and 2014, and she is currently an associate professor of geography at Lindenwood University in St. Charles, Missouri. Peter S. Alagona is an assistant professor of history and environmental studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He holds an M.A. degree in geography from the University of California, Santa Barbara, and M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in history from the University of California, Los Angeles. He has also held academic positions at both Harvard and Stanford universities.

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    © Copyright 2020, 2018, 2016, 2014, 2012, 2010, 2008 by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series Previous edition © copyright 2003 by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series under the title How to Prepare for the AP Human Geography Exam Photo Credits: www.chartsbin.com, page 122 All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this eBook on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher. Published by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series 750 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 www.barronseduc.com ISBN: 978-1-5062-7436-2 10987654321

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    Contents Barron’s Essential 5 Introduction Welcome to the Ninth Edition About the Book About the Test Strategies for Preparing for the AP Human Geography Exam Commonly Asked Questions About the AP Human Geography Exam Additional Resources Practice, Practice, Practice L Thinking Geographically Geography as a Field of Inquiry Geography Basics Describing Location Space and Spatial Processes Map Fundamentals Applications of Geography

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    Key Terms Chapter Summary Practice Questions and Answers Additional Resources 2 Population and Migration Patterns and Processes Human Population: A Global Perspective Population Parameters and Processes Human Migration Population Structure and Composition Population and Sustainability Key Terms Chapter Summary Practice Questions and Answers Additional Resources 3 Cultural Patterns and Processes Cultural Basics Language Religion Gender Ethnicity Popular Culture Key Terms Chapter Summary Practice Questions and Answers Additional Resources

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    1 Political Patterns and Processes What Is Political Geography? The Geography of Local and Regional Politics Territory, Borders, and the Geography of Nations International Political Geography Spatial Conflict Key Terms Chapter Summary Practice Questions and Answers Additional Resources 5 Agricultural and Rural Land-Use Patterns and Processes Historical Geography of Agriculture Geography of Modern Agriculture Agriculture and the Environment Key Terms Chapter Summary Practice Questions and Answers Additional Resources 3 Cities and Urban Land-Use Patterns and Processes Historical Geography of Urban Environments Culture and Urban Form The Spatial Organization of Urban Environments

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    Urban Planning Key Terms Chapter Summary Practice Questions and Answers Additional Resources 7 Industrial and Economic Development Patterns and Processes Industrialization Models of Development and Measures of Productivity Global Economic Patterns Location Principles Development, Equality, and Sustainability Globalization Key Terms Chapter Summary Practice Questions and Answers Additional Resources Practice Test 1 Answer Key Answers and Explanations Practice Test 2 Answer Key Answers and Explanations

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    As you review the content of this book Barron’s to work toward earning a 5 on your AP . HUMAN GEOGRAPHY exam, you Essential MUST focus on these five essential 5 points: 1 Know the course goals and how the subdisciplines of human geography meet them. This may seem fairly obvious. However, you should make sure that as you study each subdiscipline in the course, you can clearly describe geography within that subdiscipline. For example, what's unique about political organization as compared with politics? Cities and urban land use as compared with urban studies? Or cultural patterns and processes as compared with cultural studies? 2 Think spatially. Think in multiple ways! You need to read and understand any spatial data in the text and test (e.g., maps) carefully. You must also be able to think across scales. How might spatial patterns and processes (or representations of them) differ when looking at large-scale spaces (e.g., the world) compared with small-scale spaces (e.g., your neighborhood)? 3 Know current examples. As you will quickly notice when completing the practice tests, free-response questions often ask for examples. As you learn the concepts in each chapter, keep lists of current events that accurately illustrate concepts, processes, and models. Watch and read the news. Think about how the news connects to human geography!

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    4 Look for interconnections. Pay special attention to the different subdisciplines. Can your free-response question on urban models bring in some of your knowledge about economic development? How does culture influence economic development? What are the connections between population dynamics and urbanization? Do not memorize concepts in isolation. Instead, constantly try to connect across topic areas. 5 Focus on figures. Figures (maps, graphics, charts, and tables) frequently appear on the test in both multiple-choice and free-response questions. Do not skip over the figures in the text! Instead, know them by name, make sure you know how they work, and be able to describe what they represent.

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    Introduction -» WELCOME TO THE NINTH EDITION =» ABOUT THE BOOK =» ABOUT THE TEST -» STRATEGIES FOR PREPARING FOR THE AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY TEST -» COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT THE AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY TEST -» ADDITIONAL RESOURCES WELCOME TO THE NINTH EDITION The ninth edition of Barron’s AP Human Geography contains some substantial updates to account for recent changes in the course outline and exam structure. This chapter, the Introduction, has been extensively revised to reflect more accurately the topics and skills covered on the new exam (beginning May 2020). In addition, both practice exams have been completely rewritten; every question now contains “metadata” that show the specific unit, skill, and “essential knowledge” covered by the question. Inclusion of these data ensures alignment between the practice tests and the actual exam while also providing students with the information needed to target their studies. ABOUT THE BOOK The AP Human Geography Exam covers a range of material that would normally be included in a semester-long college-level course in Introductory Human Geography. These courses typically cover a wide variety of topics, with the basic goal of understanding patterns and processes that have shaped

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    human relationships on Earth over space and time. This overarching goal can be further divided into a set of goals derived from Geography for Life: National Geography Standards, Second Edition, introduced in 2012. The APHG Exam covers seven major content areas. Each content area, described later in this chapter, will make up a certain percentage of the exam. This book has been designed to correspond with the College Board’s objectives, and one chapter is dedicated to each of the Board’s seven major content areas. Each chapter contains content knowledge about the topic under discussion, tips on preparing for the exam, and practice multiple-choice and free-response questions with answers explained. The multiple-choice questions in each chapter should only be reviewed as content/concept review. These questions don’t necessarily reflect the same level of difficulty as the exam questions. ABOUT THE TEST The AP Human Geography Exam contains two sections and lasts for two hours and 15 minutes. The first section includes 60 multiple-choice questions; students are given 60 minutes to complete this portion of the exam. In the remaining 75 minutes, students answer three free-response essay questions. Beginning in 2019, the AP Human Geography course and exam now contains an explicit emphasis on geographic skills in addition to the traditional content areas. Every question—multiple-choice and free-response —assesses one of the following five skills or skill components. Skill 1.A: Describe geographic concepts, processes, models, and Category 1: | theories. Concepts and | 1.B: Explain geographic concepts, processes, models, and Processes theories. 1.C: Compare geographic concepts, processes, models, and theories. 1.D: Describe a relevant geographic concept, process, model, or

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    theory in a specified context. 1.E: Explain the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of different geographic models and theories in a specified context. Skill 2.A: Describe spatial patterns, networks, and relationships. Category 2: | 2.B: Explain spatial relationships in a specified context or region Spatial of the world using geographic concepts, processes, models, and Relationships | theories. 2.C: Explain a likely outcome in a geographic scenario using geographic concepts, processes, models, and theories. 2.D: Explain the significance of geographic similarities and differences among different locations and/or at different times. 2.E: Explain the degree to which a geographic concept, process, model, or theory effectively explains geographic effects in different contexts and regions of the world. Skill 3.A: Identify the different types of data presented in maps and in Category 3: | quantitative and geospatial data. Data 3.B: Describe spatial patterns in maps and in quantitative and Analysis geospatial data. 3.C: Explain patterns and trends in maps and in quantitative and geospatial data to draw conclusions. 3.D: Compare patterns and trends in maps and in quantitative and geospatial data to draw conclusions. 3.E: Explain what maps or data imply or illustrate about geographic principles, processes, and outcomes. 3.F: Explain possible limitations of the data provided. Skill 4.A: Identify the different types of information presented in visual Category 4: | sources. Source 4.B: Describe the spatial patterns presented in visual sources. Analysis 4.C: Explain patterns and trends in visual sources to draw conclusions. 4.D: Compare patterns and trends in sources to draw conclusions. 4.E: Explain how maps, images, and landscapes illustrate or relate to geographic principles, processes, and outcomes. 4.F: Explain possible limitations of visual sources provided. Skill 5.A: Identify the scales of analysis presented by maps, Category 5: | quantitative and geospatial data, images, and landscapes. Scale 5.B: Explain spatial relationships across various geographic scales Analysis using geographic concepts, processes, models, and theories.

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    5.C: Compare geographic characteristics and processes at various scales. 5.D: Explain the degree to which a geographic concept, process, model, or theory effectively explains geographic effects across various geographic scales. Content Areas The test covers seven units related to different fundamental components of Human Geography. Each of the seven units focuses on three different “big ideas”: 1. Patterns and Spatial Organization (PSO) 2. Impacts and Interactions (IMP) 3. Spatial Processes and Societal Change (SPS) These big ideas are further broken down into learning objectives specific to the unit’s content, which are then broken down into more specific essential knowledge items. Every practice test question, in the answer explanation, includes coded data on the unit, essential knowledge, and the specific skill addressed by the question. As you are practicing, you can use the data to discern areas of strength and areas that require more studying. Unit 1: Thinking Geographically (8-10% of exam) Big Ideas: 1. Patterns and Spatial Organization (PSO): Why do geographers study relationships and patterns among and between places? 2. Impacts and Interactions (IMP): How do geographers use maps to help them discover patterns and relationships in the world? 3. Spatial Processes and Societal Change (SPS): How do geographers use a spatial perspective to analyze complex issues and relationships?

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