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Princeton Review AP U.S. Government and Politics Premium Prep, 22nd Edition: 6 Practice Tests + Complete Content Review, Premium Edition (2023)

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    Downloaded from StudyXY.com [= Ww + StudyXY oi as . Za \ Rr ' BE \ Stu dy Anything This ContentHas been Posted On StudyXY.com as supplementary learning material. StudyXY does not endrose any university, college or publisher. Allmaterials posted are under the liability of the contributors. | 8) www.studyxy.com

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    The Princeton Review Publishing Team Rob Franek, Editor-in-Chief David Soto, Senior Director, Data Operations Stephen Koch, Senior Manager, Data Operations Deborah Weber, Director of Production Jason Ullmeyer, Production Design Manager Jennifer Chapman, Senior Production Artist Selena Coppock, Director of Editorial Orion McBean, Senior Editor Aaron Riccio, Senior Editor Meave Shelton, Senior Editor Chris Chimera, Editor Patricia Murphy, Editor Laura Rose, Editor Isabelle Appleton, Editorial Assistant Random House Publishing Team Tom Russell, VP, Publisher Alison Stoltzfus, Senior Director, Publishing Brett Wright, Senior Editor Emily Hoffman, Assistant Managing Editor Ellen Reed, Production Manager Suzanne Lee, Designer Eugenia Lo, Publishing Assistant The Princeton Review 110 East 42nd Street, 7th Floor New York, NY 10017 Copyright © 2023 by TPR Education IP Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Penguin Random House LLC, New York. Terms of Service: The Princeton Review Online Companion Tools (“Student Tools”) for retail books are available for only the two most recent editions of that book. Student Tools may be activated only once per eligible book purchased for a total of 24 months of access. Activation of Student Tools more than once per book is in direct violation of these Terms of Service and may result in discontinuation of access to Student Tools Services. ISBN 9780593517253

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    Ebook ISBN 9780593517260 AP is a trademark registered and owned by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this product. The Princeton Review is not affiliated with Princeton University. The material in this book is up-to-date at the time of publication. However, changes may have been instituted by the testing body in the test after this book was published. If there are any important late-breaking developments, changes, or corrections to the materials in this book, we will post that information online in the Student Tools. Register your book and check your Student Tools to see if there are any updates posted there. Editor: Selena Coppock Production Editors: Heidi Torres, Becky Radway Production Artist: Diane Gorton Content Developer: Gina Donegan Cover art by Florin Seitan / Alamy Stock Photo Cover design by Suzanne Lee Photo selection and layout by Carling Design, Inc. For customer service, please contact editorialsupport@review.com, and be sure to include: o full title of the book * ISBN e page number a_prh_6.1_145401947_c0_r0 f Studyxy

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    Acknowledgments The Princeton Review would like to thank Gina Donegan for her wonderful contributions to the 22nd edition of this book. We also thank Diane Gorton, Heidi Torres, and Becky Radway for their detailed eyes and their time and attention to each page.

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    Permission has been granted to reprint portions of the following: — Reprinted by arrangement with The Heirs to the Estate of Martin Luther King Jr., c/o Writers House as agent for the proprietor New York, NY. Copyright © 1957 by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Renewed © 1985 by Coretta Scott King. — “Supreme Gerrymander” by Pat Bagley, PoliticalCartoons.com, © 2019. — McDonald, Michael P. 2021. “Non-Hispanic White Share of Electorate” United States Elections Project. Last accessed April 2022. — “Habeas Corpus” by Adam Zyglis, PoliticalCartoons.com, © 2018. — “Number of viewers of the State of Union addresses from 1993 to 2018 (in millions),” accessed April 14, 2022, https://statista.com/statistics/252425/state-of-the-union- address-viewer-numbers/. Statista.com © 2018. — “NSA Eavesdropping,” by Mike Keefe, © 2007 InToon.com. — “Voter Identification Laws and the Suppression of Minority Votes,” The Journal of Politics, volume 79, number 2. Published online January 5, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/688343. © 2016 by the Southern Political Science Association. All rights reserved. — “Drug executives to testify before Congress about their role in U.S. opioid crisis,” The Washington Post, 2018. All rights reserved. — “Campaign Contributions, Access, and Government Contracting,” by Christopher Witko, Journal of Public Administrations Research and Theory, Volume 21, Issue 4, 1 October 2011, Pages 761-778, published 18 March 2011. https://doi.ora/10.1093/jopart/mur005, last accessed 4/13/22. Excerpt used with permission, all rights reserved, © 2018. — “Equal Protection,” by Matt Wuerker, © 2018. All rights reserved, used with permission by the author. — “Party Identification, Yearly Averages,” republished with permission of Gallup, from Gallup.com © 2018; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. — “Presidential Power,” Randy Bish, PoliticalCartoons.com © 2014. StudyXY

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    — “Voting Law Changes in 2012,” Wendy R. Weiser and Lawrence Norden, published October 3, 2011. http://www.brennancenter.org/publication/voting-law-changes-2012, last accessed 4/13/22. Excerpt used with permission of the Brennan Center for Justice, all rights reserved, © 2018. — “Puerto Rico pushes for statehood,” The Washington Post, © 2018. All rights reserved. — 2 graphics: Federal judges appointed by recent presidents, by gender and Federal judges appointed by recent presidents, by race and ethnicity licensed from REUTERS News & Media, INC. StudyXY

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    Contents Get More (Free) Content Part I: Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score Preview: Your Knowledge, Your Expectations Your Guide to Using This Book How to Begin Part ll: Practice Test 1 Practice Test 1 Practice Test 1: Diagnostic Answer Key and Explanations How to Score Practice Test 1 Part lll: About the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam The Structure of the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam How the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam Is Scored Overview of Content Topics Primary Sources How AP Exams Are Used Other Resources Designing Your Study Plan Part IV: Test-Taking Strategies for the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam

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    Preview 1 How to Approach Multiple-Choice Questions 2 How to Approach Free-Response Questions 3 Using Time Effectively to Maximize Points Reflect Part V: Content Review for the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam 4 Foundations of American Democracy Enlightenment Philosophies The Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation The Constitution as an Instrument of Government Amendment Process State and Local Governments Chapter 4 Key Terms Chapter 4 Drill Summary Reflect 5 Interactions Among Branches of Government Congress Notable Legislation The President The Judiciary and the Law The Bureaucracy Chapter 5 Key Terms Chapter 5 Drill Summary Reflect

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    6 Civil Liberties and Civil Rights The Bill of Rights (December 15, 1791) The Extension of Civil Liberties Through American History First Amendment Rights and Restrictions The Second Amendment The Second Amendment Goes to Court The Third Amendment The Fourth Amendment The Fifth Amendment The Sixth Amendment The Seventh Amendment The Eighth Amendment The Ninth Amendment The Right of All Americans to Privacy Civil Rights Chapter 6 Key Terms Chapter 6 Drill Summary Reflect 7 American Political Ideologies and Beliefs Characteristics of Public Opinion Polls Measure Public Opinion Where Does Public Opinion Come From? Political Ideologies Public Opinion and the Mass Media Chapter 7 Key Terms Chapter 7 Drill Summary

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    Reflect 8 Political Participation Citizen Participation Political Parties Interest Groups Political Action Committees (PACs) and Super PACs 527 Groups Elections The Election Cycle Media Influence on Elections Election Day Policy Making: Objectives Policy Making: Process Economic Policy Trade Policy Domestic Policy Chapter 8 Key Terms Chapter 8 Drill Summary Reflect 9 Chapter Drills: Answers and Explanations Glossary The Constitution of the United States of America Part VI: Additional Practice Tests Practice Test 2 Practice Test 2: Answers and Explanations How to Score Practice Test 2

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    Practice Test 3 Practice Test 3: Answers and Explanations Practice Test 4 Practice Test 4: Answers and Explanations Online Practice Tests _145401947_

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    1 Go to PrincetonReview.com/prep and enter the following ISBN for your book: 9780593517260 2 Answer a few simple questions to set up an exclusive Princeton Review account. (If you already have one, you can just log in.)

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    3 Enjoy access to your FREE content! Need to report a potential content issue? Contact EditorialSupport@review.com and include:

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    « full title of the book e ISBN * page number Need to report a technical issue? Contact TPRStudentTech@review.com and provide: « your full name « email address used to register the book o full book title and ISBN * Operating system (Mac/PC) and browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, etc.) LET’S GO MOBILE! Access all of these free, additional resources by downloading the new Princeton Review app at www.princetonreview.com/mobile/apps/ highschool. Once you've registered, you can... e Access and print Practice Tests A and B, as well as their Answers and Explanations « Take a full-length practice SAT and ACT

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    * Get valuable advice about the college application process, including tips for writing a great essay and where to apply for financial aid e Use our searchable rankings of The Best 389 Colleges to find out more information about your dream school « Access a study guide and a variety of printable resources, including bubble sheets for the practice tests in this book, and a glossary of key terms to aid in your review « Check out online digital flashcards to review core content « Check to see if there have been any corrections or updates to this edition « Get our take on any recent or pending updates to the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam Look For These Icons Throughout The Book PREMIUM PORTAL ONLINE ARTICLES STUDY BREAK PROVEN TECHNIQUES

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    ANOTHER APPROACH MORE GREAT BOOKS APPLIED STRATEGIES GOING DEEPER WATCH OUT

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    Part I

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    Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score e Preview: Your Knowledge. Your Expectations * Your Guide to Using This Book e How to Begin

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    PREVIEW: YOUR KNOWLEDGE, YOUR EXPECTATIONS Your route to a high score on the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam depends largely on how you plan to use this book. Respond to the following: 1. Rate your level of confidence about your knowledge of the content tested by the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam. A. Very confident—I know it all. B. I’m pretty confident, but there are topics for which I could use help. C. Not confident—I need quite a bit of support. D. I’m not sure. 2. Choose your goal score for the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam: 5 4 3 2 1 I’m not sure yet. 3. What do you expect to learn from this book? Choose all that apply to you. A. A general overview of the test and what to expect B. Strategies for how to approach the test C. The content the exam tests D. I’m not sure yet. Not Sure Yet? If you answered these three questions with “I'm not sure,” you may need more time before you take the AP Exam. But don't be discouraged! Review the content chapters before you take the practice tests in this book and you'll see improvement in your confidence and even your test scores YOUR GUIDE TO USING THIS BOOK

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    This book is organized to provide as much—or as little—support as you need, so you can use this book in whatever way will be most helpful for improving your score on the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam. e The remainder of Part I provides guidance on how to use this book and help you determine your strengths and weaknesses. o Part II of this book contains your first practice test, a Diagnostic Answer Key, detailed answers and explanations for each question, and a scoring guide. (Bubble sheets can be printed from your online Student Tools.) This is where you should begin your test preparation in order to realistically determine o your starting point right now o which question types you're ready for and which you might need to practice o which content topics you are familiar with and which you will want to carefully review Once you have nailed down your strengths and weaknesses with regard to this exam, you can focus your test preparation, build a study plan, and be efficient with your time. Our Diagnostic Answer Key will assist you with this process. Room to Write On the actual test, you will be given space along with the bubble sheet to record your answers for each free-response question. You should use scrap paper for the free responses on these practice tests (diagrams that need to be completed have been included in this book). After you've gotten a hang of the timing, be aware of how much space each response is taking up, in case you need to write in smaller print or use fewer words on the test. o Part III of this book StudyXY

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    o provides information about the structure, scoring, and content of the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam o helps you to make a study plan o points you toward additional resources e Part IV of this book explores various strategies, including o how to answer multiple-choice questions o how to write high-scoring free-response answers o how to manage your time to maximize the number of points you can attain e Part V of this book covers the content you need to get an edge on the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam. o Part VI of this book contains three additional practice tests, along with their answers, explanations, and scoring guides. If you skipped Practice Test 1, we recommend that you do all four (waiting at least a day or two between them) so that you can compare your progress. Additionally, taking the practice tests will help to identify any external issues: if you consistently get a certain type of question wrong, you probably need to review it. If you got it wrong only once, you may have run out of time or been distracted by something. In either case, examining your test results will allow you to focus on the factors that caused the discrepancy in scores and to be as prepared as possible on test day. ¢ Online Resources contain two additional practice tests. Follow the study guide found there based on the amount of time you have to study for the exam. You may choose to use some parts of this book over others, or you may work through the entire book. This will depend on your needs and how much time you have. Let’s now look at how to make this determination.

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    Once you register your book online, you can print the bubble sheets and scoring worksheets for your practice tests! 1. Take a Test Before you can decide how to use this book, we recommend that you take a practice test. Doing so will give you an insight into your strengths and weaknesses, and the test will also help you make an effective study plan. If you're feeling test-phobic, remind yourself that a practice test is a diagnostic tool—it’s not how well you do that matters but how you use the information gleaned from your performance to guide your preparation. So, before you read further, take Practice Test 1 starting on this page of this book. Be sure to do so in one sitting, following the instructions that appear before the test. Scoring Worksheets We've included a scoring worksheet for each of the Practice Tests. Remember that these worksheets are meant to serve as a rough guideline only. AP exam scores are weighted according to a statistical process that varies slightly every year based on how students perform on the exam. But you can use the worksheets to approximate your score! 2. Check Your Answers StudyXY

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    Using the Diagnostic Answer Key on this page, follow our three-step process to identify your strengths and weaknesses with regard to the tested topics. This will help you determine which content review chapters to prioritize when studying this book. Don’t worry about the explanations for now, and don’t worry about missed questions. We’ll get to that soon. 3. Reflect on the Test After you take your first test, respond to the following questions: e How much time did you spend on the multiple-choice questions? ¢ How much time did you spend on each essay? ¢ How many multiple-choice questions did you miss? e Do you feel you had the knowledge to address the subject matter in the free-response questions? * Do you feel that you wrote well-organized, thoughtful free responses? o Circle the content areas that were most challenging for you, and draw a line through the ones in which you felt confident and/or did well. 4. Read Part III of this Book and Complete the Self-Evaluation Part IIT will provide information on how the test is structured and scored. It will also explain the areas of content that are tested. As you read Part III, reevaluate your answers to the questions above. At the end of Part III, you will revisit those questions and refine your answers to them. Use the answer key to identify where you missed the most questions, as that may present you with a good place to begin your review. Make a study plan, based on your needs and available time, that will help you to use this book most effectively.

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    5. Engage with Parts IV and V as Needed Notice the word engage. You’ll get more out of this book if you use it intentionally than if you read it passively, hoping for an improved score through osmosis. In other words, focus on what you need as a learner. The strategy chapters in Part IV will help you think about your approach to the types of questions on this exam. This part opens with a reminder to think about how you approach questions now and then closes with a reflection section asking you to think about how/whether you will change your approach in the future. The content chapters in Part V are designed to provide a review of the content tested on the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam, including the level of detail you need to know and how your knowledge of the content is tested. You will have the opportunity to assess your understanding of each chapter through test-appropriate questions and a reflection section at the end. 6. Take Another Test and Assess Your Performance Once you feel you have developed the strategies you need and gained the knowledge you lacked, you should take Practice Test 2, which starts on this page of this book. You should do so in one sitting, following the instructions at the beginning of the test. When you complete the test, check your answers to the multiple-choice section with the correct responses on this page. Then, see if a teacher will read your essays and provide feedback for your improvement. Once you have taken the test, reflect on which areas you still need to work on, and revisit the chapters in this book that address those deficiencies. You have additional practice tests that you can use to prepare, so space those out as you complete your content review. Part VI includes practice tests 2, 3, and 4 and two more practice tests can be

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    found online in your Student Tools. Finally, don’t forget to consult your class materials (e.g., textbook, handouts) as well. 7. Keep Working As discussed in Part III, there are other resources available to you, including a wealth of information on the official AP Students website. Here, you can continue to explore areas to improve upon and engage with right up until the day of the test. If you’ve followed our recommended approach, you’ll have a total of five practice tests left at this point (three in the book, two online), and you should use a mix of Web resources and book review to solidify your understanding of any questions or subjects that you keep getting wrong. You can find a course description and overview on the AP Students website, located here: apstudents.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-united- states-government-and-politics This site also includes course details straight from the horse's mouth, so to speak, as well as links to .gov resources that provide primary source information on the Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, and the various branches of government. Go Online! Check us out on YouTube for test-taking tips and techniques to help you ace your next exam at youtube.com/ThePrincetonReview. StudyXY

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    Part 11 Practice Test 1

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    Practice Test 1 Click here to download a PDF of Practice Test 1.

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    The Exam AP® U.S. Government and Politics Exam SECTION I: Multiple-Choice Questions DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. At a Glance Total Time 80 minutes Number of Questions 55 Percent of Total Grade 50% Writing Instrument Pencil required Instructions Section I of this examination contains 55 multiple-choice questions. Fill in only the ovals for numbers 1 through 55 on your answer sheet. Indicate all of your answers to the multiple-choice questions on the answer sheet. No credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet, but you may use the booklet for notes or scratch work. After you have decided which of the suggested answers is best, completely fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Give only one answer to each question. If you change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erased completely. Here is a sample question and answer.

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