General Science Knowledge Part 2

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This flashcard set provides concise answers to fundamental science questions across astronomy, biology, chemistry, physics, and Earth science.

A welder will require more electric current if either the ____ or the ____ is larger.

Pieces being welded; Electrode in use

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

A welder will require more electric current if either the ____ or the ____ is larger.

Pieces being welded; Electrode in use

Why must welders wear helmets and protective clothing?

Protection from Ultraviolet

Metal inert gas welding is also known as ______ welding

Wire feed welding

When would a technician use adjustable joint pliers?

When large diameter objects must be gripped together

Capacitive reactance is measured in ___.

Ohms

When silicon's crystalline structure is doped with a five-electron element, the silicon crystal becomes a(n) _____ material.

N-type

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TermDefinition

A welder will require more electric current if either the ____ or the ____ is larger.

Pieces being welded; Electrode in use

Why must welders wear helmets and protective clothing?

Protection from Ultraviolet

Metal inert gas welding is also known as ______ welding

Wire feed welding

When would a technician use adjustable joint pliers?

When large diameter objects must be gripped together

Capacitive reactance is measured in ___.

Ohms

When silicon's crystalline structure is doped with a five-electron element, the silicon crystal becomes a(n) _____ material.

N-type

The ______ is a solid state device that has revolutionized the construction of electronic devices

Transistor

Identify this symbol:

galvanometer

Why are transformers especially useful in the transmission of electricity from power plants to residences?

It is more efficient to transmit high voltage electricity

How can the magnetic field formed by a current-carrying wire be strengthened?

By winding the wire into a coil around a ferrous core

If multiple loads are connected in a series circuit, how is the overall voltage of the circuit calculated?

Vtot = V1 + V2 + V3

What is the formula for electrical power

Power = current + voltage

How would you increase the mechanical advantage of a second class lever

By moving the object to be lifted closer to the fulcrum or making the lever longer

How would you increase the mechanical advantage of a first-class lever

By increasing the ratio of the distance between the force and the fulcrum to the distance between the fulcrum and the object to be lifted

If a smaller gear drives a large gear, the large gear will turn with a ______ speed than the small gear, but _____ will be increased

Slower; Torque

a ramp is a type of ________

inclined plane

What is the common term for electrical potential difference or electromotive force?

Voltage

Why is copper used as a conductor more frequently than is silver or aluminum

Copper is much less expensive and lower resistance than aluminum

Current will flow only if it can follow a(n) ___ circuit.

Closed circuit

A circuit with only one path is a ______ circuit


circuit

Why are parallel circuits usually superior to series circuits?

If a path breaks it'll still maintain a closed circuit

What is the equation for frequency

Frequency = 1/time period

A convex mirror light waves; a convex lens light waves.

Diverges; Converges

The state of matter occurring at lower temperature is the _____ state

Solid state

An acid gives up _____ charged hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

positively charged ion

A type of matter is classified as an element when _____

it cannot be separated into different types of matter by ordinary chemical methods

The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately _____ meters per second

300 million meters per second

Identify this symbol:


On/off switch


What is the formula for ohms law

V = IR (Voltage = Current x Resistance)


if an element's atoms have valence shells that are more than half full of electrons, that element is a(n) _________

insulator


Identify this symbol:


Diode


When a current is passed through a wire coiled around a ferrous material, the result is a(n) _____.

electromagnet

Do household electrical outlets in North America use AC or DC current?

AC

What does an electrical ground do?

ground provides a low resistance path to guide excess electrical energy away from panels and loads

If an element' atoms have valence shells that are less than half full of electrons , that element is a(n)

Conductor

The conversion of AC to DC is called

rectification

What is the most likely cause of engine "knock"?

The air-fuel mixture explodes rather than burns, often due to a lean air-fuel mixture.

What is the function of the radiator

To transmit heat from the coolant to the outside air

What is the optimal range of pressure in a cooling system?

9 to 16 psi

When the thermostat is _____, coolant does not pass through the radiator.

Closed


What are the two main component of engine oil?


Base oil; additive package


Which are of the engine is most reliant on lubrication?


The reciprocating assembly


The most common type of fuel injection systems are ____ and _____

Multiport fuel injection; Direct injection

What parts have been eliminated in coil-on-plug ignition systems?

Spark plug wires

What is the basic function of the drivetrain system?

Transmit power from the engine to the wheels

Power is defined as _____ and measured in ______

The rate of work is performed; watts

the term ____ refers to the total of various pushes and pulls acting on an object

Net force

What is inertia?

The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

Acceleration due to gravity approximately _____ meters per second , not counting air resistance

9.8 meters per second

What is the formula for work?

work = force x displacement

What is the formula for momentum?

p=mv

Rewrite the formula for momentum in order to solve for mass.

m = p/v

What is the formula for power?

P = w/t

______ energy is the energy possessed by a moving object

Kinetic energy

What is the formula for converting a temperature expressed in degrees celsius into a temp expressed in fahrenheit?

9/5C + 32

Each column of the periodic table is called

group

In the metric system the basic unit of volume is the

Liter

On the Richter scale. an earthquake of magnitude 2 is _____ times greater than earthquake of magnitude 1

Ten

The ratio by whcih light is slowed when passing through a medium is referred to as the medium's ______

refractive index

When heat is transferred through direct contact between two objects, this known as

Conduction

The ____ part of the brain controls balance and muscle coordination


Cerebellum


Primary consumers are also known as


herbivores


In the metric system, the basic unit of mass or weight is the _____


gram


Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: Deci

Base x 0.1

When two atoms bond by sharing an electron a ______ bond is formed

Covalent

the ________ carries sperm from the testes to the penis by way of the _______

Vas deferens; prostate

Prokaryotic cells are defined as cells that do not have a(n)

Nucleus

Define gamete

reproductive cell

When water is evaporated from the leaves of plants, this is known as _____

Transpiration

What type of clouds produce precipitation

stratus and cumulus

Which blood type is the universal recipient?

Type AB

The ______ is the portion of the brain that controls involuntary actions such as breathing

Medulla

Name the three ways heat can be transferred form one object or medium to another

Conduction, Convection, radiation

Water freezes at _____ kelvin

273

What role does pepsin play in the body

Pepsin breaks down proteins in the stomach

a ____ lens curves outwards; a _____ lens curves inwards

Convex; Concave

when a gas changes to a liquid, this process is known as ______

Condensation

What is produced in the testes?

sperm

Name the four major components of blood

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

When heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves, this is known as

Radiation