General Science Knowledge Part 2
This flashcard set provides concise answers to fundamental science questions across astronomy, biology, chemistry, physics, and Earth science.
A welder will require more electric current if either the ____ or the ____ is larger.
Pieces being welded; Electrode in use
Key Terms
A welder will require more electric current if either the ____ or the ____ is larger.
Pieces being welded; Electrode in use
Why must welders wear helmets and protective clothing?
Protection from Ultraviolet
Metal inert gas welding is also known as ______ welding
Wire feed welding
When would a technician use adjustable joint pliers?
When large diameter objects must be gripped together
Capacitive reactance is measured in ___.
Ohms
When silicon's crystalline structure is doped with a five-electron element, the silicon crystal becomes a(n) _____ material.
N-type
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
A welder will require more electric current if either the ____ or the ____ is larger. | Pieces being welded; Electrode in use |
Why must welders wear helmets and protective clothing? | Protection from Ultraviolet |
Metal inert gas welding is also known as ______ welding | Wire feed welding |
When would a technician use adjustable joint pliers? | When large diameter objects must be gripped together |
Capacitive reactance is measured in ___. | Ohms |
When silicon's crystalline structure is doped with a five-electron element, the silicon crystal becomes a(n) _____ material. | N-type |
The ______ is a solid state device that has revolutionized the construction of electronic devices | Transistor |
Identify this symbol: | galvanometer |
Why are transformers especially useful in the transmission of electricity from power plants to residences? | It is more efficient to transmit high voltage electricity |
How can the magnetic field formed by a current-carrying wire be strengthened? | By winding the wire into a coil around a ferrous core |
If multiple loads are connected in a series circuit, how is the overall voltage of the circuit calculated? | Vtot = V1 + V2 + V3 |
What is the formula for electrical power | Power = current + voltage |
How would you increase the mechanical advantage of a second class lever | By moving the object to be lifted closer to the fulcrum or making the lever longer |
How would you increase the mechanical advantage of a first-class lever | By increasing the ratio of the distance between the force and the fulcrum to the distance between the fulcrum and the object to be lifted |
If a smaller gear drives a large gear, the large gear will turn with a ______ speed than the small gear, but _____ will be increased | Slower; Torque |
a ramp is a type of ________ | inclined plane |
What is the common term for electrical potential difference or electromotive force? | Voltage |
Why is copper used as a conductor more frequently than is silver or aluminum | Copper is much less expensive and lower resistance than aluminum |
Current will flow only if it can follow a(n) ___ circuit. | Closed circuit |
A circuit with only one path is a ______ circuit | circuit |
Why are parallel circuits usually superior to series circuits? | If a path breaks it'll still maintain a closed circuit |
What is the equation for frequency | Frequency = 1/time period |
A convex mirror light waves; a convex lens light waves. | Diverges; Converges |
The state of matter occurring at lower temperature is the _____ state | Solid state |
An acid gives up _____ charged hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. | positively charged ion |
A type of matter is classified as an element when _____ | it cannot be separated into different types of matter by ordinary chemical methods |
The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately _____ meters per second | 300 million meters per second |
Identify this symbol: | On/off switch |
What is the formula for ohms law | V = IR (Voltage = Current x Resistance) |
if an element's atoms have valence shells that are more than half full of electrons, that element is a(n) _________ | insulator |
Identify this symbol: | Diode |
When a current is passed through a wire coiled around a ferrous material, the result is a(n) _____. | electromagnet |
Do household electrical outlets in North America use AC or DC current? | AC |
What does an electrical ground do? | ground provides a low resistance path to guide excess electrical energy away from panels and loads |
If an element' atoms have valence shells that are less than half full of electrons , that element is a(n) | Conductor |
The conversion of AC to DC is called | rectification |
What is the most likely cause of engine "knock"? | The air-fuel mixture explodes rather than burns, often due to a lean air-fuel mixture. |
What is the function of the radiator | To transmit heat from the coolant to the outside air |
What is the optimal range of pressure in a cooling system? | 9 to 16 psi |
When the thermostat is _____, coolant does not pass through the radiator. | Closed |
What are the two main component of engine oil? | Base oil; additive package |
Which are of the engine is most reliant on lubrication? | The reciprocating assembly |
The most common type of fuel injection systems are ____ and _____ | Multiport fuel injection; Direct injection |
What parts have been eliminated in coil-on-plug ignition systems? | Spark plug wires |
What is the basic function of the drivetrain system? | Transmit power from the engine to the wheels |
Power is defined as _____ and measured in ______ | The rate of work is performed; watts |
the term ____ refers to the total of various pushes and pulls acting on an object | Net force |
What is inertia? | The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion |
Acceleration due to gravity approximately _____ meters per second , not counting air resistance | 9.8 meters per second |
What is the formula for work? | work = force x displacement |
What is the formula for momentum? | p=mv |
Rewrite the formula for momentum in order to solve for mass. | m = p/v |
What is the formula for power? | P = w/t |
______ energy is the energy possessed by a moving object | Kinetic energy |
What is the formula for converting a temperature expressed in degrees celsius into a temp expressed in fahrenheit? | 9/5C + 32 |
Each column of the periodic table is called | group |
In the metric system the basic unit of volume is the | Liter |
On the Richter scale. an earthquake of magnitude 2 is _____ times greater than earthquake of magnitude 1 | Ten |
The ratio by whcih light is slowed when passing through a medium is referred to as the medium's ______ | refractive index |
When heat is transferred through direct contact between two objects, this known as | Conduction |
The ____ part of the brain controls balance and muscle coordination | Cerebellum |
Primary consumers are also known as | herbivores |
In the metric system, the basic unit of mass or weight is the _____ | gram |
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: Deci | Base x 0.1 |
When two atoms bond by sharing an electron a ______ bond is formed | Covalent |
the ________ carries sperm from the testes to the penis by way of the _______ | Vas deferens; prostate |
Prokaryotic cells are defined as cells that do not have a(n) | Nucleus |
Define gamete | reproductive cell |
When water is evaporated from the leaves of plants, this is known as _____ | Transpiration |
What type of clouds produce precipitation | stratus and cumulus |
Which blood type is the universal recipient? | Type AB |
The ______ is the portion of the brain that controls involuntary actions such as breathing | Medulla |
Name the three ways heat can be transferred form one object or medium to another | Conduction, Convection, radiation |
Water freezes at _____ kelvin | 273 |
What role does pepsin play in the body | Pepsin breaks down proteins in the stomach |
a ____ lens curves outwards; a _____ lens curves inwards | Convex; Concave |
when a gas changes to a liquid, this process is known as ______ | Condensation |
What is produced in the testes? | sperm |
Name the four major components of blood | plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets |
When heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves, this is known as | Radiation |