General Science Knowledge Part 4
This flashcard set provides concise answers to fundamental science questions across astronomy, biology, chemistry, physics, and Earth science. It’s ideal for quick review or test preparation for students and enthusiasts.
a radiator cap has two valves: ______ valve and ______ valve
Pressure; vacuum
Key Terms
a radiator cap has two valves: ______ valve and ______ valve
Pressure; vacuum
Newton's third law of motion states that _____
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
In science, acceleration is often measured in _______
Meters per second, M/S^2
F = ma is the mathematical formula representing Newton's ________.
second law of motion
___ energy derives from an object's position, shape, or state, rather than from its motion
Potential
In science, the delta symbol represents
change in quantity
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
a radiator cap has two valves: ______ valve and ______ valve | Pressure; vacuum |
Newton's third law of motion states that _____ | For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
In science, acceleration is often measured in _______ | Meters per second, M/S^2 |
F = ma is the mathematical formula representing Newton's ________. | second law of motion |
___ energy derives from an object's position, shape, or state, rather than from its motion | Potential |
In science, the delta symbol represents | change in quantity |
A watt is defined as _______ | One joule per second |
A neutral atom has the same number of _____ and electrons. | protons |
The outer shell of an atom is known as its _______ | valence shell |
Frequency is usually measured in _______ | Hertz |
in an atom, protons have a(n) ________ charge, while electrons have a(n) _________ charge | Positive, Negative |
Electrons orbit an atom in a set of layers or levels called ______ | shells |
A(n) _______ is a subatomic particle that bears no charge | neutron |
A level pivot upon a(n) ________ | Fulcrum |
No machine is 100 percent efficient because all machines are affected by | friction |
The most likely place for a cable to snap is nearest the pulling devices/the object being pulled | The pulling device |
Aircraft are designed to be sleek _____ the effect of drag; parachutes are designed with large areas to _____ the effect of drag. | minimalize, maximized |
Static friction only arises in response to an attempt to _______ | move an object along a surface |
Why is an inclined plane a good solution for a lifting task? | The force required will be less than the force required to lift the object directly |
On horizontal surfaces, the normal force is usually equal to _________ | The weight of the object |
Slippery surfaces have _______ coefficients of both kinetic and static friction | low |
What is the formula for calculating torque? | T = rF, |
Define mechanical advantages | mechanical advantage is the advantage gained by using a mechanism to help transmit force |
In a wheel and axle arrangement, force is usually applied to the larger/smaller wheel in order to move the larger/smaller wheel. | Larger, smaller |
When two or more pulleys are arranged to work together, the resulting apparatus is called a __________ | Block and tackle |
What are the two types of mechanical energy | kinetic and potential |
Increase the length of a wedge relative to its height _______ the mechanical advantage provided by the wedge | Increases |
What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy? | KE = 1/2mv^2 |
______ friction prevents an object from moving unless overcome by a sufficiently large force | Static |
In a first-class lever, where is the fulcrum, and where is the force applied? | fulcrum is in the middle and the force is applied at the opposite side of the object to lift it |
What is one horsepower equal to? | 550 foot-pounds per second, or 746 watts |
a pulley changes the ________ but not the magnitude of a force | direction |
for any given surface, the coefficient of ________ friction is higher than the coefficient of _________ friction | Static, kinetic |
How is the efficiency of a machine defined? | how much force inputted into the machine is turned into movement or force |
A ________ is a type of inclined plane that can be moved in order to gain mechanical advantage in lifting, splitting, or tightening objects | wedge |
Potential energy derives form what and has the potential to do what? | the shape of the object and the potential to be converted to kinetic energy |
____ is a term for the ability of a force to cause an object to rotate | Torque |
_____ is the term for the responsive force exerted within an object as the object is stretched | Tension |
In a second-class lever, where is the fulcrum, and where is the force applied | The fulcrum is positioned at one end, the object is in the middle and the force is applied at the other end going upward |
a wheel and axle arrangement links two wheels of different ________ | sizes |
What is the formula for calculating gravitational potential energy? | PE = mgh |
What is the formula for calculating friction? | Ff = u x Fn |
What is the formula for calculating pressure applied evenly to a surface? | P = F/A |
What primarily determines the mechanical advantages of a block and tackle? | The number of pulleys |
_____ is the common term for the force that opposes movement through air or liquid. | Drag |
What does the work theorem say? | Any work done to move an object gets converted to kinetic energy |
How would you increase the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle arrangement? | By increasing the ratio of the diameter of the large wheel to that of the small wheel |
When two surfaces rub together, ____________ friction results. | Kinetic |
a ______ can be struck with a hammer in order to drive home a fastener without damaging the work surface | Drift |
A nut/bolt has external threads, while a nut/bolt has internal threads. | Bolt, nut |
_______ saws are used to cut across the grain of a piece of wood, while _______ saws are used to cut with the grain | crosscut, rip |
The process of adding impurities to silicon or germanium in order to improve its usefulness as a semiconductor is called _____ | doping |
Electrical current is measured in _____ | Amperes |
In most home electrical systems, loads are wired in parallel with a fuse wired in series/parallel. | series |
Identify this symbol | Potentiometer |
What metal is most often used as a conductor in household electrical systems? | Copper |
Identify this symbol | fuse |
Identify this symbol: | ground |
In North America, AC is delivered at ________ Hz | 60 |
Identify this symbol: | circuit breaker |
Identify this symbol: | Ammeter |
instead of carburetors, most cars now have ______ | electronic fuel injection |
What does a catalytic converter do | Process toxic gases and turns it into CO2 and water |