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Biochemistry, 5th Edition Test Bank

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    Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. TEST ITEM FILE Scott Lefler Arizona State University Biochemistry Fourth Edition Christopher K. Mathews Oregon State University K. E. van Holde Oregon State University Dean R. Appling The University of Texas at Austin Spencer J. Anthony - Cahill Western Washington University

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    Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony - Cahill, Biochemistry 4 th edition Chapter 1: The Scope of Biochemistry 1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) The synthesis of which molecule is considered by many to be the root of biochemistry since it was the first synthesis of a biological molecule from non - biological precursors? A) DNA B) urea C) glucose D) glycine E) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Answer: B Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry 2) Prior to 1926, the source of biological catalysis was postulated to be possessed by “ferments” which today are called _______. A) proteins B) nucleic acids C) enzymes D) polysaccharides E) membranes Answer: C Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry 3) Originally, nucleic acids were thought to serve what role within a cell? A) catalysts B) genetic C) structural D) buffer E) none of the above Answer: C Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry

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    Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony - Cahill, Biochemistry 4 th edition Chapter 1: The Scope of Biochemistry 2 4) Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells, but not in animal cells A) chloroplast B) Golgi apparatus C) mitochondrion D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum E) rough endoplasmic reticulum Answer: A Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry 5) Which of the following elements is considered a second tier biochemical element meaning that it is less abundant than first tier elements but still required for life in all organisms? A) H B) N C) P D) C E) O Answer: C Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science 6) Which of the following is a polymer derived from glucose? A) cellulose B) ribonucleic acid C) polypeptide D) deoxyribonucleic acid E) none of the above Answer: A Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

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    Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony - Cahill, Biochemistry 4 th edition Chapter 1: The Scope of Biochemistry 3 7) Which of the following macromolecules is considered a homopolymer? A) polypeptides B) ribonucleic acids C) deoxyribonucleic acids D) starch E) all of the above Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science 8) Which of the following is a role played by proteins? A) structural B) transport C) information signaling D) catalysts E) all of the above Answer: E Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science 9) Of the following biomolecules, which is found only in a monomeric form as opposed to a polymeric form? A) amino acids B) carbohydrates C) lipids D) nucleotides E) none of the above Answer: C Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

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    Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony - Cahill, Biochemistry 4 th edition Chapter 1: The Scope of Biochemistry 4 10) What functional groups are found in the following molecule? A) amine, carboxylic acid and ketone B) amine, carboxylic acid and amide C) amine, aldehyde and amide D) amine, aldehyde and ketone E) none of the above Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science 11) What functional groups are found in the following molecule? A) carboxylic acid, ether, amine and alcohol B) carboxylic acid, ester, amine and alcohol C) carboxylic acid, acetal, amine and alcohol D) carboxylic acid, ether, amide and alcohol E) carboxylic acid, hemiacetal, amine and alcohol Answer: E Difficulty: 3 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

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    Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony - Cahill, Biochemistry 4 th edition Chapter 1: The Scope of Biochemistry 5 12) Of Koshland’s “pillars of life,” which deals specifically with the structure and function of DNA? A) program B) compartmentation C) energy D) regeneration E) adaptability Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science 13) Which of the following best describes homeostasis? A) a non - equilibrium, non - steady state B) a non - equilibrium steady state C) an equilibrium - controlled, non - steady state D) an equilibrium - controlled steady state E) none of the above Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science 14) Since the earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old, which of the following is true regarding life on this planet? A) life forms that arose 3.8 billion years ago were able to synthesize the building blocks of life from non - organic molecules B) the earliest organisms on this planet were anaerobic C) the oxygen in the earth’s atmosphere was originally trapped in ice and thus unavailable for living organisms D) all multi - cellular anaerobic organisms died out as oxygen became more plentiful E) none of the above Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science

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    Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony - Cahill, Biochemistry 4 th edition Chapter 1: The Scope of Biochemistry 6 15) While there are many ways to compare biochemical similarities in organisms, the molecular tree of life is based predominantly on similarities in what biological molecule? A) DNA B) proteins C) ribosomal RNA D) transfer RNA E) lipids of cell membranes Answer: C Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science 16) The genetic information of viruses is contained within __________ . A) DNA B) DNA or RNA C) specialized proteins with defined amino acid sequence D) specialized carbohydrates with defined sequence E) none of the above Answer: B Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science

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    Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony - Cahill, Biochemistry 4 th edition Chapter 1: The Scope of Biochemistry 7 Short Answer Questions 1) The molecule pyruvic acid is found at the crossroads of several biochemical pathways. Pyruvic acid is also known as 2 - oxopropanoic acid. Based upon this name, draw the molecule. Answer: Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

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    Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony - Cahill, Biochemistry 4 th edition Chapter 2: The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment 1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which of the following represents the breaking of a noncovalent interaction? A) hydrolysis of an ester B) dissolving of salt crystals C) ionization of water D) decomposition of hydrogen peroxide E) none of the above Answer: B Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Nature of Noncovalent Interactions 2) Which of the following is the most likely noncovalent interaction observed between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol? A) charge - charge interaction B) charge - dipole interaction C) dipole - dipole interaction D) dipole - induced dipole interaction E) formation of an ester bond Answer: B Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Nature of Noncovalent Interactions 3) Which of the following atoms could interact through a hydrogen bond? A) the oxygen of a ketone and the hydrogen of an aldehyde B) the oxygen of methanol and a hydrogen on the methyl carbon of methanol C) the hydrogen of an amine and the oxygen of an alcohol D) the hydrogen on an aromatic ring and the oxygen of carbon dioxide E) none of the above Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Topic: The Nature of Noncovalent Interactions

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    Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony - Cahill, Biochemistry 4 th edition Chapter 2: The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment 2 4) Which of the following would likely form micelles in an aqueous solution? A) hexane B) glucose C) glutamic acid D) dodecanoic acid E) none of the above Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Topic: The Role of Water in Biological Processes 5) Which of the following best explains the hydrogen bonding that occurs in water? A) the average number of H - bonds formed by one water molecule is the same in liquid and solid water, the only difference is the duration of the H - bond B) the number of H - bonds formed by one water molecule is greater in liquid water than in solid water C) the structure of liquid water is best described as flickering clusters of H - bonds due to the relative short duration of individual H - bonds D) each water molecule is capable of forming 8 H - bonds: 2 from each lone pair of electrons and 2 from each hydrogen E) none of the above Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Topic: The Role of Water in Biological Processes 6) Given the structure of a glucose molecule, which of the following explains the hydrogen bonding between glucose and water? A) H - bonds will form with glucose always being the H - bond donor B) H - bonds will form with water always being the H - bond donor C) each glucose molecule could H - bond with as many as 17 water molecules D) due to the cyclic structure of glucose, H - bonding with water does not occur E) none of the above Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Topic: The Role of Water in Biological Processes

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    Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony - Cahill, Biochemistry 4 th edition Chapter 2: The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment 3 7) Which of the following acids or bases is least likely to be encountered in a biochemical setting? A) nitric acid B) acetic acid C) ammonia D) citric acid E) phosphoric acid Answer: A Difficulty: 1 Topic: Ionic Equilibria 8) What pH range is generally considered to be the physiological pH range? A) 1.5 - 3.0 B) 4.5 - 7.0 C) 5.5 - 9.0 D) 6.5 - 8.0 E) 7.5 - 10.0 Answer: D Difficulty: 1 Topic: Ionic Equilibria 9) Since p K a = - log K a , which of the following is a correct statement? A) acetic acid (p K a = 4.7) is stronger than lactic acid, (p K a = 3.9) B) lactic acid, (p K a = 3.9) is weaker than all forms of phosphoric acid, (p K a = 2.1, 6.9 and 12.4) C) since the p K a for conversion of the ammonium ion to ammonia is 9.25, ammonia is a weaker base then the acetate ion D) for carbonic acid with p K a values of 6.3 and 10.3, the bicarbonate ion is a stronger base than the carbonate ion E) none of the above Answer: E Difficulty: 2 Topic: Ionic Equilibria

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    Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony - Cahill, Biochemistry 4 th edition Chapter 2: The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment 4 10) If gastric juice has a pH of about 1.5, which of the following would be predominantly deprotonated in the stomach? A) phenol (p K a = 9.9) B) acetic acid (p K a = 4.7) C) lactic acid, (p K a = 3.9) D) phosphoric acid (p K a = 2.1) E) hydrochloric acid (p K a = - 6) Answer: E Difficulty: 2 Topic: Ionic Equilibria 11) Given the p K a values for phosphoric acid of 2.14, 6.86 and 12.4, what is the ratio of HPO 4 2 - /H 2 PO 4 - in a typical muscle cell where the pH is 7.2? A) 0.46 B) 2.2 C) 6.3  10 - 6 D) 1.1  10 5 E) none of the above Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Topic: Ionic Equilibria 12) You have been asked to determine the p K a of an unknown acid. In a solution at pH 7.0, you find that 24% of the acid is in its deprotonated form. What is the p K a of the acid? A) 7.9 B) 7.5 C) 6.5 D) 5.6 E) none of the above Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Topic: Ionic Equilibria

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    Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony - Cahill, Biochemistry 4 th edition Chapter 2: The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment 5 13) Citric acid is a triprotic acid with three carboxylic acid groups having p K a values of 3.1, 4.8, and 6.4. If a solution of citric acid has a pH of 5.5, what can be said about the predominant protonation state of the citric acid? A) 1 carboxylic acid group is deprotonated, 2 are protonated B) 2 carboxylic acid groups are deprotonated, 1 is protonated C) all 3 carboxylic acid groups are deprotonated D) all 3 carboxylic acid groups are protonated E) the protonation state cannot be determined Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Topic: Ionic Equilibria 14) Which of the following is the conjugate acid of hydrogen phosphate, HPO 4 2 - ? A) H 2 PO 3 - B) H 2 PO 4 - C) H 3 PO 4 D) H 2 PO 4 2 - E) none of the above Answer: B Difficulty: 1 Topic: Ionic Equilibria 15) Formic acid is the active agent in an ant bite. What is the ratio of base/acid for formic acid ( p K a 3.9) in the blood stream at pH 7.4? A) 3.16  10 - 4 B) 3.16  10 3 C) 3.5 D) 0.54 E) 1.90 Answer: B Difficulty: 1 Topic: Ionic Equilibria

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    Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony - Cahill, Biochemistry 4 th edition Chapter 2: The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment 6 16) If a buffer is made with the pH below the p K a of the weak acid, the ratio of [base]/[acid] will be: A) less than 1 B) greater than 1 C) equal to 1 D) equal to 0 E) cannot be determined Answer: A Difficulty: 1 Topic: Ionic Equilibria 17) A typical amino acid has a carboxylic acid and an amine with p K a values of 2.3 and 9.6, respectively. In a solution of pH 4.5, which of the following best describes the protonation and charge state of the amino acid? A) carboxylic acid: protonated and neutral; amine: deprotonated and negative B) carboxylic acid: protonated and neutral; amine: protonated and neutral C) carboxylic acid: deprotonated and negative; amine: protonated and neutral D) carboxylic acid: deprotonated and negative; amine: protonated and positive E) carboxylic acid: deprotonated and negative; amine: deprotonated and neutral Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Topic: Ionic Equilibria 18) Glutamic acid contains two carboxylic acid groups (p K a values of 2.2 and 4.2) and an amine group (p K a 9.7). What is the pI for glutamic acid? A) 3.2 B) 6.0 C) 6.5 D) 7.0 E) none of the above Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Topic: Ionic Equilibria

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    Mathews, van Holde, Appling, and Anthony - Cahill, Biochemistry 4 th edition Chapter 2: The Matrix of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment 7 19) Lysine contains two amine groups (p K a values of 9.0 and 10.0) and a carboxylic acid group (p K a 2.2). In a solution of pH 9.5, which of the following would best describe the protonation and charge state of lysine? A) carboxylic acid: deprotonated and neutral; both amines: protonated and positive B) carboxylic acid: deprotonated and negative; both amines: deprotonated and neutral C) carboxylic acid: deprotonated and negative; amine (p K a 9.0): deprotonated and neutral; amine (p K a 10.0): protonated and positive D) carboxylic acid: deprotonated and negative; amine (p K a 9.0): protonated and positive; amine (p K a 10.0): deprotonated and neutral E) carboxylic acid: deprotonated and neutral; amine (p K a 9.0): deprotonated and neutral; amine (p K a 10.0): protonated and positive Answer: C Difficulty: 3 Topic: Ionic Equilibria 20) In the following titration curve, what does the inflection point represent? A) pH of solution equals p K a of weak acid B) concentration of weak acid and conjugate base are equal C) the pH where the solution would function most effectively as a buffer D) the weak acid is 50% protonated, 50% deprotonated E) all of the above Answer: E Difficulty: 2 Topic: Ionic Equilibria 21) What happens to DNA when placed into an aqueous solution at physiological pH?

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