Campbell Biology, 10th Edition Test Bank

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1Campbell Biology, 10e(Reece)Chapter 1Evolution, the Themes of biology, and Scientific Inquiry1) Cells are _____.A) only found in pairs, because single cells cannot exist independentlyB) limited in size to 200 and 500 micrometers in diameterC) characteristic of eukaryotic but not prokaryotic organismsD) characteristic of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organismsAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.12) In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes _____.A) are more structurally complexB) are largerC) are smallerD) do not have membranesAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.13) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their geneticmaterial but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?A) animalB) plantC) archaeanD) fungiAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.14) To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structureof DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?A) evolutionB) emergent propertiesC) reductionismD) feedback regulationAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.1

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25) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a _____.A) communityB) populationC) ecosystemD) familyAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.16) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the complexity of biological systems?A) An understanding of the interactions between different components within a living system is akey goal of a systems biology approach to understanding biological complexity.B) Knowing the function of a component of a living system can provide insight into its structureand organization.C) Understanding the chemical structure of DNA reveals how it directs the functioning of aliving cell.D) An ecosystem displays complex properties not present in the individual communities withinit.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.17) When a person gets dehydrated while exercising on a hot day, their pituitary gland releasesADH, a hormone that signals the kidneys to retain more water. This is an example ofA) Positive feedback regulationB) Negative feedback regulationC) Chemical cyclingD) Emergent propertiesAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.18) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?A) Bacteria and EukaryaB) Archaea and MoneraC) Bacteria and ProtistaD) Bacteria and ArchaeaAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.2

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39) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?A) near universality of the genetic codeB) structure of the nucleusC) structure of ciliaD) structure of chloroplastsAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.210) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?A) informaticsB) taxonomyC) genomicsD) evolutionAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.211) The phylogenetic tree below _____.A) depicts the three major domains of lifeB) includes unicellular but not multicellular lifeC) includes unicellular and some forms of multicellular life, but not complex animals and plantsD) includes noncellular life-formsAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.2

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412) In the diagram below, "A" is _____ ; "B" is _____.A) the most recent species to evolve on Earth; an ancestor of group "A"B) the most recent species to evolve on Earth; the last common ancestor of Archaea and EukaryaC) the common ancestor of all life; the common ancestor of Bacteria and ArchaeaD) the common ancestor of all life; the last common ancestor of Archaea and EukaryaAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.213) You find yourself standing next to a beautiful rose bush. Which of the following do you andthe rose have in common?A) You both are multicellular.B) You both lack a membrane-bound nucleus.C) You are both prokaryotic.D) You and the rose have nothing in common.Answer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.214) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?A) It requires genetic variation.B) It results in descent with modification.C) It involves differential reproductive success.D) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differentialreproductive success.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.215) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated thatorganisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess _____.A) non-heritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environmentB) non-heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the localenvironmentC) heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environmentD) heritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environmentAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.2

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516) Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of CharlesDarwin'sOn the Origin of Species?A) The publisher was pressured to cease distribution.B) The book was banned from schools.C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated.D) The book was discredited by most scientists.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.217) Darwin's finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?A) mutation frequencyB) ancestors from different regionsC) adaptive radiationD) vestigial anatomical structuresE) the accuracy of the fossil recordAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.218) Cotton-topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. Whilestudying these creatures, you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mateand father more offspring. To test the hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in thesemales, you should _____.A) test whether other traits in these males are also adaptiveB) look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarinsC) determine if hair length is heritableD) test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mateAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.2

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6The following experiment is used for the corresponding question(s).A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at twodistinct times of the year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in midsummerwhen flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and looklike oak flowers. But caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like oaktwigs.How does the same population of moths produce such different-looking caterpillars on the sametrees? To answer this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the samepopulation and collected their eggs. He put at least one egg from each female into eight identicalcups. The eggs hatched, and at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of thefour temperature and light conditions listed below.In each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak flowers, the other oakleaves. Thus, there were a total of eight treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets).19) Refer to the accompanying figure. Which one of the following is NOT a plausible hypothesisto explain the differences in caterpillar appearance observed in this population?A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the development of twig-like caterpillars.B) The cooler temperatures of spring trigger the development of flowerlike caterpillars.C) Differences in air pressure, due to differences in elevation, trigger the development ofdifferent types of caterpillars.D) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.3

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720) Refer to the accompanying figure. In every case, caterpillars that feed on oak flowers looklike oak flowers. In every case, caterpillars that were raised on oak leaves looked like twigs.These results support which of the following hypotheses?A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the development of twig-like caterpillars.B) Differences in air pressure, due to elevation, trigger the development of different types ofcaterpillars.C) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars.D) The differences are genetic. A female will either produce all flowerlike caterpillars or alltwig-like caterpillars.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.321) Refer to the accompanying figure. Recall that eggs from the same female were exposed toeach of the eight treatments used. This aspect of the experimental design tested which of thefollowing hypotheses?A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the development of twig-like caterpillars.B) Differences in air pressure, due to elevation, trigger the development of different types ofcaterpillars.C) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars.D) The differences are genetic. A female will either produce all flowerlike caterpillars or alltwig-like caterpillars.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.322) Recall the caterpillar experiment in which caterpillars born in the spring looked like flowers,and caterpillars born in the summer looked like twigs. What is the most likely selectiveadvantage for this difference in body shape?A) Looking like their food sources allows the caterpillars to move through their environmentmore efficiently.B) Development into the adult moth form is faster for caterpillars shaped like twigs than likeflowers.C) Looking like their food source lets the caterpillars blend into their surroundings, reducingpredation.D) Looking like their food source will increase the caterpillars' feeding efficiency; this wouldincrease their growth rate and survival rate.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.3

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823) How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?A) Theories are proposed to test scientific hypotheses.B) Theories are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; hypotheses typicallyaddress more specific issues.C) Hypotheses are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; theories typicallyaddress more specific issues.D) Confirmed theories become scientific laws; hypotheses become theories.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.324) A friend of yours calls to say that his car would not start this morning. He asks for your help.You say that you think the battery must be dead. If so, then jump-starting the car from a goodbattery will solve the problem. In doing so, you are _____.A) testing a theory for why the car will not startB) making observations to inspire a theory for why the car will not startC) stating a hypothesis and using that hypothesis to make a testable predictionD) comparing multiple hypotheses for why the car will not startAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.325)Agrobacteriuminfects plants and causes them to form tumors. You are asked to determinehow long a plant must be exposed to these bacteria to become infected. Which of the followingexperiments will provide the best data to address that question?A) Determine the survival rate ofAgrobacteriumwhen exposed to different concentrations of anantibiotic.B) Measure the number of tumors formed on a plant when exposed to various concentrations ofAgrobacterium.C) Measure the concentration ofAgrobacteriumin different soil environments where the plantsgrow.D) Measure the number of tumors formed on plants, which are exposed toAgrobacteriumfordifferent lengths of time.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.3

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926)Agrobacteriuminfects plants and causes them to form tumors. You determine that tumorformation requires a large amount of the plant's energy for tissue formation. How might thischange the number of offspring a plant produces, and what is the most likely explanation for thischange?A) The number of offspring should increase, because in general, illness increases thereproductive output of organisms.B) The number of offspring should increase, because the bacteria will provide energy for theplant.C) The number of offspring should decrease, because the plant will divert energy fromreproduction to tumor formation.D) There should be no effect of infection on offspring production because energy forreproduction is independent of infection.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.3Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s).In 1668, Francesco Redi performed a series of experiments on spontaneous generation. He beganby putting similar pieces of meat into eight identical jars. Four jars were left open to the air, andfour were sealed. He then did the same experiment with one variation: Instead of sealing four ofthe jars completely, he covered them with gauze (the gauze excluded the flies while allowing themeat to be exposed to air). In both experiments, he monitored the jars and recorded whether ornot maggots (young flies) appeared in the meat.27) Refer to the paragraph on Redi's experiments. What hypothesis was being tested in the initialexperiment with open versus sealed jars?A) Spontaneous generation is more likely during the long days of summer.B) The type of meat used affects the likelihood of spontaneous generation.C) Maggots do not arise spontaneously, but from eggs laid by adult flies.D) Spontaneous generation can occur only if meat is exposed to air.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.328) Refer to the paragraph on Redi's experiments. In both experiments, flies appeared in all ofthe open jars and only in the open jars. Which one of the following statements is correct?A) The experiment was inconclusive because Redi used only one kind of meat.B) The experiment was inconclusive because it did not run long enough.C) The experiment supports the hypothesis that spontaneous generation occurs in rotting meat.D) The experiment supports the hypothesis that maggots arise only from eggs laid by adult flies.Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.3

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1029) The best experimental design _____.A) includes a large sample size for each conditionB) includes a controlC) alters only one condition between the controls and the experimental conditionD) includes a large sample size and a control, and alters only one condition between the controlsand the experimental conditionAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.330) In the process of science, which of these is tested?A) a resultB) an observationC) a hypothesisD) a control groupAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.331) A controlled experiment _____.A) is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurateB) includes at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatmentC) includes at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variablesD) includes one group for which the scientist controls all variablesAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.332) Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis?I. It is testable.II. It is falsifiable.III. It produces quantitative data.IV. It produces results that can be replicated.A) I onlyB) III onlyC) I and IID) III and IVAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.3

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1133) In presenting data that result from an experiment, a group of students show that most of theirmeasurements fall on a straight diagonal line on their graph. However, two of their data pointsare "outliers" and fall far to one side of the expected relationship. What should they do?A) Do not show these points because clearly something went wrong in the experiment.B) Average several trials, rule out the improbable results, and do not show them in the finalwork.C) Show all results obtained and then try to explore the reason(s) for these outliers.D) Change the details of the experiment until they can obtain the expected results.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/EvaluationSection: 1.334) Which of the following is the best description of a control for an experiment?A) The control group is kept in an unchanging environment.B) The control group is matched with the experimental group except for one experimentalvariable.C) The control group is exposed to only one variable rather than several.D) Only the experimental group is tested or measured.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.335) Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning?A) Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore,the species is photosynthetic.B) These organisms live in sunny regions. Therefore, they are using photosynthesis.C) If protists are all single-celled, then they are incapable of aggregating.D) If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could beto a different genus.Answer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 1.336) The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as _____.A) technologyB) deductive scienceC) inductive scienceD) pure scienceAnswer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.4

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1237) Which of the following best describes a model organism?A) It is often pictured in textbooks and easy for students to imagine.B) It is well studied, it is easy to grow, and results are widely applicable.C) It is small, inexpensive to raise, and lives a long time.D) It has been chosen for study by early biologists.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 1.438) Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying points of view, from differentsubdisciplines, and representing diverse cultures?A) Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking.B) Scientists can coordinate with others to conduct experiments in similar ways.C) This is a way of ensuring that everyone gets the same results.D) People need to exchange their ideas with other disciplines and cultures because everyone hasa right to an opinion in science.Answer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis/EvaluationSection: 1.4

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1Campbell Biology, 10e(Reece)Chapter 2The Chemical Context of Life1) About twenty-five of the ninety-two natural elements are known to be essential to life. Whichfour of these twenty-five elements make up approximately 96 percent of living matter?A) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogenB) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogenC) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogenD) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygenAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.12) Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of thefollowing is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates, but not by otherorganisms such as bacteria or plants?A) calciumB) iodineC) sodiumD) phosphorusAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.13) Which of the following statements is FALSE?A) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the most abundant elements of living matter.B) Some naturally occurring elements are toxic to organisms.C) All life requires the same essential elements.D) Iron is needed by all humans.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.14) Which of the following are compounds?A) H2O, O2, and CH4B) H2O and O2C) O2 and CH4D) H2O and CH4, but not O2Answer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.1

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25) Knowing the atomic mass of an element allows inferences about which of the following?A) the number of electrons in the elementB) the number of protons in the elementC) the number of protons plus neutrons in the elementD) the number of protons plus electrons in the elementAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.26) In what way are elements in the same column of the periodic table the same? They have thesame number of _____.A) protonsB) electrons when neutralC) electrons in their valence shells when neutralD) electron shells when neutralAnswer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.27) Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. Several common isotopes exist, with mass numbersfrom 92-100. Therefore, which of the following can be true?A) Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 neutrons.B) Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 protons.C) Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 electrons.D) Isotopes of molybdenum have different numbers of electrons.Answer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.28) Carbon-12 is the most common isotope of carbon and has a mass number of 12. However, theaverage atomic mass of carbon found on a periodic table is slightly more than 12 daltons. Why?A) The atomic mass does not include the mass of electrons.B) Some carbon atoms in nature have an extra proton.C) Some carbon atoms in nature have more neutrons.D) Some carbon atoms in nature have a different valence electron distribution.Answer: CBloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.2

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39) Which of the following best describes the relationship between the atoms described below?A) They are isomers.B) They are isotopes.C) They contain 1 and 3 protons, respectively.D) They each contain only 1 neutron.Answer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.210) The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen-15 has a greater mass number than nitrogen-14because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains _____.A) 7 neutronsB) 8 neutronsC) 8 protonsD) 15 protonsAnswer: BBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.211) From its atomic number of 15, it is possible to predict that the phosphorus atom has _____.A) 5 neutrons, 5 protons, and 5 electronsB) 15 neutrons and 15 protonsC) 8 electrons in its outermost electron shellD) 15 protons and 15 electronsAnswer: DBloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/ComprehensionSection: 2.212) Fluorine has an atomic number of 9. Which of the following would you do to a neutralfluorine atom to complete its valence shell?A) add 1 electronB) add 2 electronsC) remove 1 electronD) Nothing. If fluorine is neutral, it has a complete valance shell.Answer: ABloom's Taxonomy: Application/AnalysisSection: 2.2

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