Test Bank For Campbell Biology In Focus, 2nd Edition

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1Campbell Biology in Focus, 2e(Urry)Chapter 1Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology1.1Multiple-Choice Questions1) All of the individuals of the same species living within a specified area is known as aA) community.B) ecosystem.C) family.D) population.Answer: DTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.12) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example,plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight toA) the energy of motion.B) carbon dioxide and water.C) chemical energy.D) oxygen.E) kinetic energy.Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.13) The primary source of energy for producers in an ecosystem isA) light energy.B) kinetic energy.C) thermal energy.D) chemical energy.E) ATP.Answer: ATopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.14) All of the living things on Earth along with all of the places where life exists is known asA) an ecosystem.B) the biosphere.C) a biological community.D) a population.Answer: BTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.1

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25) All of the living things in a particular area along with all of the nonliving aspects of theenvironment with which organisms interact is known asA) an ecosystem.B) the biosphere.C) a biological community.D) a population.Answer: ATopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.16) All of the organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem are known asA) a biological system.B) a biosphere.C) a biological community.D) a population.Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.17) Which of the following types of cells lack a nucleus?A) animalB) plantC) archaeaD) fungiE) protistsAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Application/AnalysisLearning Outcome: 1.18) Investigating the molecular structure of DNA in order to understand the chemical basis ofinheritance is an example of which approach utilized in the study of biology?A) systems biologyB) emergent propertiesC) reductionismD) mutualismAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Application/AnalysisLearning Outcome: 1.1

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39) Living things are divided into three different domains. Which of these domains are classifiedas prokaryotes?A) Bacteria and EukaryaB) Archaea and MoneraC) Eukarya and MoneraD) Bacteria and ProtistaE) Bacteria and ArchaeaAnswer: ETopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.210) In her studies of chimpanzee behavior, Jane Goodall collected both qualitative andquantitative data. Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?A) Chimpanzees typically travel together in small groups.B) Pairs of animals take turns grooming each other.C) Young chimpanzees play games in the trees and on the ground.D) Mothers and their infants typically nap for two to three hours each afternoon.Answer: DTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/AnalysisLearning Outcome: 1.311) A single-celled organism isolated from a deep-sea, hot thermal vent was found to have a cellwall but lacked a nucleus. This organism is most likely a member of which of the followingdomains?A) EukaryaB) ArchaeaC) AnimaliaD) ProtistaE) FungiAnswer: BTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/AnalysisLearning Outcome: 1.212) Strong evidence in support of the common ancestry of all life comes fromA) the fact that decomposers include both bacteria and fungi.B) the ability of plants to convert light energy to chemical energy.C) the existence of a nearly universal genetic code.D) the universal use of protein catalysts by all cells.Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/AnalysisLearning Outcome: 1.2Global L.O.: G2

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413) Charles Darwin proposed that "descent with modification" resulted when organisms of aparticular species become adapted to their environment because they possessA) nonheritable traits that enhance survival and decrease their reproductive success in the localenvironment.B) nonheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the localenvironment.C) heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.D) heritable traits that enhance their survival and decrease their reproductive success in the localenvironment.Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.214) Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls illB) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves ten offspring, all of whom survive toreproduceC) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspringD) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduceE) a female who mates with 20 males and produces two offspring who live to reproduceAnswer: BTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/AnalysisLearning Outcome: 1.2Global L.O.: G215) Over time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed landanimals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explainedbyA) an emergent property.B) reductionism.C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.D) natural selection.Answer: DTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/AnalysisLearning Outcome: 1.2

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516) Which of the following was Charles Darwin's most significant original contribution tounderstanding both the unity and diversity of life?A) He documented examples of organisms that had evolved over time.B) He proposed a mechanism to explain the process of evolution.C) He explained the relationship between genes and evolution.D) He observed that individuals in a population generally displayed variation for a number oftraits.E) He suggested that survival depends upon competition.Answer: BTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.217) Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of fungi?A) obtaining nutrients by absorbing them from the environmentB) obtaining nutrients by ingesting other organismsC) producing sugars by photosynthesisD) living in extreme environments like boiling hot springsAnswer: ATopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.218) Which of the following correctly describes the forms by which energy flows through anecosystem from entry to exit?A) heat→ chemical → heatB) light → heat → chemicalC) light → chemical → heatD) chemical → heat → lightAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.119) Burning of fossil fuels releases large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere.Approximately what proportion of this CO2 remains in the atmosphere, contributing to thetrapping of heat close to the Earth's surface?A) less than 1%B) 5%C) 50%D) 90%Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.1

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620) Membrane-enclosed components of cells that carry out specialized functions areA) tissues.B) organs.C) organelles.D) molecules.Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.121) Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization fromlarge-scale to smaller scale?A) ecosystems → biosphere → communities → populations → organismsB) communities → populations → organisms → ecosystems → biosphereC) biosphere → communities → populations → ecosystems → organismsD) biosphere → ecosystems → communities → populations → organismsE) biosphere → ecosystems → populations→ communities → organismsAnswer: DTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.122) Darwin's finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?A) mutation frequencyB) ancestors from different regionsC) descent with modificationD) the accuracy of the fossil recordAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.223) Imagine there is a species-specific fishing regulation that mandates that only adult fish of thisspecies that are 75 cm or longer may be kept; shorter fish must be released. Based on yourknowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average length of the adult fishpopulation willA) remain unchanged.B) gradually decline.C) rapidly decline.D) gradually increase.E) rapidly increase.Answer: BTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/AnalysisLearning Outcome: 1.2Global L.O.: G2

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724) The process of science involves testing which of the following?A) a data setB) a hypothesisC) an observationD) a conclusionE) a control groupAnswer: BTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.325) A controlled experiment is one in whichA) the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate.B) the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe allreactions and process all experimental data.C) there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment.D) there are at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables.Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/AnalysisLearning Outcome: 1.326) Which of the following is a requirement for a good scientific hypothesis?A) It must generate quantitative data.B) It must explain a large body of specific observations.C) It must lead to testable predictions.D) It must be proven to be true.Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.327) Which of the following is the best description of a control for an experiment?A) The control group is kept in an unchanging environment.B) The control is left alone by the experimenters.C) The control group is matched with the experimental group except for the one experimentalvariable.D) The control group is exposed to only one variable rather than several.Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 1.3

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828) Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning?A) If a banana is not ripe, then an ape will not eat it.B) Numerous different species live in sunny parts of an ecosystem; therefore, they are allphotosynthetic.C) Hundreds of cultures of a unicellular alga are incubated in the presence of light, and in all ofthe samples the cells congregate on the side of the culture toward the light. Therefore, the alga isphototactic (attracted to light).D) If two species are members of the same genus, then they are more similar to each other thanthey are to members of a different genus.Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/AnalysisLearning Outcome: 1.3Global L.O.: G229) Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying points of view, a variety ofsubdisciplines, and diverse cultures?A) They can rectify each other's approach to make it truly scientific.B) Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking.C) Scientists can explain to others that they need to work in isolation to utilize the scientificmethod more productively.D) This is another way of ensuring that everyone gets the same results.E) Scientists need to exchange their ideas with other disciplines and cultures so that all groupsare in consensus with the course of future research.Answer: BTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Evaluation/SynthesisLearning Outcome: 1.3Global L.O.: G230) Why is it important that an experiment include a control group?A) A control group provides a reference by which to determine if a particular outcome mayreasonably result from the variable being tested.B) The control group provides a reserve of experimental subjects.C) A control group is required for the development of an "If . . . then" statement.D) A control group assures that an experiment will be repeatable.Answer: ATopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/AnalysisLearning Outcome: 1.3Global L.O.: G2

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931) Which of the following constitutes a controlled experiment?A) using a microscope to observe organisms present in a sample of pond water and recording thenumber of each type of organism observedB) setting up a bird feeder and compiling a list of all of the bird species seen at the feeder over aperiod of several weeksC) growing one set of ten seedlings under white light and one set of the same type of seedlingsunder red light and measuring their growth over a period of two weeksD) growing one set of ten seedlings under white light at 30°C and one set of a different type ofseedlings under red light at 25°C and measuring their growth over a period of two weeksAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/AnalysisLearning Outcome: 1.3Global L.O.: G21.2End-of-Chapter Questions1) All the organisms on your campus make upA) an ecosystem.B) a community.C) a population.D) a taxonomic domain.Answer: BTopic: End-of-Chapter QuestionsSkill: Knowledge/Comprehension2) Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms?A) emergent propertiesB) descent with modificationC) DNA structure and functionD) natural selectionAnswer: CTopic: End-of-Chapter QuestionsSkill: Knowledge/Comprehension3) A controlled experiment is one thatA) proceeds slowly enough that a scientist can make careful records of the results.B) tests experimental and control groups in parallel.C) is repeated many times to make sure the results are accurate.D) keeps all variables constant.Answer: BTopic: End-of-Chapter QuestionsSkill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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104) Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science?A) Theories are hypotheses that have been proved.B) Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers.C) Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power.D) Theories are proved true; hypotheses are often contradicted by experimental results.Answer: CTopic: End-of-Chapter QuestionsSkill: Knowledge/Comprehension5) Which of the following best describes the logic of scientific inquiry?A) If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it.B) If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis.C) If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis.D) If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.Answer: DTopic: End-of-Chapter QuestionsSkill: Application/Analysis

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1Campbell Biology in Focus, 2e(Urry)Chapter 2The Chemical Context of Life2.1Multiple-Choice Questions1) About 20-25% of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four ofthese elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?A) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogenB) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogenC) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogenD) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygenE) carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calciumAnswer: DTopic: Concept 2.1Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 2.12) Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of thefollowing is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates?A) nitrogenB) calciumC) iodineD) sodiumE) phosphorusAnswer: CTopic: Concept 2.1Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 2.13) Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of thefollowing is a trace element that is required by all organisms?A) ironB) calciumC) iodineD) sodiumE) potassiumAnswer: ATopic: Concept 2.1Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 2.1

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24) Which of the following is primarily responsible for the unique chemical properties of eachelement?A) Each element has a unique atomic mass.B) Each element has a unique atomic number.C) Each element has a unique number of protons.D) Each element has a unique number of neutrons.E) Each element has unique radioactive properties.Answer: CTopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 2.25) From the atomic mass, one can deduce the number of ________ in each atom of an element.A) protonsB) neutronsC) electronsD) protons plus electronsE) protons plus neutronsAnswer: ETopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Application/AnalysisLearning Outcome: 2.26) In what way are elements in the same column of the periodic table the same?A) They have the same number of protons.B) They have the same number of neutrons.C) They have the same number of electrons.D) They have the same number of electrons in their valence shell.E) They have the same number of electron shells.Answer: DTopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 2.27) In what way are elements in the same row of the periodic table the same?A) They have the same number of protons.B) They have the same number of neutrons.C) They have the same number of electrons.D) They have the same number of electrons in their valence shell.E) They have the same number of electron shells.Answer: ETopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 2.2

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38) The nucleus of a nitrogen atom contains 7 neutrons and 7 protons. Which of the following is acorrect statement concerning nitrogen?A) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 7 and an atomic number of 14.B) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 7.C) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 14.D) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 7 and an atomic number of 21.E) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 21.Answer: BTopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 2.29) For elements in the first three rows of the periodic table, the position of an element in the rowindicates which of the following?A) the total number of electrons in the elementB) the total number of protons in the elementC) the total number of neutrons in the elementD) the number of electron orbitals in the elementE) the number of electrons in the valence shellAnswer: ETopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 2.210) The chemical behavior of an atom depends primarily upon which of the following?A) the number of neutrons in the nucleusB) the number of protons in the nucleusC) the number of electrons in the valence shellD) the total number of electrons contained by the atomE) the number of electron shells contained by the atomAnswer: CTopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 2.2

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411) Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. Several common isotopes exist, with massnumbers of 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, and 100. Therefore, which of the following is true?A) Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 neutrons.B) The isotopes of molybdenum have different electron configurations.C) The isotopes of molybdenum can have between 50 and 58 protons.D) The isotopes of molybdenum have between 50 and 58 neutrons and have different electronconfigurations.E) The isotopes of molybdenum have between 50 and 58 protons and have different electronconfigurations.Answer: ATopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 2.212) One difference between carbon-12 (C) and carbon-14 (C) is that carbon-14 hasA) two more protons than carbon-12.B) two more electrons than carbon-12.C) two more neutrons than carbon-12.D) two more protons and two more neutrons than carbon-12.E) two more electrons and two more protons than carbon-12.Answer: CTopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 2.213) An atom has 6 electrons in its outer shell. How many unpaired electrons does it have?A) 0B) 2C) 4D) 6E) 2 or 4Answer: BTopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 2.2

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514) The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen-15 is heavier than nitrogen-14 because theatomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains how many neutrons?A) 6B) 7C) 8D) 12E) 14Answer: CTopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 2.215) Argon has atomic number 18. Which of the following statements about argon is true?A) It has 10 electrons in its outer electron shell.B) It is inert.C) It has an atomic mass of 18 daltons.D) It has six valence electrons.E) It resides in the first column of the periodic table.Answer: BTopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 2.216) The atomic number of sulfur is 16, which indicates that a sulfur atom containsA) 16 neutrons.B) 16 protons.C) 16 protons and 16 neutrons.D) 8 electrons in its outermost electron shell.E) 8 protons and 8 neutrons.Answer: BTopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionLearning Outcome: 2.217) The atomic number of each atom is given to the left of each of the following elements.Which of the atoms has the same valence as carbon (C)?A) 7N nitrogenB) 9F fluorineC) 10Ne neonD) 12Mg magnesiumE) 14Si siliconAnswer: ETopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Application/AnalysisLearning Outcome: 2.2

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