Test Bank For Biology, 8th Edition

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1Biology, 8e (Campbell)Chapter 1Introduction: Themes in the Study of LifeMultiple-Choice Questions1) Which of the following properties or processes do we associate with living things?A) evolutionary adaptationsB) energy processingC) responding to the environmentD) growth and reproductionE) all of the aboveAnswer: ETopic: OverviewSkill: Knowledge/Application2) Which of the following is not a theme that unifies biology?A) interaction with the environmentB) emergent propertiesC) evolutionD) reductionismE) structure and functionAnswer: DTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application3) Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from theleast to the most complex level?A) organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population, organismB) cell, community, population, organ system, molecule, organelleC) organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organD) ecosystem, cell, population, tissue, organism, organ systemE) molecule, cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphereAnswer: ETopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application4) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called aA) biosystem.B) community.C) population.D) ecosystem.E) family.

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2Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application5) Which of the following is a false statement regarding DNA?A) Each chromosome has one very long DNA molecule with hundreds of thousands of genes.B) Every cell is enclosed by a membrane.C) Every cell uses DNA as its genetic information.D) All forms of life are composed of cells that have a membrane-enclosed nucleus.E) DNA is the unit of inheritance that is transmitted from parent to offspring.Answer: DTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application6) In terms of the hierarchical organization of life, a bacterium is at the __________ level oforganization, whereas a human is at the __________ level of organization.A) single-celled organism; multicellular organismB) single organelle; organismC) organelle; organ systemD) single tissue; multicellular organismE) tissue; organismAnswer: ATopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application7) Which of these is a correct representation of the hierarchy of biological organization fromleast to most complex?A) organelle of a stomach cell, digestive system, large intestine, small intestine, intestinal tissue,organismB) organelle of an intestinal cell, digestive system, small intestine, large intestine, intestinaltissue, organismC) molecule, intestinal cell organelle, intestinal cell, intestinal tissue, digestive system, organismD) molecule, small intestine, large intestine, intestinal tissue, digestive system, organismE) molecule, digestive system, digestive cell organelle, small intestine, large intestine, intestinalcell, organismAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application8) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example,plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight intoA) the energy of motion.B) carbon dioxide and water.C) the potential energy of chemical bonds.D) oxygen.E) kinetic energy.

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3Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application9) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem isA) light energy.B) kinetic energy.C) thermal energy.D) chemical energy.E) ATP.Answer: ATopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application10) The dynamics of any ecosystem include the following major processes:A) the flow of energy from sunlight to producersB) the flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumersC) the recycling of chemical nutrientsD) the flow of energy to producers and the recycling of nutrientsE) the flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumers, and the recycling ofchemical nutrients.Answer: ETopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application11) For most ecosystems __________ is (are) the ultimate source of energy, and energy leavesthe ecosystem in the form of __________.A) sunlight; heatB) heat; lightC) plants; animalsD) plants; heatE) producers; consumersAnswer: ATopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application

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412) The illustration above representsA) a computer simulation of the structure of a eukaryotic cell.B) a map of a network of protein interactions within a eukaryotic cell.C) an inventory of all the genes in a fruit fly.D) an X-ray diffraction image of the nucleus and cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.E) a computer generated map of the interaction of genes and cytoplasm in a prokaryotic cell.Answer: BTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application13) The lowest level of biological organization that can perform all the activities required for lifeis theA) organelle–for example, a chloroplast.B) cell–for example, a skin cell.C) tissue–for example, nervous tissue.D) organ system–for example, the reproductive system.E) organism–for example, an amoeba, dog, human, or maple tree.Answer: BTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application14) Which of the following is a false statement regarding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?A) Each deoxyribonucleic acid molecule is composed of two long chains of nucleotides arrangedin a double helix.B) Genes are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid.C) DNA is composed of chemical building blocks called nucleotides.

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5D) DNA is a code for the sequence of amino acids in a protein.E) DNA is an enzyme that puts together amino acids to make a protein.Answer: ETopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application15) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their geneticmaterial but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?A) animalB) plantC) archaeaD) fungiE) protistsAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Application/Analysis16) Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is notcorrect?A) Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus.B) Prokaryotic cells contain small membrane-enclosed organelles.C) Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus.D) DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.E) DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.Answer: BTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application17) Which of the following is reflective of the phrase "the whole is greater than the sum of itsparts"?A) high-throughput technologyB) emergent propertiesC) natural selectionD) reductionismE) feedback regulationsAnswer: BTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application18) In order to understand the chemical basis of inheritance, one must understand the molecularstructure of DNA. This is an example of the application of __________ to the study of biology.A) evolutionB) emergent propertiesC) reductionism

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6D) the cell theoryE) feedback regulationAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Application/Analysis19) A type of protein critical to all cells is organic catalysts calledA) feedback activators.B) feedback inhibitors.C) enzymes.D) metabolites.E) nutrients.Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application20) Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency untildelivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example ofA) a bioinformatic system.B) positive feedback.C) negative feedback.D) feedback inhibition.E) enzymatic catalysis.Answer: BTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Application/Analysis21) When blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin, and as a result blood glucoselevel declines. When blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon, and as a resultblood glucose level rises. Such regulation of blood glucose level is the result ofA) catalytic feedback.B) positive feedback.C) negative feedback.D) bioinformatic regulation.E) protein-protein interactions.Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Application/Analysis22) Life is diverse. How many species are estimated to be presently on the earth?A) 1,800B) 180,000C) 1,800,000D) 18,000,000

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7E) 180,000,000Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application23) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?A) informaticsB) schematic biologyC) taxonomyD) genomicsE) evolutionAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application24) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?A) a membrane-bounded nucleusB) a cell wall made of celluloseC) ribosomesD) flagella or cilia that contain microtubulesE) linear chromosomes made of DNA and proteinAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application25) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?A) Bacteria and EukaryaB) Archaea and MoneraC) Eukarya and MoneraD) Bacteria and ProtistaE) Bacteria and ArchaeaAnswer: ETopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Application26) Species that are in the same __________ are more closely related than species that are onlyin the same __________.A) phylum; classB) family; orderC) class; orderD) family; genusE) kingdom; phylumAnswer: B

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8Topic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis27) Two species that belong to the same genus must also belong to the sameA) kingdom.B) phylum.C) class.D) order.E) all of the aboveAnswer: ETopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis28) Which of these is reflective of the hierarchical organization of life from most to leastinclusive?A) kingdom, order, family, phylum, class, genus, speciesB) phylum, class, order, kingdom, family, genus, speciesC) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, speciesD) genus, species, kingdom, phylum, class, order, familyE) class, order, kingdom, phylum, family, genus, speciesAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/Application29) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cellwall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?A) EukaryaB) ArchaeaC) AnimaliaD) ProtistaE) FungiAnswer: BTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis30) A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organismhas a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?A) domain Bacteria, kingdom ProkaryotaB) domain Archaea, kingdom BacteriaC) domain Eukarya, kingdom PlantaeD) domain Eukarya, kingdom ProtistaE) domain Eukarya, kingdom FungiAnswer: ETopic: Concept 1.2

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9Skill: Application/Analysis31) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?A) the ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systemsB) the universality of the genetic codeC) the structure of the nucleusD) the structure of ciliaE) the structure of chloroplastsAnswer: BTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis32) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?A) requires genetic variationB) results in descent with modificationC) involves differential reproductive successD) B and C onlyE) A, B, and CAnswer: ETopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/Application33) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification which stated thatorganisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possessA) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment.C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the localenvironment.D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the localenvironment.E) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the localenvironment.Answer: DTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis34) All of the following statements are part of Charles Darwin's concept of natural selectionexceptA) Slight inheritable variations within a population may make an individual significantly more orless likely to survive in its environment, and thus to reproduce.B) Every organism has the potential to produce more offspring than the local environment cansupport.C) Characteristics of organisms are inherited as genes on chromosomes.D) Better adapted members of a species will survive and reproduce more successfully.E) Most individuals in a species do not survive to reproduce.

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10Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis35) Which of these individuals is most likely to be successful in an evolutionary sense?A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls illB) an organism that dies after 5 days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive toreproduceC) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers 1 offspringD) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves 2 offspring, both of whom survive to reproduceE) a female who mates with 20 males and produces 1 offspringAnswer: BTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis36) In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from thepopulation. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the averageheight of the human population willA) remain unchanged.B) gradually decline.C) rapidly decline.D) gradually increase.E) rapidly increase.Answer: BTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis37) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed landanimals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explainedbyA) natural philosophy.B) creationism.C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.D) natural selection.E) feedback inhibition.Answer: DTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis38) Evolution is biology's core theme that ties together all the other themes. This is becauseevolution explainsA) the unity and diversity of life.B) how organisms become adapted to their environment through the differential reproductivesuccess of varying individuals.

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11C) why distantly related organisms sometimes resemble each other.D) explains why some organisms have traits in common.E) all of the aboveAnswer: ETopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis39) The method of scientific inquiry that describes natural structures and processes as accuratelyas possible through careful observation and the analysis of data is known asA) hypothesis-based science.B) discovery science.C) experimental science.D) quantitative science.E) qualitative science.Answer: BTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Knowledge/Application40) Collecting data based on observation is an example of __________; analyzing this data toreach a conclusion is an example of __________ reasoning.A) hypothesis-based science; inductiveB) the process of science; deductiveC) discovery science; inductiveD) descriptive science; deductiveE) hypothesis-based science; deductiveAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/Analysis41) What is a hypothesis?A) the same thing as an unproven theoryB) a tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiableC) a verifiable observation sensed directly, or sensed indirectly with the aid of scientificinstrumentationD) a fact based on qualitative data that is testableE) a fact based on quantitative data that is falsifiableAnswer: BTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Knowledge/Application42) Which of these is based on a deduction?A) My car won't start.B) My car's battery is dead.C) My car is out of gas.

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12D) I lost my car key.E) If I turn the key in the ignition while stepping on the gas pedal, then my car will start.Answer: ETopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/Analysis43) When applying the process of science, which of these is tested?A) a questionB) a resultC) an observationD) a predictionE) a hypothesisAnswer: DTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/Analysis44) A controlled experiment is one in whichA) the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate.B) the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe allreactions and process all experimental data.C) there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment.D) there are at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables.E) there is one group for which the scientist controls all variables.Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/Analysis45) Why is it important that an experiment include a control group?A) The control group is the group that the researcher is in control of; it is the group in which theresearcher predetermines the nature of the results.B) The control group provides a reserve of experimental subjects.C) A control group is required for the development of an "if, then" statement.D) A control group assures that an experiment will be repeatable.E) Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to thevariable being tested or to some other factor.Answer: ETopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/Analysis46) The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known asA) technology.B) deductive science.C) inductive science.D) anthropologic science.

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13E) pure science.Answer: ATopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Knowledge/ComprehensionTrue/False Questions47) A common form of regulation in which accumulation of an end product of a process slowsthat process is called positive feedback.Answer: FALSETopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Application/Analysis48) Charles Darwin presented verifiable evidence that supported the view that life can arise byspontaneous generation.Answer: FALSETopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis49) Recent evidence points to the conclusion that the ancestral finches of the Galapagosoriginated in the islands of the Caribbean.Answer: TRUETopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis50) Discovery science uses inductive reasoning to derive generalizations from a large number ofspecific observations.Answer: TRUETopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/Analysis51) In hypothesis-based science, deductive reasoning is used to predict a result that would befound if a particular hypothesis is correct.Answer: TRUETopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/Analysis52) Discovery science has contributed much to our understanding of nature without most of thesteps of the so-called scientific method.Answer: TRUETopic: Concept 1.3

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14Skill: Application/Analysis53) Science requires that hypothesis be testable and falsifiable and that observations berepeatable.Answer: TRUETopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/Analysis54) A theory in science is equivalent in scope to a well-structured hypothesis.Answer: FALSETopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/Analysis55) The goal of systems biology is to construct models to predict the emergent properties ofcells.Answer: FALSETopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/AnalysisSelf-Quiz Questions1) All the organisms on your campus make upA) an ecosystem.B) a community.C) a population.D) an experimental group.E) a taxonomic domain.Answer: B2) Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels in life's hierarchy, proceedingdownward from an individual animal?A) brain, organ system, nerve cell, nervous tissueB) organ system, nervous tissue, brainC) organism, organ system, tissue, cell, organD) nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cellE) organ system, tissue, molecule, cellAnswer: D3) Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which Darwin's theory of naturalselection is based?A) Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring.B) There is heritable variation among individuals.C) Because of overproduction of offspring, there is competition for limited resources.

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15D) Individuals whose inherited characteristics best fit them to the environment will generallyproduce more offspring.E) A population can become adapted to its environment.Answer: A4) Systems biology is mainly an attempt toA) understand the integration of all levels of biological organization from molecules to thebiosphere.B) simplify complex problems by reducing the system into smaller, less complex units.C) construct models of the behavior of entire biological systems.D) build high-throughput machines for the rapid acquisition of biological data.E) speed up the technological application of scientific knowledge.Answer: C5) Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains becauseA) protists eat bacteria.B) bacteria are not made of cells.C) protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack.D) bacteria decompose protists.E) protists are photosynthetic.Answer: C6) Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms?A) matching DNA nucleotide sequencesB) descent with modificationC) the structure and function of DNAD) natural selectionE) emergent propertiesAnswer: C7) Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?A) The temperature decreased from 20°C to 15°C.B) The plant's height is 25 centimeters (cm).C) The fish swam in a zig-zag motion.D) The six pairs of robins hatched an average of three chicks.E) The contents of the stomach are mixed every 20 seconds.Answer: C8) Which of the following best describes the logic of hypothesis-based science?A) If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it.B) If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis.C) If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis.D) If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.

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