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Test Bank For Campbell Biology, First Canadian Edition

Test Bank For Campbell Biology, First Canadian Edition covers everything from fundamental concepts to advanced problem-solving strategies to help you excel in your exam.

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    T EST I TEM F ILE Penny Humbry University of New Brunswick Maria Arts University of Toronto Sarah Humphrey University of Windsor C AMPBELL BIOLOGY Canadian Edition Jane B. Reece / Lisa A. Urry / Michael L. Cain Steven A. Wasserman / Peter V. Minorsky / Robert B. Jackson Fiona Rawle / Dion Durnford / Chris Moyes / Sandra Walde Kenneth Wilson

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    Campbell Biology, Canadian Edition Reece, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky, Jackson, Rawley, Durnford, Moyes, Walde, Wilson ii Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology .......................................................... 1 Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life .................................................................................... 23 Chapter 3: Water and Life ............................................................................................................ 55 Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life ............................................................... 84 Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules ..................................... 111 Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell ..................................................................................................... 145 Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function ........................................................................... 175 Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism ................................................................................ 203 Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation ..................................................................... 232 Chapter 10: Photosynthesis ........................................................................................................ 269 Chapter 11: Cell Communication ............................................................................................... 297 Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle ........................................................................................................ 320 Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles.............................................................................. 345 Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea ...................................................................................... 367 Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance.................................................................. 395 Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance ........................................................................ 418 Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein.............................................................................................. 439 Chapter 18: Regulation of Gene Expression .............................................................................. 469 Chapter 19: Viruses .................................................................................................................... 502 Chapter 20: DNA Tools and Biotechnology .............................................................................. 520 Chapter 21: Genomes and Their Evolution ................................................................................ 545 Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life ......................................... 563 Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations ................................................................................. 585 Chapter 24: The Origin of Species ............................................................................................. 617 Chapter 25: The History of Life on Earth................................................................................... 644 Chapter 26: Phylogeny and the Tree of Life .............................................................................. 675 Chapter 27: Bacteria and Archaea .............................................................................................. 705 Chapter 28: Protists .................................................................................................................... 737 Chapter 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land ....................................................... 764 Chapter 30: Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants .................................................... 792 Chapter 31: Fungi ....................................................................................................................... 829

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    Campbell Biology, Canadian Edition Reece, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky, Jackson, Rawley, Durnford, Moyes, Walde, Wilson iii Chapter 32: An Overview of Animal Diversity.......................................................................... 861 Chapter 33: An Introduction to Invertebrates ............................................................................. 893 Chapter 34: The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates ............................................................... 927 Chapter 35: Plant Structure, Growth, and Development ............................................................ 966 Chapter 36: Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants......................................... 987 Chapter 37: Soil and Plant Nutrition ........................................................................................ 1012 Chapter 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology..................................................... 1038 Chapter 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals ................................................. 1064 Chapter 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function.................................................... 1097 Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition ................................................................................................... 1121 Chapter 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange.............................................................................. 1141 Chapter 43: The Immune System ............................................................................................. 1168 Chapter 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion ............................................................................. 1202 Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System ................................................................... 1225 Chapter 46: Animal Reproduction............................................................................................ 1248 Chapter 47: Animal Development ............................................................................................ 1277 Chapter 48: Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling ....................................................................... 1303 Chapter 49: Nervous Systems .................................................................................................. 1327 Chapter 50: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms........................................................................... 1347 Chapter 51: Animal Behaviour ................................................................................................. 1374 Chapter 52: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere .................................................... 1400 Chapter 53: Population Ecology ............................................................................................... 1427 Chapter 54: Community Ecology ............................................................................................. 1464 Chapter 55: Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology ................................................................... 1490 Chapter 56: Conservation Biology and Global Change ........................................................... 1517

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    1 Campbell Biology, Cdn. Ed. (Reece et al.) Chapter 1 Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology 1) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a A) biosystem. B) community. C) population. D) ecosystem. E) family. Answer: C Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into A) the energy of motion. B) carbon dioxide and water. C) the potential energy of chemical bonds. D) oxygen. E) kinetic energy. Answer: C Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 3) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem comes from A) solar energy. B) other animals as a food source. C) the atmosphere. D) plants. E) water. Answer: A Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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    2 4) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope? A) animal B) plant C) archaea D) fungi E) protists Answer: C Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis 5) To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology? A) evolution B) emergent properties C) reductionism D) the cell theory E) feedback regulation Answer: C Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis 6) Once labour begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labour contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation? A) a bioinformatic system B) positive feedback C) negative feedback D) feedback inhibition E) enzymatic catalysis Answer: B Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis

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    3 7) When the body’s blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result of A) catalytic feedback. B) positive feedback. C) negative feedback. D) bioinformatic regulation. E) protein-protein interactions. Answer: C Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis 8) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms? A) informatics B) schematic biology C) taxonomy D) genomics E) evolution Answer: C Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 9) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? A) Bacteria and Eukarya B) Archaea and Monera C) Eukarya and Monera D) Bacteria and Protista E) Bacteria and Archaea Answer: E Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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    4 10) Global warming, as demonstrated by observations such as melting of glaciers, increasing CO2 levels, and increasing average ambient temperatures, has already had many effects on living organisms. Which of the following might best offer a solution to this problem? A) Continue to measure these and other parameters of the problem. B) Increase the abilities of animals to migrate to more suitable habitats. C) Do nothing; nature will attain its own balance. D) Limit the burning of fossil fuels and regulate our loss of forested areas. E) Recycle as much as possible. Answer: D Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation 11) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification? A) Eukarya B) Archaea C) Animalia D) Protista E) Fungi Answer: B Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 12) A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism has organelles and a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism? A) domain Bacteria, kingdom Prokaryota B) domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria C) domain Eukarya, kingdom Plantae D) domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista E) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi Answer: E Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 13) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life? A) ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems B) near universality of the genetic code C) structure of the nucleus D) structure of cilia E) structure of chloroplasts Answer: B Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis

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    5 14) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection? A) It requires genetic variation. B) It results in descent with modification. C) It involves differential reproductive success. D) It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive success. E) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential reproductive success. Answer: E Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 15) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess A) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment. B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment. C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. E) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. Answer: D Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 16) Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense? A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduce Answer: B Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis

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    6 17) In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from the population before they reproduce. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average height of the human population will A) remain unchanged. B) gradually decline. C) rapidly decline. D) gradually increase. E) rapidly increase. Answer: B Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 18) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by A) natural philosophy. B) creationism. C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life. D) natural selection. E) feedback inhibition. Answer: D Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 19) Which of the following statements is true ? A) A kingdom can include several subgroups known as domains. B) All eukarya belong to one domain. C) All prokaryotes belong to one domain. D) The importance of fungi has led scientists to make them the whole of one domain. E) Only organisms that produce their own food belong to one of the domains. Answer: B Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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    7 20) Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species? A) The book received little attention except from a small scientific community. B) The book was banned from schools. C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated. D) The book’s authorship was disputed. E) The book was discredited by most scientists. Answer: C Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 21) Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking? A) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time. B) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now. C) He described the relationship between genes and evolution. D) He proposed the mechanism that explained how evolution takes place. E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring. Answer: D Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 22) Darwin’s finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following? A) mutation frequency B) ancestors from different regions C) adaptive radiation D) vestigial anatomic structures E) the accuracy of the fossil record Answer: C Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 23) Which of the following categories of organisms is least likely to be revised? A) kingdom B) class C) order D) phylum E) species Answer: E Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

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    8 24) According to Darwinian theory, which of the following exhibits the greatest fitness for evolutionary success? A) the species with the longest life B) the individuals within a population that have the greatest reproductive success C) the phylum with members that occupy the greatest number of habitats D) the community of organisms that is capable of living in the most nutrient-poor biome E) the organism that produces its own nutrients most efficiently Answer: B Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 25) Similarities and differences among/between life-forms over time are most efficiently recorded by scientists in which field(s) of study? A) paleontology B) paleontology and anatomy C) paleontology, anatomy, and taxonomy D) paleontology, anatomy, taxonomy, and genetics E) paleontology, anatomy, taxonomy, genetics, and ecology Answer: E Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation 26) Why is the theme of evolution considered to be the core theme of biology by biologists? A) It provides a framework within which all biological investigation makes sense. B) It is recognized as the core theme of biology by organizations such as the National Science Foundation. C) Controversy about this theory provides a basis for a great deal of experimental research. D) Since it cannot be proven, biologists will be able to study evolutionary possibilities for many years. E) Biologists do not subscribe to alternative models. Answer: A Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

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    9 27) The method of scientific inquiry that draws conclusions from careful observation and the analysis of data is known as A) hypothesis-based science. B) deductive reasoning. C) inductive reasoning. D) quantitative science. E) qualitative science. Answer: C Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 28) When applying the process of science, which of these is specifically tested? A) a question B) a result C) an observation D) a prediction E) a hypothesis Answer: D Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 29) A controlled experiment is one in which A) the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate. B) the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions and process all experimental data. C) there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment. D) there are at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables. E) there is one group for which the scientist controls all variables. Answer: C Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.3 Skill: Application/Analysis 30) Why is it important that an experiment include a control group? A) The control group is the group that the researcher is in control of, the group in which the researcher predetermines the results. B) The control group provides a reserve of experimental subjects. C) A control group is required for the development of an "If…then" statement. D) A control group assures that an experiment will be repeatable. E) Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested. Answer: E Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.3 Skill: Application/Analysis

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    10 31) The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as A) technology. B) deductive science. C) inductive science. D) anthropologic science. E) pure science. Answer: A Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 32) Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis? I. It is testable. II. It is falsifiable. III. It produces quantitative data. IV. It produces results that can be replicated. A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and II E) III and IV Answer: D Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 33) When a hypothesis cannot be written in an "If…then" format, what does this mean? A) It does not represent deductive reasoning. B) It cannot be a scientific hypothesis. C) The subject cannot be explored scientifically. D) The hypothesizer does not have sufficient information. E) It cannot be testable. Answer: A Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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    11 34) Which of the following is the best description of a control for an experiment? A) The control group is kept in an unchanging environment. B) The control is left alone by the experimenters. C) The control group is matched with the experimental group except for the one experimental variable. D) The control group is exposed to only one variable rather than several. E) Only the experimental group is tested or measured. Answer: C Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 35) Given the cooperativity of science, which of the following is most likely to result in an investigator being intellectually looked down upon by other scientists? A) Making money as the result of studies in which a new medication is discovered. B) Doing meticulous experiments that show data that contradict what has been previously reported by the scientific community. C) Spending most of a lifetime investigating a small and seemingly unimportant organism. D) Getting negative results from the same set of experiments. E) Being found to have falsified or created data to better fit a hypothesis. Answer: E Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.3 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation 36) Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning? A) Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore, the species is photosynthetic. B) These organisms live in sunny parts of this area so they are able to photosynthesize. C) If horses are always found grazing on grass, they can be only herbivores and not omnivores. D) If protists are all single-celled, then they are incapable of aggregating. E) If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could be to a different genus. Answer: A Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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    12 37) In a high school laboratory, which of the following constitutes an experiment? I. learning to use a microscope by examining fixed specimens on slides II. being able to examine swimming protists under a microscope III. extracting pigments from plant leaves and separating the types of pigments for identification IV. preparing root tips for examination by staining them A) I only B) II only C) III only D) II and III only E) II, III, and IV Answer: C Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 38) Which of the following best describes a model organism? A) It is often pictured in textbooks and easy for students to imagine. B) It lends itself to many studies that are useful to beginning students. C) It is well studied, easy to grow, and results are widely applicable. D) It is small, inexpensive to grow, and lives a long time. E) It has been chosen for study by the earliest biologists. Answer: C Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 39) Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying points of view, a variety of subdisciplines, and diverse cultures? A) They can rectify each other’s approach to make it truly scientific. B) Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking. C) Scientists can explain to others that they need to work in isolation to utilize the scientific method more productively. D) This is another way of making science more reproducible. E) Scientists need to exchange their ideas with other disciplines and cultures so that all groups are in consensus with the course of future research. Answer: B Type: MC Topic: Concept 1.4 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

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