Test Bank For Campbell Biology, First Canadian Edition

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TESTITEMFILEPenny HumbryUniversity of New BrunswickMaria ArtsUniversity of TorontoSarah HumphreyUniversity of WindsorCAMPBELLBIOLOGYCanadian EditionJane B. Reece / Lisa A. Urry / Michael L. CainSteven A. Wasserman / Peter V. Minorsky / Robert B. JacksonFiona Rawle / Dion Durnford / Chris Moyes / Sandra WaldeKenneth Wilson

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Campbell Biology,Canadian EditionReece, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky, Jackson, Rawley,Durnford, Moyes, Walde, WilsoniiTable of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology ..........................................................1Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life ....................................................................................23Chapter 3: Water and Life ............................................................................................................55Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life...............................................................84Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules.....................................111Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell.....................................................................................................145Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function ...........................................................................175Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism ................................................................................203Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation .....................................................................232Chapter 10: Photosynthesis ........................................................................................................269Chapter 11: Cell Communication...............................................................................................297Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle ........................................................................................................320Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles..............................................................................345Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea ......................................................................................367Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance..................................................................395Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance........................................................................418Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein..............................................................................................439Chapter 18: Regulation of Gene Expression ..............................................................................469Chapter 19: Viruses ....................................................................................................................502Chapter 20: DNA Tools and Biotechnology ..............................................................................520Chapter 21: Genomes and Their Evolution ................................................................................545Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life .........................................563Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations .................................................................................585Chapter 24: The Origin of Species .............................................................................................617Chapter 25: The History of Life on Earth...................................................................................644Chapter 26: Phylogeny and the Tree of Life ..............................................................................675Chapter 27: Bacteria and Archaea..............................................................................................705Chapter 28: Protists ....................................................................................................................737Chapter 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land.......................................................764Chapter 30: Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants....................................................792Chapter 31: Fungi.......................................................................................................................829

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Campbell Biology,Canadian EditionReece, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky, Jackson, Rawley,Durnford, Moyes, Walde, WilsoniiiChapter 32: An Overview of Animal Diversity..........................................................................861Chapter 33: An Introduction to Invertebrates.............................................................................893Chapter 34: The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates ...............................................................927Chapter 35: Plant Structure, Growth, and Development ............................................................966Chapter 36: Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants.........................................987Chapter 37: Soil and Plant Nutrition ........................................................................................1012Chapter 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology.....................................................1038Chapter 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals.................................................1064Chapter 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function....................................................1097Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition...................................................................................................1121Chapter 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange..............................................................................1141Chapter 43: The Immune System .............................................................................................1168Chapter 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion .............................................................................1202Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System...................................................................1225Chapter 46: Animal Reproduction............................................................................................1248Chapter 47: Animal Development............................................................................................1277Chapter 48: Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling.......................................................................1303Chapter 49: Nervous Systems ..................................................................................................1327Chapter 50: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms...........................................................................1347Chapter 51: Animal Behaviour.................................................................................................1374Chapter 52: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere ....................................................1400Chapter 53: Population Ecology...............................................................................................1427Chapter 54: Community Ecology.............................................................................................1464Chapter 55: Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology ...................................................................1490Chapter 56: Conservation Biology and Global Change ...........................................................1517

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1Campbell Biology, Cdn. Ed.(Reece et al.)Chapter 1Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology1) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called aA) biosystem.B) community.C) population.D) ecosystem.E) family.Answer: CType: MCTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example,plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight intoA) the energy of motion.B) carbon dioxide and water.C) the potential energy of chemical bonds.D) oxygen.E) kinetic energy.Answer: CType: MCTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension3) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem comes fromA) solar energy.B) other animals as a food source.C) the atmosphere.D) plants.E) water.Answer: AType: MCTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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24) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their geneticmaterial but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?A) animalB) plantC) archaeaD) fungiE) protistsAnswer: CType: MCTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Application/Analysis5) To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structureof DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?A) evolutionB) emergent propertiesC) reductionismD) the cell theoryE) feedback regulationAnswer: CType: MCTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Application/Analysis6) Once labour begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery.The increasing labour contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation?A) a bioinformatic systemB) positive feedbackC) negative feedbackD) feedback inhibitionE) enzymatic catalysisAnswer: BType: MCTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Application/Analysis

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37) When the body’s blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, theblood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretesglucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucoselevel is the result ofA) catalytic feedback.B) positive feedback.C) negative feedback.D) bioinformatic regulation.E) protein-protein interactions.Answer: CType: MCTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Application/Analysis8) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?A) informaticsB) schematic biologyC) taxonomyD) genomicsE) evolutionAnswer: CType: MCTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension9) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?A) Bacteria and EukaryaB) Archaea and MoneraC) Eukarya and MoneraD) Bacteria and ProtistaE) Bacteria and ArchaeaAnswer: EType: MCTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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410) Global warming, as demonstrated by observations such as melting of glaciers, increasingCO2 levels, and increasing average ambient temperatures, has already had many effects on livingorganisms. Which of the following might best offer a solution to this problem?A) Continue to measure these and other parameters of the problem.B) Increase the abilities of animals to migrate to more suitable habitats.C) Do nothing; nature will attain its own balance.D) Limit the burning of fossil fuels and regulate our loss of forested areas.E) Recycle as much as possible.Answer: DType: MCTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation11) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cellwall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?A) EukaryaB) ArchaeaC) AnimaliaD) ProtistaE) FungiAnswer: BType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis12) A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organismhas organelles and a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?A) domain Bacteria, kingdom ProkaryotaB) domain Archaea, kingdom BacteriaC) domain Eukarya, kingdom PlantaeD) domain Eukarya, kingdom ProtistaE) domain Eukarya, kingdom FungiAnswer: EType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis13) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?A) ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systemsB) near universality of the genetic codeC) structure of the nucleusD) structure of ciliaE) structure of chloroplastsAnswer: BType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis

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514) Which of the following is (are)trueof natural selection?A) It requires genetic variation.B) It results in descent with modification.C) It involves differential reproductive success.D) It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive success.E) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differentialreproductive success.Answer: EType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension15) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated thatorganisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possessA) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment.C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.E) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.Answer: DType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension16) Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls illB) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive toreproduceC) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspringD) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduceE) a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduceAnswer: BType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis

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617) In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from thepopulation before they reproduce. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you wouldpredict that the average height of the human population willA) remain unchanged.B) gradually decline.C) rapidly decline.D) gradually increase.E) rapidly increase.Answer: BType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis18) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed landanimals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained byA) natural philosophy.B) creationism.C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.D) natural selection.E) feedback inhibition.Answer: DType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis19) Which of the following statements istrue?A) A kingdom can include several subgroups known as domains.B) All eukarya belong to one domain.C) All prokaryotes belong to one domain.D) The importance of fungi has led scientists to make them the whole of one domain.E) Only organisms that produce their own food belong to one of the domains.Answer: BType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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720) Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of CharlesDarwin’sOn the Origin of Species?A) The book received little attention except from a small scientific community.B) The book was banned from schools.C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated.D) The book’s authorship was disputed.E) The book was discredited by most scientists.Answer: CType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension21) Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?A) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time.B) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.C) He described the relationship between genes and evolution.D) He proposed the mechanism that explained how evolution takes place.E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.Answer: DType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension22) Darwin’s finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?A) mutation frequencyB) ancestors from different regionsC) adaptive radiationD) vestigial anatomic structuresE) the accuracy of the fossil recordAnswer: CType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension23) Which of the following categories of organisms is least likely to be revised?A) kingdomB) classC) orderD) phylumE) speciesAnswer: EType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

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824) According to Darwinian theory, which of the following exhibits the greatest fitness forevolutionary success?A) the species with the longest lifeB) the individuals within a population that have the greatest reproductive successC) the phylum with members that occupy the greatest number of habitatsD) the community of organisms that is capable of living in the most nutrient-poor biomeE) the organism that produces its own nutrients most efficientlyAnswer: BType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension25) Similarities and differences among/between life-forms over time are most efficientlyrecorded by scientists in which field(s) of study?A) paleontologyB) paleontology and anatomyC) paleontology, anatomy, and taxonomyD) paleontology, anatomy, taxonomy, and geneticsE) paleontology, anatomy, taxonomy, genetics, and ecologyAnswer: EType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation26) Why is the theme of evolution considered to be the core theme of biology by biologists?A) It provides a framework within which all biological investigation makes sense.B) It is recognized as the core theme of biology by organizations such as the National ScienceFoundation.C) Controversy about this theory provides a basis for a great deal of experimental research.D) Since it cannot be proven, biologists will be able to study evolutionary possibilities for manyyears.E) Biologists do not subscribe to alternative models.Answer: AType: MCTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

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927) The method of scientific inquiry that draws conclusions from careful observation and theanalysis of data is known asA) hypothesis-based science.B) deductive reasoning.C) inductive reasoning.D) quantitative science.E) qualitative science.Answer: CType: MCTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension28) When applying the process of science, which of these is specifically tested?A) a questionB) a resultC) an observationD) a predictionE) a hypothesisAnswer: DType: MCTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension29) A controlled experiment is one in whichA) the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate.B) the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe allreactions and process all experimental data.C) there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment.D) there are at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables.E) there is one group for which the scientist controls all variables.Answer: CType: MCTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/Analysis30) Why is it important that an experiment include a control group?A) The control group is the group that the researcher is in control of, the group in which theresearcher predetermines the results.B) The control group provides a reserve of experimental subjects.C) A control group is required for the development of an "If…then" statement.D) A control group assures that an experiment will be repeatable.E) Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to thevariable being tested.Answer: EType: MCTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Application/Analysis

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1031) The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known asA) technology.B) deductive science.C) inductive science.D) anthropologic science.E) pure science.Answer: AType: MCTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension32) Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis?I.It is testable.II.It is falsifiable.III.It produces quantitative data.IV. It produces results that can be replicated.A) I onlyB) II onlyC) III onlyD) I and IIE) III and IVAnswer: DType: MCTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension33) When a hypothesis cannot be written in an "If…then" format, what does this mean?A) It does not represent deductive reasoning.B) It cannot be a scientific hypothesis.C) The subject cannot be explored scientifically.D) The hypothesizer does not have sufficient information.E) It cannot be testable.Answer: AType: MCTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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1134) Which of the following is the best description of a control for an experiment?A) The control group is kept in an unchanging environment.B) The control is left alone by the experimenters.C) The control group is matched with the experimental group except for the one experimentalvariable.D) The control group is exposed to only one variable rather than several.E) Only the experimental group is tested or measured.Answer: CType: MCTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension35) Given the cooperativity of science, which of the following is most likely to result in aninvestigator being intellectually looked down upon by other scientists?A) Making money as the result of studies in which a new medication is discovered.B) Doing meticulous experiments that show data that contradict what has been previouslyreported by the scientific community.C) Spending most of a lifetime investigating a small and seemingly unimportant organism.D) Getting negative results from the same set of experiments.E) Being found to have falsified or created data to better fit a hypothesis.Answer: EType: MCTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation36) Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning?A) Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore,the species is photosynthetic.B) These organisms live in sunny parts of this area so they are able to photosynthesize.C) If horses are always found grazing on grass, they can be only herbivores and not omnivores.D) If protists are all single-celled, then they are incapable of aggregating.E) If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could beto a different genus.Answer: AType: MCTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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1237) In a high school laboratory, which of the following constitutes an experiment?I.learning to use a microscope by examining fixed specimens on slidesII.being able to examine swimming protists under a microscopeIII.extracting pigments from plant leaves and separating the types of pigments for identificationIV.preparing root tips for examination by staining themA) I onlyB) II onlyC) III onlyD) II and III onlyE) II, III, and IVAnswer: CType: MCTopic: Concept 1.3Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension38) Which of the following best describes a model organism?A) It is often pictured in textbooks and easy for students to imagine.B) It lends itself to many studies that are useful to beginning students.C) It is well studied, easy to grow, and results are widely applicable.D) It is small, inexpensive to grow, and lives a long time.E) It has been chosen for study by the earliest biologists.Answer: CType: MCTopic: Concept 1.4Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension39) Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying points of view, a variety ofsubdisciplines, and diverse cultures?A) They can rectify each other’s approach to make it truly scientific.B) Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking.C) Scientists can explain to others that they need to work in isolation to utilize the scientificmethod more productively.D) This is another way of making science more reproducible.E) Scientists need to exchange their ideas with other disciplines and cultures so that all groupsare in consensus with the course of future research.Answer: BType: MCTopic: Concept 1.4Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

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