CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008, 5th Edition (2021)

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Table of ContentsCoverTitle PageCopyrightDedicationAcknowledgmentsAbout the AuthorAbout the Technical EditorIntroductionWhat Is Network+ Certification?Is This Book for You?How Is This Book Organized?Interactive Online Learning Environment and Test BankTips for Taking the Network+ ExamHow to Contact the PublisherThe Exam ObjectivesThe Network+ Exam ObjectivesObjective MapNetwork+ AcronymsNetwork+ Proposed Hardware and SoftwareChapter 1: Domain 1.0: Networking Fundamentals1.1 Compare and contrast the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model layersand encapsulation concepts.1.2 Explain the characteristics of network topologies and network types.1.3 Summarize the types of cables and connectors and explain which is theappropriate type for a solution.1.4 Given a scenario, configure a subnet and use appropriate IP addressingschemes.1.5 Explain common ports and protocols, their application, and encryptedalternatives.1.6 Explain the use and purpose of network services.1.7 Explain basic corporate and datacenter network architecture.1.8 Summarize cloud concepts and connectivity options.

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Review QuestionsChapter 2: Domain 2.0: Network Implementations2.1 Compare and contrast various devices, their features, and their appropriateplacement on the network.2.2 Compare and contrast routing technologies and bandwidth managementconcepts.2.3 Given a scenario, configure and deploy common Ethernet switching features.2.4 Given a scenario, install and configure the appropriate wireless standards andtechnologies.Review QuestionsChapter 3: Domain 3.0: Network Operations3.1 Given a scenario, use the appropriate statistics and sensors to ensure networkavailability.3.2 Explain the purpose of organizational documents and policies.3.3 Explain high availability and disaster recovery concepts and summarize whichis the best solution.Review QuestionsChapter 4: Domain 4.0: Network Security4.1 Explain common security concepts.4.2 Compare and contrast common types of attacks.4.3 Given a scenario, apply network hardening techniques.4.4 Compare and contrast remote access methods and security implications.4.5 Explain the importance of physical security.Review QuestionsChapter 5: Domain 5.0: Network Troubleshooting5.1 Explain the network troubleshooting methodology.5.2 Given a scenario, troubleshoot common cable connectivity issues and select theappropriate tools.5.3 Given a scenario, use the appropriate network software tools and commands.5.4 Given a scenario, troubleshoot common wireless connectivity issues.5.5 Given a scenario, troubleshoot general networking issues.Review QuestionsAppendix: Answers to Review QuestionsChapter 1: Domain 1.0: Networking FundamentalsChapter 2: Domain 2.0: Network Implementations

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Chapter 3: Domain 3.0: Network OperationsChapter 4: Domain 4.0: Network SecurityChapter 5: Domain 5.0: Network TroubleshootingIndexOnline Test BankRegister and Access the Online Test BankEnd User License AgreementList of TablesChapter 1TABLE 1.1 Fiber-optic cable specificationsTABLE 1.2 Cable categories and speedsTABLE 1.3 AND Truth TableTABLE 1.4 Key features of UDP and TCPChapter 2TABLE 2.1 Cisco administrative distancesTABLE 2.2 DSCP markingsTABLE 2.3 IEEE STP link costsTABLE 2.4 802.1D vs. 802.1w port statesChapter 3TABLE 3.1 Severity levelsTABLE 3.2 Uptime for nines of an SLAChapter 5TABLE 5.1 Rollover cable pinoutsTABLE 5.2 EIA/TIA 568 crossover cablingTABLE 5.3 RF absorption rates by common materialList of IllustrationsChapter 1FIGURE 1.1 The layers of the OSIFIGURE 1.2 Transport server port binding

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FIGURE 1.3 Transport client requestsFIGURE 1.4 Logical network addressingFIGURE 1.5 Network layer protocol numbersFIGURE 1.6 The Data Link layer and the sublayers withinFIGURE 1.7 The LLC sublayer and the Network layerFIGURE 1.8 An Ethernet II frameFIGURE 1.9 MAC address formatFIGURE 1.10 OSI layers and PDUsFIGURE 1.11 Encapsulation and decapsulationFIGURE 1.12 UDP segmentFIGURE 1.13 TCP three-way handshakeFIGURE 1.14 TCP sliding window exampleFIGURE 1.15 TCP segmentFIGURE 1.16 An IP packetFIGURE 1.17 A typical star topologyFIGURE 1.18 A logical ring topologyFIGURE 1.19 A physical topology of a full meshFIGURE 1.20 A comparison of bus networks to SCSI disk networksFIGURE 1.21 A hybrid topologyFIGURE 1.22 Typical LANFIGURE 1.23 Typical WLANFIGURE 1.24 Typical WANFIGURE 1.25 Typical SANFIGURE 1.26 Example of multiple GRE tunnelsFIGURE 1.27 Hypervisor typesFIGURE 1.28 A DSL networkFIGURE 1.29 The broadband cable networkFIGURE 1.30 A typical satellite networkFIGURE 1.31 A common UTP cableFIGURE 1.32 A common STP cable

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FIGURE 1.33 Coax cable elementsFIGURE 1.34 Cross section of solid core vs. stranded core cablesFIGURE 1.35 A typical fiber-optic cableFIGURE 1.36 An RJ-45 connectorFIGURE 1.37 An RJ-11 connectorFIGURE 1.38 A BNC connectorFIGURE 1.39 An F-connectorFIGURE 1.40 An LC connectorFIGURE 1.41 An ST connectorFIGURE 1.42 An SC connectorFIGURE 1.43 APC vs. UPCFIGURE 1.44 An MTRJ connectorFIGURE 1.45 A typical SFP transceiverFIGURE 1.46 A QSFP transceiverFIGURE 1.47 A media converterFIGURE 1.48 How bidirectional transceivers workFIGURE 1.49 A 66 block panelFIGURE 1.50 A 110 block panelFIGURE 1.51 A Krone block panelFIGURE 1.52 A typical patch panelFIGURE 1.53 A typical fiber distribution panelFIGURE 1.54 Cable management exampleFIGURE 1.55 TIA/EIA 568A and 568B wiring standardFIGURE 1.56 Straight-through cable wiringFIGURE 1.57 Crossover cable wiringFIGURE 1.58 The static NAT processFIGURE 1.59 Dynamic NAT processFIGURE 1.60 Port address translation processFIGURE 1.61 Port forwarding exampleFIGURE 1.62 A broadcast frame and IP packet

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FIGURE 1.63 A unicast frame and packetFIGURE 1.64 IPv6 address exampleFIGURE 1.65 Breakdown of an IPv6 global unicast addressFIGURE 1.66 A link-local prefixFIGURE 1.67 6to4 tunnelingFIGURE 1.68 Dual stack exampleFIGURE 1.69 The DHCP DORA processFIGURE 1.70 The SLAAC processFIGURE 1.71 Padding process of EUI-64 addressesFIGURE 1.72 Bit flipping for EUI-64 addressesFIGURE 1.73 The Windows DHCP/static IP address dialog boxFIGURE 1.74 The ANDing processFIGURE 1.75 Subnetting of an IP addressFIGURE 1.76 Subnet IDsFIGURE 1.77 Host ID calculationsFIGURE 1.78 Creating a subnet calculatorFIGURE 1.79 The subnet calculatorFIGURE 1.80 Subnetting for hostsFIGURE 1.81 Valid host IDs for a 13-bit host ID‘FIGURE 1.82 A variable-length subnet mask (VLSM) networkFIGURE 1.83 VLSM worksheetFIGURE 1.84 A CIDR calculatorFIGURE 1.85 Typical FHRP setupFIGURE 1.86 FTP active and passive modesFIGURE 1.87 An overview of the DHCP processFIGURE 1.88 GRE tunnel exampleFIGURE 1.89 A GRE PacketFIGURE 1.90 ESP PacketFIGURE 1.91 AH packetFIGURE 1.92 AH and ESP

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FIGURE 1.93 DNS hierarchyFIGURE 1.94 Primary and secondary DNS serversFIGURE 1.95 DNS queriesFIGURE 1.96 The Windows DHCP management consoleFIGURE 1.97 DHCP ComponentsFIGURE 1.98 The DHCP client lease life cycleFIGURE 1.99 An example of a network router configured with an IP helperFIGURE 1.100 An example of a DHCP relay agent configured on a serverFIGURE 1.101 Three-tier vs. collapsed core modelFIGURE 1.102 Software-defined networkingFIGURE 1.103 A typical spine-leaf networkFIGURE 1.104 Data center trafficFIGURE 1.105 A typical storage area networkFIGURE 1.106 A comparison between separate SAN and network switching vs. ac...FIGURE 1.107 A private cloudFIGURE 1.108 A public cloudFIGURE 1.109 A hybrid cloudFIGURE 1.110 A community cloudChapter 2FIGURE 2.1 Four-port active hubFIGURE 2.2 Hubs, repeaters, and the OSI modelFIGURE 2.3 Typical managed switchesFIGURE 2.4 Switches and the OSI modelFIGURE 2.5 Typical edge routerFIGURE 2.6 Routers and the OSI modelFIGURE 2.7 Layer 3 switches and the OSI modelFIGURE 2.8 WAPs with internal and external antennasFIGURE 2.9 Access points and the OSI modelFIGURE 2.10 Wireless LAN controller functionality

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FIGURE 2.11 Overview of a proxy server implementationFIGURE 2.12 Overview of a reverse proxy server implementationFIGURE 2.13 UC platform and VoIP gatewayFIGURE 2.14 VoIP gateway acting as the PSTNFIGURE 2.15 VoIP gateway serving POTSFIGURE 2.16 A typical hardware firewall applianceFIGURE 2.17 Firewalls and the OSI modelFIGURE 2.18 NGFW and the OSI modelFIGURE 2.19 Typical wired VoIP phoneFIGURE 2.20 Network print processFIGURE 2.21 Decentralized print processFIGURE 2.22 Peer-to-peer print processFIGURE 2.23 Centralized print processFIGURE 2.24 Access control schematicFIGURE 2.25 HVAC schematicFIGURE 2.26 SCADA systemsFIGURE 2.27 The basic routing processFIGURE 2.28 Two-router networkFIGURE 2.29 Default routing exampleFIGURE 2.30 EIGRP tablesFIGURE 2.31 A traffic shaping exampleFIGURE 2.32 An 802.1Q frameFIGURE 2.33 Hubs, switches, and collision domainsFIGURE 2.34 Two broadcast domains connected with a routerFIGURE 2.35 The MAC address learning processFIGURE 2.36 Duplicate unicast packetsFIGURE 2.37 A broadcast stormFIGURE 2.38 Three switches with redundant linksFIGURE 2.39 Three switches with STP calculatedFIGURE 2.40 Backup and alternate ports

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FIGURE 2.41 A flat switched networkFIGURE 2.42 A network using VLANsFIGURE 2.43 Routed VLANsFIGURE 2.44 An 802.1Q frameFIGURE 2.45 802.1Q trunk link and broadcastsFIGURE 2.46 Untagging and tagging portsFIGURE 2.47 Voice VLAN portsFIGURE 2.48 LACP port aggregation between two switchesFIGURE 2.49 The 2.4 GHz channel planFIGURE 2.50 The 5 GHz channel planFIGURE 2.51 802.11ac data rates vs. distanceFIGURE 2.52 Channel bonding in the 5 GHz radio bandFIGURE 2.53 MIMO wireless exampleFIGURE 2.54 A Yagi antenna radiation pattern exampleFIGURE 2.55 An omnidirectional antenna radiation pattern exampleFIGURE 2.56 Ad hoc wireless network exampleFIGURE 2.57 Basic service set exampleFIGURE 2.58 Extended service set exampleFIGURE 2.59 Mesh WAP exampleFIGURE 2.60 Wireless authentication for 802.1x/EAPChapter 3FIGURE 3.1 Bandwidth vs. utilizationFIGURE 3.2 Latency vs. timeFIGURE 3.3 Jitter vs. timeFIGURE 3.4 SNMP componentsFIGURE 3.5 SNMP monitor graphFIGURE 3.6 SNMP get and trap methodsFIGURE 3.7 Example of an Elasticsearch with KibanaFIGURE 3.8 Event Viewer filteringFIGURE 3.9 Anatomy of a syslog message

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FIGURE 3.10 Anatomy of NetFlowFIGURE 3.11 Network management station availabilityFIGURE 3.12 Policies, processes, and proceduresFIGURE 3.13 A logical diagramFIGURE 3.14 A physical diagramFIGURE 3.15 A conceptual logical diagramFIGURE 3.16 A floor plan drawingFIGURE 3.17 A rack diagramFIGURE 3.18 Typical wiring diagramFIGURE 3.19 Network cable label wrapFIGURE 3.20 Typical site survey reportFIGURE 3.21 NIST Cybersecurity FrameworkFIGURE 3.22 Scaling out a web serverFIGURE 3.23 Typical multipath iSCSI setupFIGURE 3.24 Redundant team of NICsFIGURE 3.25 RAID-1 (mirroring)FIGURE 3.26 RAID-5 (striping with parity)FIGURE 3.27 RAID-6 (striping with two parity schemes)FIGURE 3.28 Example of a high availability clusterFIGURE 3.29 Redundancy in a networkFIGURE 3.30 First-hop redundancy protocols (FHRPs)FIGURE 3.31 FHRP and Firewalls,FIGURE 3.32 Hot and cold aisles in a data centerFIGURE 3.33 Internet service provider connectionsFIGURE 3.34 Typical HSRP setupChapter 4FIGURE 4.1 The CIA triadFIGURE 4.2 Role-based accessFIGURE 4.3 Example of defense in depthFIGURE 4.4 A typical DMZ with two firewalls

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FIGURE 4.5 A typical screened subnet with two routersFIGURE 4.6 A typical screened subnet with one firewallFIGURE 4.7 NAC and 802.1XFIGURE 4.8 Single sign-on exampleFIGURE 4.9 AAA bank analogyFIGURE 4.10 802.1X switch controlFIGURE 4.11 NIST CSF processesFIGURE 4.12 Typical DoS attackFIGURE 4.13 Typical reflective attackFIGURE 4.14 Typical amplified attackFIGURE 4.15 Components of a DDoS attackFIGURE 4.16 On-path attackFIGURE 4.17 Switch spoofingFIGURE 4.18 Double-tagging of VLANsFIGURE 4.19 Example of MAC spoofingFIGURE 4.20 Example of a rogue DHCP serverFIGURE 4.21 Evil twin attackFIGURE 4.22 Brute-force password attacksFIGURE 4.23 Example of MAC spoofingFIGURE 4.24 Example of IP spoofingFIGURE 4.25 Private VLAN terminologyFIGURE 4.26 A typical corporate networkFIGURE 4.27 Wireless authentication for 802.1X/EAPFIGURE 4.28 An inline captive portalFIGURE 4.29 An out-of-band captive portalFIGURE 4.30 A typical site-to-site VPNFIGURE 4.31 A typical host-to-site VPNFIGURE 4.32 Client-to-site VPN connectionFIGURE 4.33 A modem for out-of-band managementFIGURE 4.34 A router console connection

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FIGURE 4.35 A typical PIR sensorFIGURE 4.36 A typical biometric readerFIGURE 4.37 A common access control vestibule setupChapter 5FIGURE 5.1 A router console connectionFIGURE 5.2 A typical Ethernet jackFIGURE 5.3 A typical Ethernet switchFIGURE 5.4 Fiber-optic transceiversFIGURE 5.5 A typical pair of cable crimpersFIGURE 5.6 A typical punch-down toolFIGURE 5.7 A punch-down tool punching a wire into a patch panelFIGURE 5.8 A tone generator and tracing probeFIGURE 5.9 An LC fiber-optic loopback plugFIGURE 5.10 An optical time-domain reflectometerFIGURE 5.11 A typical multimeterFIGURE 5.12 A cable tester pairFIGURE 5.13 A time-domain reflectometerFIGURE 5.14 A cable certifierFIGURE 5.15 NETSCOUT AirMagnet spectrum analyzerFIGURE 5.16 Wire cuttersFIGURE 5.17 Wire snipsFIGURE 5.18 Typical cable strippersFIGURE 5.19 Android Wifi analyzerFIGURE 5.20 Protocol analyzer of a TCP packetFIGURE 5.21 A NetFlow analyzerFIGURE 5.22 A typical TFTP serverFIGURE 5.23 A typical terminal emulatorFIGURE 5.24 A typical IP scannerFIGURE 5.25 Distance vs. speedFIGURE 5.26 Omnidirectional vs. directional antennas

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FIGURE 5.27 5 GHz channelsFIGURE 5.28 2.4 GHz channelsFIGURE 5.29 802.11 Association processFIGURE 5.30 Limited connectivityFIGURE 5.31 CollisionsFIGURE 5.32 Broadcast stormsFIGURE 5.33 Asymmetrical routing exampleFIGURE 5.34 Redundant switch pathsFIGURE 5.35 Routing loop exampleFIGURE 5.36 Incorrect /16 netmask in a /24 networkFIGURE 5.37 Incorrect /24 netmask in a /16 networkFIGURE 5.38 An untrusted SSL certificate warningFIGURE 5.39 A self-signed certificateFIGURE 5.40 The DNS query processFIGURE 5.41 Historical performance charting

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CompTIA®Network+®Review GuideExam N10-008Fifth EditionJon Buhagiar

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Copyright © 2022 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.Published simultaneously in Canada.ISBN: 978-1-119-80695-0ISBN: 978-1-119-80697-4 (ebk.)ISBN: 978-1-119-80696-7 (ebk.)No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 ofthe 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization throughpayment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923,(978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web atwww.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission shouldbe addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online athttp://www.wiley.com/go/permission.Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties withrespect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, includingwithout limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales orpromotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is soldwith the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. Ifprofessional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publishernor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in thiswork as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses theinformation the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware theInternet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it isread.For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer CareDepartment within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available inelectronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site atwww.wiley.com.Library of Congress Control Number: 2021945764TRADEMARKS:WILEY, the Wiley logo, Sybex, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of JohnWiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without writtenpermission. CompTIA and Network+ are registered trademarks of Computing Technology Industry Association, Inc. Allother trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product orvendor mentioned in this book.Cover image: © Jeremy Woodhouse/Getty Images, Inc.Cover design: Wiley

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I dedicate this book to my wife, Teresa, and my son, Joseph. I love you both.—JAB

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AcknowledgmentsI would like to thank my wife, Teresa. She has had so much patience during the writing ofthis book. I would also like to thank the many people who made this book possible, includingthe following: Kenyon Brown at Wiley Publishing for giving me the opportunity to write thisbook; Kim Wimpsett, for working with me as the developmental editor and making the entireproject seamless; Christine O’Connor, for helping with production editing; Buzz Murphy, forserving as technical reviewer to ensure I didn't miss any details; Judy Flynn, for her manyedits that helped make this book a polished product; and Saravanan Dakshinamurthy, forhelping make sure the content was perfect. Thank you to the many other people I've nevermet who worked behind the scenes to make this book a success.About the AuthorJon Buhagiar, BS/ITM, MCSE, CCNA,is an information technology professional with twodecades of experience in higher education and the private sector.Jon currently serves as supervisor of network operations at Pittsburgh Technical College. Inthis role, he manages data center and network infrastructure operations and IT operations andis involved in project management of projects supporting the quality of education at thecollege. He also serves as an adjunct instructor in the college's School of InformationTechnology department, where he has taught courses for Microsoft and Cisco certification.Jon has been an instructor for 23+ years with several colleges in the Pittsburgh area, since theintroduction of the Windows NT MCSE in 1998.Jon earned a bachelor of science degree in Information Technology Management fromWestern Governors University. He also achieved an associate degree in BusinessManagement from Pittsburgh Technical College. He has recently become a Windows Server2016 Microsoft Certified Solutions Expert (MCSE) and earned the Cisco Certified NetworkAssociate (CCNA) certification. Other certifications he holds include CompTIA Network+,CompTIA A+, and CompTIA Project+.In addition to his professional and teaching roles, he has authoredCCNA Routing andSwitching Practice Tests: Exam 100-105, Exam 200-105, and Exam 200-125;CompTIANetwork+ Review Guide: Exam N10-007,Fourth Edition;CompTIA A+ Deluxe Study Guide:Exam 220-1002(all Sybex, 2016); andCCNA Certification Practice Tests: Exam 200-301,First Edition. He has also served as the technical editor for the second edition of theCompTIA Cloud+ Study Guide(Sybex, 2016),CCNA Security Study Guide: Exam 210-260(Sybex, 2018),CCNA Cloud Complete Study Guide: Exam 210-451 and Exam 210-455(Sybex, 2018),CCNP Enterprise Certification Study Guide: Implementing(Sybex, 2018),andCCNP Enterprise Certification Study Guide: Implementing and Operating CiscoEnterprise Network Core Technologies: Exam 350-401(Sybex, 2020). He has spoken at

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several conferences about spam and email systems. He is an active radio electronics hobbyistand has held a ham radio license for the past 18 years, KB3KGS. He experiments withelectronics and has a strong focus on the Internet of Things (IoT).

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About the Technical EditorGeorge “Buzz” Murphy, CISSP, SSCP, CASP,is a public speaker, corporate trainer,author, and cybersecurity evangelist who has instructed thousands of cyber securityprofessionals around the world over the past 25 years with courses, seminars, and consultingpresentations on a variety of technical and cybersecurity topics. A former Dell technologytraining executive, he has addressed audiences at Comdex, Networld, and the NationalComputer Conference as well as major corporations and educational institutions such asPrinceton University. Buzz has earned more than twenty-nine IT and cybersecuritycertifications from such prestigious organizations as ISC2, CompTIA, PMI, and Microsoft,and other industry certification organizations. He is an ISC2Authorized Instructor andrecently served as technical editor for the ISC2CCFP - Certified Cyber ForensicsProfessional Certification Guidepublished by McGraw-Hill (2014). During the past year, heserved as technical editor on five cybersecurity textbooks for both McGraw-Hill Education aswell as Sybex an imprint of Wiley and Sons, which includes technical editor for the recentpublicationCASP: CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner Study Guideby Michael Greg.Having held a top-secret security clearance in both US and NATO intelligence, he has trainednetwork and cybersecurity operators for the U.S. Army, various U.S. government securityagencies, and foreign military personnel across CONUS and EMEA, and has been involvedwith facilitating such course subjects as Critical Site Nuclear EMP Hardening, InternationalCryptographic Methodology, and Computer Forensic Sciences, as well as cybersecuritytopics. Buzz may be reached atbuzz@buzzmurphy.com.

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IntroductionYou may be new to the field of computer networking, or perhaps you are in pursuit ofproving your knowledge and understanding of computer networking. In either case, theCompTIA Network+ certification exam is a great start to your professional development. TheNetwork+ certification is considered by employers industry-wide to be proof of theknowledge of networking theory, skill, and systems. The Network+ certification is granted tothose individuals who have attained this information and show a basic competency formeeting the needs of both personal and organizational computing environments.The CompTIA Network+ objectives have changed with the introduction of the CompTIANetwork+ N10-008 certification exam. This change in objectives and topics from the priorexam was necessary to keep up with the latest technologies used in networks today. Thefoundation of networking concepts has remained relatively similar, despite the introductionof more advanced technologies. This is one of the reasons the CompTIA Network+ exam isso widely valued by employers. As of this writing, the objectives are current for theNetwork+ N10-008 certification exam as stated by CompTIA (www.comptia.org).What Is Network+ Certification?The Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) developed the Network+certification to be vendor-neutral and recognized industry-wide. The Network+ certificationis considered the benchmark of networking theory. Candidates who earn the Network+certification have knowledge of the design, operation, maintenance, security, andtroubleshooting of networks. Employers worldwide recognize Network+ certified individualsas having a basic vendor-agnostic networking theory that can be applied to any specificsystem.The Network+ certification was originally sponsored by IT industry leaders like IBM,Microsoft, and Compaq, among others. The goal was to create a certification that would giverecognition of individuals with a basic theory of networking. Today, more complexnetworking theory is required by employers, and Network+ has evolved into acomprehensive exam. The CompTIA Network+ Exam N10-008 tests five domains ofnetwork theory:Networking FundamentalsNetwork ImplementationsNetwork OperationsNetwork SecurityNetwork Troubleshooting

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For the latest pricing on the exam and updates to the registration procedures, go towww.vue.com. You can register online for the exam. If you have further questions about thescope of the exam or related CompTIA programs, refer to the CompTIA website atwww.comptia.org.

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Is This Book for You?TheCompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008, Fifth Editionis designed to be acomplete, portable exam review guide that can be used either in conjunction with a morecomplete study program (such as Sybex'sCompTIA Network+ Study Guide: Exam N10-008,Fifth Edition, computer-based training courseware, or a classroom/lab environment), or as anexam review for those who don't need more extensive test preparation. The goal of this bookis to thoroughly cover those topics you can expect to be tested on.Perhaps you've been working with information technologies for many years. The thought ofpaying lots of money for a specialized IT exam preparation course probably doesn't soundtoo appealing. What can they teach you that you don't already know, right? Be careful,though—many experienced network administrators have walked confidently into the testcenter only to walk sheepishly out of it after failing an IT exam. I've run across many of thesenetwork administrators throughout my 24 years of teaching networking. After you've finishedreading this book, you should have a clear idea of how your understanding of networkingtechnologies matches up with the expectations of the Network+ test writers.The goal of the Review Guide series is to help Network+ candidates brush up on thesubjects that they can expect to be on the Network+ exam. For complete in-depthcoverage of the technologies and topics involved, I recommendCompTIA Network+Study Guidefrom Sybex.

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How Is This Book Organized?This book is organized according to the official objectives’ list prepared by CompTIA for theNetwork+ exam N10-008. The chapters correspond to the five major domains of objectiveand topic groupings. The exam is weighted across these five domains:Domain 1.0 Networking Fundamentals (24 percent)Domain 2.0 Network Implementations (19 percent)Domain 3.0 Network Operations (16 percent)Domain 4.0 Network Security (19 percent)Domain 5.0 Network Troubleshooting (22 percent)In each chapter, the top-level exam objective from each domain is addressed in turn. Thisdiscussion also contains an Exam Essentials section. Here you are given a short list of topicsthat you should explore fully before taking the test. Included in the Exam Essentials arenotations on key pieces of information you should have gleaned fromCompTIA Network+Review Guide: Exam N10-008, Fifth Edition. At the end of each chapter you'll find the“Review Questions” section. These questions are designed to help you gauge your mastery ofthe content in the chapter.Interactive Online Learning Environment and Test BankThe interactive online learning environment that accompaniesCompTIA Network+ ReviewGuide: Exam N10-008, Fifth Editionprovides a test bank with study tools to help youprepare for the certification exam, and it increases your chances of passing it the first time.The test bank includes the following:Sample TestsAll of the questions in this book are provided, including the chapterreview tests at the end of each chapter. In addition, there are two practice exams. Usethese questions to test your knowledge of the review guide material. The online testbank runs on multiple devices.FlashcardsFlashcard questions are provided in digital flashcard format (a questionfollowed by a single correct answer). You can use the flashcards to reinforce yourlearning and prepare last minute before the exam.Other Study ToolsA glossary of key terms from this book and their definitions isavailable as a fully searchable PDF.

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Go tohttp://www.wiley.com/go/netplustestprepto register and gain access to thisinteractive online learning environment and test bank with study tools.Tips for Taking the Network+ ExamHere are some general tips for taking your exams successfully:Bring two forms of ID with you. One must be a photo ID, such as a driver's license. Theother can be a major credit card or a passport. Both forms must include a signature.Arrive early at the exam center so you can relax and review your study materials,particularly tables and lists of exam-related information.Read the questions carefully. Don't be tempted to jump to an early conclusion. Makesure you know exactly what the question is asking.Don't leave any unanswered questions. Unanswered questions give you no opportunityfor guessing correctly and scoring more points.There will be questions with multiple correct responses. When there is more than onecorrect answer, a message on the screen will prompt you to either “Choose two” or“Choose all that apply.” Be sure to read the messages displayed so that you know howmany correct answers you must choose.Questions needing only a single correct answer will use radio buttons for selecting ananswer, whereas those needing two or more answers will use check boxes.When answering multiple-choice questions you're not sure about, use a process ofelimination to get rid of the obviously incorrect answers first. Doing so will improveyour odds if you need to make an educated guess.On form-based tests (nonadaptive), because the hard questions will eat up the most time,save them for last. You can move forward and backward through the exam.For the latest pricing on the exams and updates to the registration procedures, visitCompTIA's website atwww.comptia.org.

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CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008, 5th Edition (2021) - Page 28 preview image

With so many changes over the past year, Pearson VUE has introduced a change to itstesting policies and procedures with the introduction of online exams. You can nowschedule and take the Network+ exam online from the comfort and safety of your home.The instructions to prepare for an online exam can be found athttps://www.comptia.org/testing/testing-options/take-online-exam.How to Contact the PublisherSybex welcomes feedback on all of its titles. Visit the Sybex website atwww.sybex.comforbook updates and additional certification information. You'll also find forms you can use tosubmit comments or suggestions regarding this or any other Sybex titles.The Exam ObjectivesThe following are the areas (referred to as domains by CompTIA) in which you must beproficient in order to pass the Network+ exam:Domain 1.0: Networking FundamentalsThis domain begins with the descriptions ofthe OSI model layers and the specific function and purpose of each layer are thencovered. The domain examines the various topologies of networks, the various networktypes and characteristics, virtual network concepts, and WAN connectivity. The domainexplores the various cables and fiber-optic cables, connectors and overall solutions forconnectivity, and Ethernet standards. IP addressing, subnetting, and VLSM are coveredto support routing and efficient network design. The domain covers the variousprotocols that can be found at the upper layers of the OSI model. It then covers DHCP,DNS, and NTP and explores basic corporate network and data center networkarchitecture, to include storage networks. The domain concludes by exploring cloudcomputing concepts.Domain 2.0: Network ImplementationsThis domain covers the basic buildingblocks of network devices, such as firewalls, routers, switches, and more. It then coversmore advanced network devices, such as VoIP, access control devices, and SCADA, justto mention a few. The domain also compares routing technologies and bandwidthmanagement concepts. It concludes with the coverage of various wireless standards andcellular technologies.Domain 3.0: Network OperationsThis domain covers the various metrics andcollection methods that can help administrators identify performance problems andoutages. The domain examines the various log files that an administrator might use to

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CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008, 5th Edition (2021) - Page 29 preview image

identify a problem. it also covers the various counters on an interface that can help anadministrator identify a problem. The domain examines the purpose of organizationaldocumentation and the various policies. It concludes by examining high availability anddisaster recovery concepts and solutions.Domain 4.0: Network SecurityThis domain focuses on security for both the physicaland nonphysical aspects of network design and operations. It covers the variousdetection and prevention methods of security and examines the various network attacksthat you may encounter in a network. Wireless security is also covered to support securewireless communications. The domain then covers hardening techniques and mitigationtechniques so that security problems can be avoided. It concludes with remote accessmethods and their security implications.Domain 5.0: Network TroubleshootingThis domain covers the varioustroubleshooting methodologies used to diagnose problems in a network. It then exploresthe various hardware and software tools that you will use to diagnose problems in bothwired and wireless networks. The domain covers both wired and wireless connectivityissues and performance-related issues that you may encounter in your daily operations.It concludes with real-world application of the tools and troubleshooting methodologiesused to diagnose problems in a network.The Network+ Exam ObjectivesAt the beginning of each chapter, I have included a complete listing of the topics thatwill be covered in that chapter. These topic selections are developed straight from thetest objectives listed on CompTIA's website. They are provided for easy reference and toassure you that you are on track with learning the objectives. Note that exam objectivesare subject to change at any time without prior notice and at CompTIA's sole discretion.Please visit the Network+ Certification page of CompTIA's website athttps://certification.comptia.org/certifications/networkfor the most currentlisting of exam objectives.Chapter 1: Domain 1.0: Networking Fundamentals1.1 Compare and contrast the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model layers andencapsulation concepts.OSI modelLayer 1 - Physical

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CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008, 5th Edition (2021) - Page 30 preview image

Layer 2 - Data linkLayer 3 - NetworkLayer 4 - TransportLayer 5 - SessionLayer 6 - PresentationLayer 7 - ApplicationData encapsulation and decapsulation within the OSI model contextEthernet headerInternet Protocol (IP) headerTransmission Control Protocol (TCP)/User Datagram Protocol (UDP) headersTCP flagsPayloadMaximum transmission unit (MTU)1.2 Explain the characteristics of network topologies and network types.MeshStar/hub-and-spokeBusRingHybridNetwork types and characteristicsPeer-to-peerClient-serverLocal area network (LAN)Metropolitan area network (MAN)Wide area network (WAN)Wireless local area network (WLAN)Personal area network (PAN)Campus area network (CAN)Storage area network (SAN)Software-defined wide area network (SDWAN)

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CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008, 5th Edition (2021) - Page 31 preview image

Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS)Multipoint generic routing encapsulation (mGRE)Service-related entry pointDemarcation pointSmartjackVirtual network conceptsvSwitchVirtual network interface card (vNIC)Network function virtualization (NFV)HypervisorProvider linksSatelliteDigital subscriber line (DSL)CableLeased lineMetro-optical1.3 Summarize the types of cables and connectors and explain which is the appropriatetype for a solution.CopperTwisted pairCat 5Cat 5eCat 6Cat 6aCat 7Cat 8Coaxial/RG-6TwinaxialTermination standardsTIA/EIA-568A

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