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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Document preview page 1

Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 1

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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank

Get exam-ready with Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank, featuring clear concepts, step-by-step solutions, and study tips from experts.

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Page 1 of 16
Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 1 preview imageAlvarez and Bachman,Violence: The Enduring Problem2nd EditionInstructor Resource1.SamHosewasavictimoflynchingbecause*a.hewasBlackandkilledhisWhiteemployerb.hewasBlackandrapedaWhitewomanc.hewasWhiteandsupportedBlackvotingrightsd.noneoftheabove2.Thegreaterthesocialdistancebetweenthesocialaudienceandthevictim(relativetothesocialdistancebetweenthesocialaudienceandtheperpetrator),themorelikelyaparticularactofviolencewillbe*a.perceivednegativelyb.perceivedpositivelyc.ignoredd.noneoftheabove3.ThesociologistJackKatz,arguesthatmanyperpetratorsseetheirviolenceasaformofa.selfhelp*b.righteousslaughterc.divinevengeanced.homicidalragee.runningamok4.Thesuggestionthatlegitimateformsofviolenceinfluenceillegitimateformsofviolenceisknownasthe*a.spillovertheoryb.influencetheoryc.devaluationtheoryd.multiplespherestheorye.legitimationtheory5.Allviolenceisa.evilb.tolerated*c.connectedd.useful
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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 2 preview image
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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 3 preview image6.Whichofthefollowingisnotanecessaryelementthatneedstobeconsideredwhenformulatingadefinitionofviolence?a.thedegreeandtypeofinjuryb.theintentoftheparticipants*c.thelegalityoftheactd.thecausesofandmotivationsandjustificationsforthebehaviore.theobjectoftheattack7.Theperceptionofwhetherornotanactisconsideredoneofviolencechangesdependingona.theaudienceb.thoseinvolvedc.thecircumstances*d.alloftheabovee.noneoftheabove8.Whichofthefollowingcountrieshasthehighestmurderrate?a.Canadab.Japanc.Italy*d.U.S.9.Thelegitimacyorillegitimacyofanactofviolenceisfoundina.theintrinsicqualityoftheact*b.theperceptionoftheactc.thephysicalnatureoftheactd.themoralityoftheact10.Whenviolenceisusedasameanstoanendsuchasfoundinmanyrobberies,itisoftenclassifiedasanexampleofa.expressiveviolenceb.structuralviolencec.collectiveviolence*d.instrumentalviolencee.defensiveviolence11.AccordingtoIadicolaandShupe,discriminatorysocialarrangementssuchasracismcanbedefinedasa.expressiveviolenceb.interpersonalviolence
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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 4 preview imagec.institutionalviolence*d.structuralviolencee.instrumentalviolence12.Thegreaterthesocialdistancebetweenthevictimandtheperpetrator,themorelikelyaparticularactofviolencewillbea.perceivednegativelyb.perceivedpositivelyc.ignored*d.noneoftheabove13.Thegreaterthesocialdistancebetweenthesocialaudienceandthevictim(relativetothesocialdistancebetweenthesocialaudienceandtheperpetrator),themorelikelyaparticularactofviolencewillbea.perceivednegativelyb.perceivedpositively*c.ignoredd.noneoftheabove14.Whenviolenceissimplyanexpressionofrage,anger,and/orfrustration,itisoftenclassifiedasanexampleof*a.expressiveviolenceb.structuralviolencec.collectiveviolenced.instrumentalviolencee.defensiveviolence15.WhichofthesefactorsdoesNOTshapethecontextandperceptionofviolence:a.locationofviolence*b.intendedoutcomeofviolencec.rationalefortheviolenced.thevictime.theoffender16.Anexampleofinstitutionalviolenceis:a.rapeb.assaultc.robbery*d.lethalinjectione.vehicularmanslaughter
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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 5 preview image17.Identifythescholar(s)whodefinedviolenceas,"anyactionorstructuralarrangementthatresultsinphysicalornonphysicalharmtooneormorepersons"*a.IadicolaandShupeb.Weiner,Zahn,andSagic.BartolandBartold.KennedyandFordee.Berkowitz18.TheUniformCrimeReportingProgramiscompliedbywhichorganization/agency?a.DepartmentofHomelandSecurityb.CentralIntelligenceAgencyc.NewYorkCityPoliceDepartment*d.FederalBureauofInvestigatione.BureauofJusticeStatistics19.Researchersinterestedinoffendingbehaviorwillextractthemostaccurateinformationfromwhichdatacollectionmethodology?a.focusgroups*b.surveymethodologyc.officialreportsd.courtroomobservation20.WhichofthefollowingphenomenaisNOTanexampleoroutcomeofhoweverydayexposuretoviolenceshapesourlives?a.avoidancestrategiesb.warfarec.gamingd.mediabroadcasts*e.increasedsenseofsafety21.Allviolenceisconnectedbyawebofactionsandbehaviors,ideas,perceptions,andjustifications.*a.Trueb.False22.Nationsthatrelyonthedeathpenaltyanduseviolenceinsociallyapprovedsettingsmayalsoprovideanimplicitjustificationforillegitimateformsofviolenceandhomicideinothersettings.*a.Trueb.False
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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 6 preview image23.Instrumentalviolenceismotivatedemotionssuchasrageandjealousy.a.True*b.False24.TheUniformCrimeReportingProgramfeaturesofficialarrestdatafromstateandlocallawenforcementagencies.*a.Trueb.False25.Thefurtherthesocialdistancebetweenaviolentactandthepersonperceivingit(violenceoccurringinpublicratherthaninone'shome),themorelikelikelythatwitnessistocondemntheviolence.*a.Trueb.False26.Interpersonalviolenceconcernsviolentbehaviorsthatareperpetratedinorganizationalsettings.a.True*b.False27.Structuralviolenceisallaboutinequalityanddiscriminatorysocialarrangementsinsociety.*a.Trueb.False28.TheNationalCrimeVictimizationSurveysolicitsresponsesfromhouseholdmembersasyoungas5yearsold.a.True*b.False29.Explainhowallviolenceisboundintowhatiscalledthe"unityofhumanaggression?"30.WhatarethestrengthsandweaknessesoftheUniformCrimeReportandtheNationalCrimeVictimizationSurvey?
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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 7 preview image31.DiscussWolfgangandFerracuti's"subculturesofviolence"theoryandapplytheirconceptualframeworktodiscussionoftheemergenceoftheKuKluxKlanintheSouthernstates.
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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 8 preview imageAlvarez and Bachman,Violence: The Enduring Problem2nd EditionInstructor Resource1.Genetically,humansareclosestto:*a.chimpanzeesb.gorillasc.bonobosd.orangutanse.itdependsupontheparticularhuman2.Violencehasbeenlinkedwith:a.progesterone*b.serotoninc.insulind.estrogen3.Theevidenceontestosteronesuggeststhat:a.testosteronecausesviolence*b.testosteroneisconnectedwithviolence,butnotnecessarilycausallyc.testosteronehasnorelationshipwithviolenced.noneoftheabove4.Somebiologists/criminologistssuggestthatviolencecanbelinkedwith:a.heightb.weight*c.braininjuriesd.footsizee.facialhair5.Whichofthefollowingtendstohavethelowestlevelsoftestosterone?a.highlevelviolentinmatesb.highlevelnon-violentinmatesc.winningathletes*d.losingathletes
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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 9 preview image6.Whichofthefollowingisnotacharacteristicoftheanti-Socialpersonalitydisorder?a.pathologicallyingb.lackofremorseorguiltc.narcissism*d.goodimpulsecontrole.lackofempathy7.Variousstudieshaveshownthatchronicallyviolentoffendersaremuchmorelikelytohave:a.lowlevelsoftestosteroneb.highlevelsofserotoninc.agreatdealofpatience*d.braintrauma/injury8.Accordingtothefrustration-aggressionhypothesis,whichofthefollowingfactorsincreasethelikelihoodofaviolentreaction?a.thefrustrationwasunintentionallycausedb.thehindrancewasperceivedasbeingfair*c.thepresenceofaggressivestimulisuchasaggressivemusicd.thepresenceofanaudience9.Lowlevelsofserotoninhavebeenlinkedwith:a.depressionb.impulsiveactsofviolencec.suicided.anxiety*e.alloftheabove10.Chimpanzeesengagein:a.murderb.rapec.raidingd.alloftheabove*e.noneoftheabove11.Theargumentthatsuggestswhenapersonisblockedfromachievingsomethingtheywant,becomesupsetandmaypossiblysubsequentlyreactviolentlyisknownas:a.stresshypothesisb.evolutionaryhypothesis*c.frustration-aggressionhypothesisd.differentialassociationhypothesis
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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 10 preview image12.Phrenologyisthestudyof:a.extrahormonesb.geneticsc.chemicalimbalances*d.skullshapese.bodyshapes13.Anatavismis:a.apersonwhoconformsb.achemicalimbalancec.apersonwithamisshapenskull*d.anevolutionarythrowback14.Thedoctrineofatavismswascreatedby:*a.CesareLombrosob.CesareBeccariac.FranzGalld.GabrialTarde15.Accordingtothefrustration-aggressionhypothesis,whichofthefollowingfactorsincreasethelikelihoodofaviolentreaction?a.thefrustrationwasunintentionallycausedb.thehindrancewasperceivedasbeingfair*c.thepresenceofaggressivestimulisuchasaggressivemusicd.thepresenceofanaudience16.Inordertoexplainthehighratesofviolenceinminorityneighborhoods,somehavesuggestedthattheelevatedratesofviolencearedueto:*a.theeffectsofchronicstressb.alackofeducationc.badmoralcharacterd.geneticdeficiencies17.AccordingtoMerton,muchviolencemaybeduetowhichofthefollowingadaptations:a.conformityb.retreatismc.ritualism*d.innovation
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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 11 preview image18.Merton'stheoryisoftenreferredtoasthetheoryofdifferential:*a.opportunityb.ambitionc.povertyd.association19.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanelementofElijahAnderson's"codeofthestreet"argument?a.strongsenseofpersonalhonor*b.risingtotheranksofdrugkingpinc.guardingagainstpersonaffrontsandinsultsd.respondingviolentlytoactsthatchallengerespect20.WhichofthefollowingisNOTameansthroughwhichsociallearningtheoristsbelievethatpeoplelearnbehavior?a.conditioningb.reinforcement*c.originalityd.modelinge.imitation21.BiologicalexplanationforcrimeanddevianceprovidesmuchofthejustificationfortheEugenicsMovement.*a.Trueb.False22.Therelationshipbetweenviolenceandtestosteroneiscausal.a.True*b.False23.AbsoluteDeprivationexplainsthelinkbetweenviolenceandpoverty.a.True*b.False24."CodeoftheStreet"isaculturaladaptationinthefaceofoverwhelmingalienationandracism.*a.Trueb.False
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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 12 preview image25.Theintergenerationaltransmissionofviolencestemsfromexposuretoviolencethatwewitnessinontelevision.a.True*b.False26.GottfredsonandHirschipositthatcriminalityislinkedtolowself-control.*a.Trueb.False27.AccordingtoSampsonandLaub,individualswithweakattachmentstofamilyandschoolhavenotroubleatalldevelopingstrongpositiverelationshipsandgettingagoodjoblaterinlife.a.True*b.False28.Participantsofcollectiveviolencearewellareactingwithreasonandinsteadofemotion.a.True*b.False29.MessnerandRosenfeldarguethatanomieisthe"deregulationofboththegoalsthatpeopleareencouragedtoaspireto,andthemeansthatareregardedasacceptableinthepursuitofthesegoals."Howmightbolsteringsupportforachievinggoalsininstitutionaldomainsoutsideoftheeconomyhelptomitigatetheeffectsofinstitutionalanomie?30.WhatistheconnectionbetweenmanhoodasElijahAndersonconceivesofitin"CodeoftheStreets"andMerton's"innovator"adaptation?31.Discusstheconnectionbetweenonebiological/ethologicalandonesociologicalexplanationforviolentbehavior.Howmightoneimpacttheother?
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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 13 preview imageAlvarez and Bachman,Violence: The Enduring Problem2nd EditionInstructor Resource1.Murderismostcommonlyperpetratedwith:*a.handgunsb.riflesandshotgunsc.knivesd.handsandfeet2.WhyaregunsusedsoofteninAmericanhomicides?a.theyareavailableb.theyareeasytousec.theyarelethal*d.alloftheabovee.noneoftheabove3.Whichofthefollowingisnotavariablethataffectstheroleofgunsinhomicides?a.Lethalityoftheweaponb.Easeofusec.Availability*d.Caliberoftheweapone.Accuracyoftheweapon4.Theproductionofmainstreamweaponryhasincreasinglymovedawayfromrevolverstotheproductionof:*a.semiautomaticweaponsb.handcannonsc.riflesd.machetes5.Thecountrywiththehighestnumberofgunspercapitais:a.Mexicob.Iraqc.SouthAfrica*d.UnitedStates
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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 14 preview image6.Whenaskedwhytheyowngun,Americansareleastlikelytocitewhichofthefollowingreasons:a.constitutionalright*b.formermilitarypersonnelc.self-protectiond.huntingortargetpractice7.TherightofthepeopletokeepandbearArmsisoutlinedinwhichconstitutionalamendment?a.First*b.Secondc.Fourthd.Eighth8.Guncontrollegislationisgenerallynotfocusedon:a.thesupplyandoverallavailabilityofgunsb.limitingtheavailabilityofgunstohigh-riskgroups*c.theharmdonemyfirearmused.regulationscalculatedtoaffecthowgunsareused9.Whichpowerfullobbyingassociationadvocatesonbehalfoftheinterestsofhandgunmanufacturersanddistributors?a.NBCb.NSFc.NIJ*d.NRAe.NASA10.High-riskapplicantsforgunownershipinclude:a.felonsb.fugitivesc.individualswhoseeatherapist*d.answersAandBe.answersA,BandC11.TheAssaultWeaponsBanof1994expiredin:a.1990b.1998*c.2004d.2010e.2013
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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 15 preview image12.Whowasthesocialscientistthatconductedthefirstempiricallinkbetweenviolenceandalcoholuseinmid-20thcenturyPhiladelphia?*a.MarvinWolfgangb.RobertNashParkerc.JaredLoughnerd.JamesBrady13.Alcoholconsumptionaffectsindividualsphysiologicallyinallofthefollowingwaysexcept:a.reducesinhibitions*b.increasesinhibitionsc.actsasasedatived.increasesdopaminelevels14.Theprimarywaysinwhichdrugsmayberelatedtoviolenceare:a.supportinganaddictionb.psychoactiveeffectsofdrugusec.drugtraffickingd.B.andC.only*e.A,BandC15.Crackisaderivativeofwhichillicitsubstance?a.heroinb.PCP*c.cocained.morphine16.PCPcanresultinfeelingsof:a.tranquilityb.weaknessc.euphoria*d.anxiety17.Whendrug-addictedindividualscommitcrimetofeedtheirhabits,theyaremostlikelytoengagein:a.robberyb.assault*c.larcenyd.homicide
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Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank - Page 16 preview image18.TheFairSentencingActof2010reduceddisparityinsentencingforoffensesrelatedtowhichtwoillicitsubstances?a.crackandmarijuana*b.crackandcocainec.cocaineandmarijuanad.marijuanaandheroin19.Thetransferofattitudesandbeliefsthroughexposuretoandadoptionofsocialscriptsisafeatureofwhichtheoreticalframework?*a.SocialLearningb.RationalChoicec.RoutineActivitiesd.Anomie20.Theprocessbywhichindividualsnormalizeviolenceandbecomelesssqueamishaboutitthemoretheywatchitisknownas:a.routinizationb.unityofaggressionc.anti-socialbehavior*d.emotionaldesensitization21.Knivesaredeadlierthanhandguns.a.True*b.False22.Amonghouseholdsthatownagun,theaveragenumberofgunsownedis4.4.*a.Trueb.False23.TheBradyBillof1993mandatedcriminalhistorybackgroundchecksonpersonsapplyingtopurchasefirearmsfromfederallylicensedfirearmdealers.*a.Trueb.False24.TheNationalInstantCriminalBackgroundCheckSystemrequiresthatapplicantsseekinggunownershipwaitatleast12hoursfortheirlicensetobeprocessed.a.True*b.False
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