Developmental Psychology - Physical, Cognitive Development 17–45 | Healthcare

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Study GuideDevelopmental Psychology–Physical, CognitiveDevelopment: 17–451.Health: Age 17–45Young adulthood is a time ofpeak health and fitness. People in their 20s and 30s often havehighendurance, stamina, and energy. Many feel physically strong and mentally sharp during theseyears.However, health doesn’t stay perfect forever. By the late 30s and 40s, somephysical limitations andhealth concernsstart to appear. Withhealthy eating, exercise, and lifestyle choices, many peoplemaintain their physical and mental vitality well into their 40s and beyond.1.1Common Health ProblemsEven in young adulthood, some health issues can occur:•Chronic conditions:Arthritis, asthma, diabetes, high blood pressure, multiple sclerosis,ulcers.•Hidden problems:Heart and lung issues, liver disease, atherosclerosis (hardening ofarteries), kidney problems. These may exist without obvious symptoms.•Other concerns:Disabilities and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can also affect youngadults.1.2DisabilitiesPhysical disabilitiesare conditions that can make daily life more challenging. They may be:•Present at birth (like absence of a vital organ).•Developed during childhood (such as deafness).•Caused by injury or illness later (like spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis).

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Study GuideCommon disabilities in adults includecerebral palsy, blindness, deafness, spinal injuries, andchronic medical conditionssuch as diabetes.Developmental disabilitiesinvolve below-average intellectual functioning and limited social or lifeskills, starting before age 18. Individuals with developmental disabilities often have anIQ of 70 orlessand may need extra support to live independently.Psychiatric disabilitiesinvolve emotional or mental health challenges:•Anxiety disorders:Intense fear or panic that interferes with daily life. Treatment oftenincludes therapy and medication.•Mood (affective) disorders:Includeunipolar depression(persistent sadness, guilt, lowenergy) andbipolar disorder(alternating periods of depression and extreme excitement ormania). Both can be managed with counseling and medication.1.3Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)STDs are infections passed from one person to another through sexual contact. They can be causedbybacteriaorviruses:•Bacterial STDs:Gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis. These can often be treated with antibiotics.•Viral STDs:Herpes, genital warts, HIV. Viruses are harder or impossible to eliminate withmedicine.HIVis the virus that causesAIDS, which weakens the immune system. HIV spreads mainly through:1.Sexual activity involving fluid exchange.2.Contaminated blood.3.Shared needles.4.From an infected mother to child during pregnancy or childbirth.Protection against HIV and AIDSincludes abstinence, using condoms, avoiding high-risk behaviors,and never sharing needles. Although there is no cure, treatments canslow the disease and help theimmune system.

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Study Guide1.4Death and Young AdulthoodYoung adults generally havethe lowest death rates of any age group.•Leading causes of death:Accidents are most common. HIV/AIDS is a leading cause formales, and cancers for females.•After age 35:Death rates roughly double each decade.Health and mortality are also influenced bysocioeconomic status and race:•Less educated, urban, or low-income minorities facehigher risks of poor health andpremature death.•Minority Americans aged 25–45 are more likely to die fromhomicide or drug overdosesthan white Americans in the same age group.2.Intellectual Development: Age 17–452.1Does Intelligence Change in Adulthood?Psychologists have long debated whether intelligenceincreases, decreases, or stays the sameduring adulthood. Research shows mixed results:•Cross-sectional studies(comparing people of different ages at one point in time) suggestyoung adults score higher on IQ teststhan middle-aged or older adults.•Longitudinal studies(following the same people over time) suggestintelligence canincrease through the decades, at least until around age 50.The differences may be influenced by other factors:•Younger adults today may havemore schooling or greater exposure to technologythanolder generations, which could boost IQ scores.•People who stay in long-term studies may perform better simply because ofpractice andcomfort with testing.So, the truth is more nuanced: intelligence isnot static, but how it changes depends on the type ofintelligence and life experiences.

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