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Foundations of Earth Science 8th Edition Test Bank

Foundations of Earth Science 8th Edition Test Bank provides targeted exam strategies, ensuring you approach each question with clarity and precision.

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    1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Foundations of Earth Science, 8e (Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa) Chapter 1 Matter and Minerals 1.1 Multiple - Choice Questions 1) Which of the following best defines the relationship between minerals and rocks? A) A rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometrical, internal arrangement of minerals; a mineral is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks. B) A mineral consists of atoms arranged in a geometrically repetitive structure; in a rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any geometric pattern. C) In a mineral, atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of mineral grains. D) A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular, geometrically predictable arrangement; a mineral is a consolidated aggregate of rock particles. Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G2, G7 Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Focus/Concepts: 1.1 ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works. 2) All of the atoms making up any given element have the same number of ________. A) electrons in the nucleus B) protons in the nucleus C) neutrons in the outer nuclear shell D) electrons in the outermost valence shell Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G2 Section: 1.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.2 ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

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    2 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 3) Atoms that have an electrical charge due to a gain or loss of electrons are called ________. A) ions B) isotopes C) isochrons D) neutrons Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G2 Section: 1.3 Why Atoms Bond Focus/Concepts: 1.3 ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works. 4) When in contact with hydrochloric acid, which mineral gives off bubbles of carbon dioxide gas? A) quartz B) halite C) calcite D) fluorite Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.2 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 5) The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral is known as ________. A) cleavage B) luster C) specific gravity D) streak Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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    3 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 6) Which common mineral is composed entirely of silicon and oxygen? A) calcite B) diamond C) olivine D) quartz Answer: D Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G2 Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups Focus/Concepts: 1.5 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 7) Which of the following silicate minerals is the most abundant in Earth's crust? A) pyroxene B) olivine C) garnet D) feldspars Answer: D Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups Focus/Concepts: 1.5 ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere. 8) Which of the following minerals is a silicate (a mineral containing a silicon - bearing ion)? A) hematite B) feldspar C) calcite D) halite Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups Focus/Concepts: 1.5 ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

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    4 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 9) Which one of the following mineral groups exhibits a sheet - like silicate structure? A) carbonates B) pyroxenes C) micas D) feldspars Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups Focus/Concepts: 1.5 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 10) The ion at the center of a silicon — oxygen tetrahedron is surrounded by ________. A) 4 oxygen ions B) 6 oxygen ions C) 4 sodium ions D) 6 sodium ions Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G2 Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups Focus/Concepts: 1.5 ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works. 11) The resistance of a mineral to scratching or abrasion is known as ________. A) luster B) cleavage C) streak D) hardness Answer: D Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G2 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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    5 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 12) Imagine you are handed a mineral sample. It breaks with a conchoidal fracture but displays no cleavage. It does not react with hydrochloric acid, is a light pink color, and has a nonmetallic luster. It is harder than a streak plate, and has a specific gravity of 2.65. What mineral is it? A) olivine B) potassium feldspar C) calcite D) quartz Answer: D Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: G2, G7, G9 Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups Focus/Concepts: 1.5 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 13) You are handed a sample of an unknown silicate mineral. Which two elements must it contain? A) silicon and oxygen B) iron and silicon C) carbon and hydrogen D) silicon and sodium Answer: A Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups Focus/Concepts: 1.5 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 14) What element is the most abundant in Earth's crust by weight? A) carbon B) chlorine C) oxygen D) lead Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups Focus/Concepts: 1.5 ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

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    6 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 15) Which of the following is a silicate mineral with a single - chained structure? A) olivine B) pyroxene C) amphibole D) mica Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups Focus/Concepts: 1.5 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 16) Due to the arrangement of weaker bonds in their crystal lattice, the tendency of certain minerals to break along smooth, parallel planes is known as ________. A) streak B) cleavage C) luster D) crystal habit Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G3 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 17) An atom's mass number is 13 and its atomic number is 6. How many neutrons are in its nucleus? A) 19 B) 13 C) 7 D) 6 Answer: C Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G2, G4 Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups Focus/Concepts: 1.5 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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    7 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 18) Three of the following are true for minerals. Which one of the following is not true for minerals? A) They have a specific, predictable chemical composition. B) They have an orderly internal crystalline structure. C) They can be identified by characteristic physical properties. D) They can be a liquid, solid, or gas. Answer: D Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Focus/Concepts: 1.1 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 19) Which the following are the positively charged particles in an atom's nucleus? A) protons B) neutrons C) ions D) electrons Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.2 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 20) Which of the following has the highest specific gravity? A) styrofoam B) water C) halite D) gold Answer: D Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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    8 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 21) Which of the following properties would be least useful for identifying a sample of calcite? A) reaction to hydrochloric acid B) three planes of cleavage C) white color D) hardness of 3 on the Mohs scale Answer: C Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: G2, G9 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 22) A cubic centimeter each of quartz, olivine, and native gold weighs 2.5, 3.0, and 19.8 grams, respectively. These weights indicate that ________ . A) gold has a higher density and specific gravity than quartz and olivine B) olivine melts at a higher temperature than either gold or quartz C) gold is 6 to 7 times harder than olivine and quartz D) gold and olivine qualify as silicates, but quartz would not Answer: A Diff: 3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Global Sci Out: G2, G4 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 23) Which of the following silicate minerals forms from single tetrahedra? A) biotite B) quartz C) potassium feldspar D) olivine Answer: D Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups Focus/Concepts: 1.5 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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    9 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 24) If a mineral has a specific gravity of 3, it must be ________ times as dense as water. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 Answer: C Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G2, G4 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 25) ________ exhibits a conchoidal fracture. A) Quartz B) Halite C) Gypsum D) Calcite Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 26) The ________ mineral group reacts to hydrochloric acid. A) silicate B) carbonate C) halide D) oxide Answer: B Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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    10 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 27) An aggregate of one or more minerals is called a(n) ________. A) atom B) compound C) ionic bond D) rock Answer: D Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Focus/Concepts: 1.1 ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere. 28) Biotite has which of the following types of cleavage? A) cleavage in one direction B) two directions at 90° angles C) three directions at 90° angles D) cleavage in four directions Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 29) A mineral's resistance to breaking, bending, or cutting is defined as: A) Fracture B) Cleavage C) Tenacity D) Specific gravity Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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    11 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 30) ________ bonding is the sharing of valence atoms between a pair of atoms. A) Ionic B) Metallic C) Hydrogen D) Covalent Answer: D Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.3 Why Atoms Bond Focus/Concepts: 1.3 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 31) The most common group of minerals in Earth's crust are the ________. A) oxides B) carbonates C) native metals D) silicates Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups Focus/Concepts: 1.5 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 32) Feldspar minerals can look very similar to each other, what would you look for to differentiate plagioclase feldspar from potassium feldspar? A) striations on plagioclase feldspar B) cleavage angles C) hardness D) crystal habit Answer: A Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

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    12 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 33) If an atom has an equal number of electrons and protons, it would be considered ________. A) electrically neutral B) electrically positive C) electrically negative D) metallic Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: G2, G7 Section: 1.3 Why Atoms Bond Focus/Concepts: 1.3 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 34) Which of the following elements has the most valance electrons in its outermost shell? A) carbon B) nitrogen C) oxygen D) helium Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G2 Section: 1.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.2 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 35) The ability of a mineral to transmit both light and an image in the mineral is described as ________. A) opaque B) transparent C) translucent D) cloudy Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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    13 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 36) The terms bladed, fibrous, cubic, and platy describe ________. A) tenacity B) mineral strength C) crystal habit D) density Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G1 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 37) ________ is the study of minerals. A) Paleontology B) Mineralogy C) Petrology D) Tenacity Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G1 Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Focus/Concepts: 1.1 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 38) Which of the following minerals comprises just one element? A) diamond B) halite C) quartz D) talc Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups Focus/Concepts: 1.5 ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

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    14 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 39) ________ is the powdered form of the mineral. A) Density B) Streak C) Hardness D) Crystal habit Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 40) Limestone is most similar to the mineral ________. A) quartz B) gypsum C) halite D) calcite Answer: D Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Focus/Concepts: 1.1 ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere. 41) Which of the following minerals would best be utilized for extracted iron to make steel? A) hematite B) dolomite C) quartz D) talc Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G2, G5, G7 Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups Focus/Concepts: 1.5 ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

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    15 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 42) ________ is the softest mineral and ________ is the hardest mineral on Mohs scale. A) Talc; topaz B) Gypsum; quartz C) Talc; diamond D) Gypsum; diamond Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G7 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 43) Which of the following minerals has a metallic luster? A) quartz B) galena C) diamond D) halite Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G2 Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals Focus/Concepts: 1.4 ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms. 44) Most silicate minerals form from ________. A) earthquakes B) meteorite impacts C) erosional processes D) molten rock Answer: D Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: G2, G7 Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups Focus/Concepts: 1.5 ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

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