World Regional Geography: Global Patterns, Local Lives Seventh Edition Test Bank

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EPILOGUESTEST BANK, 7eEPILOGUE 1: POLAR REGIONSINTRODUCTIONMultiple Choice1.Whichchangeis NOTbeing experienced in the polarregions?A)climatechange transforming areas once covered in ice into open ocean and landB)increasing trade and resource extractionC)shifting politics as nations compete for control of the regionD)shrinking cities as energy resources are exhaustedAns:DPage:659–660Difficulty Level:2Bloom’s Level: Remembering2. New developments in thepolar regions areMOSTlikely to include:A) open pit copper mines and windmill farms.B) tourism and commercial farming.C) retirement communities and nuclear waste storage sites.D) reindeer farms and paper recycling plants.Ans: APage: 659–660Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingTrue/False3.In the Arctic, the sun never sets for part of the summer, and never rises for part of the winter.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage:660Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingPHYSICAL GEOGRAPHYMultiple Choice4.Whichstatementis theBESTdescription of the physical landscape of the Arctic?A)Landforms are highly varied, centered on an ocean surrounded bycoastal lowlands and a fewmountain ranges.B)Only two major river systems drain into the Arctic Ocean.C)While it is covered in ice caps, it is known for a having very little evidence of glacial erosion.D)It holds roughly 90 percent of theworld’s ice and 70 percent of its fresh water.

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Ans: APage:660Difficulty Level:2Bloom’s Level:Understanding5.Whichfactordoes NOT describe the climate of the polar regions?A) bitter coldB) excessive moistureC) snow and iceD) lack of sunlightAns: BPage: 660Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingShort Answer6.This is a long, narrow inlet formed by glacial erosion.Ans: fjordPage: 660Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingTrue/False7.Antarctica holds roughly 90percent of the world’s ice and 70 percent of its fresh water.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage: 660Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: Remembering8.Parts of the Arctic and Antarctic are classified as desert.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage: 660Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingENVIRONMENTMultiple Choice9.Whicheffectis NOT aresultof climate change in the Arctic?A)Sea ice has decreased by 8 percent in the past three decades.B)The Arctic Ocean may be ice-free during summers by 2030.C)Ice and snow are accumulating in western part of the Arctic.

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D)Polar bears, walruses, and some seabirds are being challenged by these changes.Ans: CPage: 660Difficulty Level: 2Bloom’s Level: RememberingShort Answer10.This is the increase in the intensity of climate change at the poles.Ans: polar amplificationPage: 661Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: Remembering11.Whales, seals, penguins, and fish feed on these tiny crustaceans, which are being reduced by risingocean temperatures.Ans: krillPage: 661Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingTrue/False12.Climate change at the poles my result in decreased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as thepermafrost thaws and polar oceans warm.A) TrueB) FalseAns: BPage: 661Difficulty Level: 2Bloom’s Level: UnderstandingGLOBALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENTMultiple Choice13.Whicheffectis NOTlikely to occur asaresultof climate change on the natural resource developmentin the polar regions?A)Mining and energy operations will be better able to navigate polar oceans.B)Mining and energy operations will be able to build roads to areas that were previous inaccessible bycar or truck.C)Small-scale hunting and fishing operationswill have to develop newtechniques as temperatures warm.D)The fishing industrywill haveto drastically increase its catches in the Southern Ocean to turn profitsbefore climate change takes effect.Ans: DPage: 662Difficulty Level: 2Bloom’s Level: Remembering

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Short Answer14.Many countries want to renegotiate this treaty, which currently bans all resource extraction inAntarctica.Ans: the Antarctica Treaty of 1959Page: 662Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingTrue/False15.Warming at the poles may bring more potential for economic development from large-scaleoperations like mining and energy.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage: 662Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingPOWER AND POLITICSMultiple Choice16.Whichstatement BESTdescribes the political issues in the polar regions?A)The Arctic Council focuses on geopolitical and security issues.B)In the Arctic, there are currently disputes between Canada, Denmark, Russia, and the United Statesover several islands and the surrounding seas to which UNCLOS would grant owner’s rights.C)The Arctic has a long history of peace and there is little military presence.D)The Antarctic has a long history of strategic and war-related activity and nations are expanding theirmilitary presence.Ans: BPage: 662Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingShort Answer17.Eight states have territorial claims in the Arctic, and all are members of an intergovernmental forumknown as the_____.Ans: Arctic CouncilPage: 662Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingTrue/False

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18.The Arctic Council is primarily focused on geopolitical and security issues.A) TrueB) FalseAns: BPage: 663Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingURBANIZATIONMultiple Choice19.WhichstatementisNOTtrue of urban areas in the polar regions?A)Urban centers are few and far between inboththe Arcticand Antarctic.C)The largest Arctic cities are in decline because of changes in Russia’seconomy.D)Smaller Scandinavian cities are growing because of interest in resource extraction.E) The largest Arctic cities are in Russia.Ans: APage: 663Difficulty Level: 2Bloom’s Level: UnderstandingShort Answer20.This city was created bythe Russian Empire as an ice-free port that would enable Russia’s allies inWorld WarI to supply it with military equipment. Its population has plummeted since the fall of theSoviet Union.Ans: MurmanskPage: 663Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: Remembering21.These settlements were set up by the central government of the USSR, in which prisoners were sent tostate-run enterprises to provide labor.Ans: gulag campsPage: 663Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingTrue/False22.Many indigenous people are moving to cities as their livelihoods have become more difficult becauseof climate change.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage: 663Difficulty Level: 1

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Bloom’s Level: RememberingPOPULATION AND GENDERMultiple Choice23.WhichstatementisTRUEof the gender imbalance in the polar regions?A) Arctic North America, Greenland, and Scandinavia generally have more women thanthey domen.B) Antarctica has many more women thanthey domen due to female dominance in the types of scientificdisciplines practiced at the research stations there.C)In almost every case, Arctic places have an above-average ratio of women to men with respect tonational averages.D) The gender imbalance in some indigenous communities is renewing efforts to make governmentsregulate the use of chemicals more carefully.Ans: BPage: 664–665Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingShort Answer24.This is a process in which the concentration of toxins increases at successive levels of the food chain.Ans: biomagnificationPage: 665Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingTrue/False25. Population is declining in the Arctic overall, especially among indigenous populations because theirchildbirth rate is so low.A) TrueB) FalseAns: BPage: 664Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: Remembering26.Bioaccumulation of chemicals in fish act as endocrine disruptors when ingestedby humansin largeamounts; theymimic human hormones thatcanswitch the gender of a fetus from male to female.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage:665Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingSOCIOCULTURAL ISSUES

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Multiple Choice27. Whichstatementis NOT true of indigenous populations in the polar regions?A) Missionaries considered most indigenous cultures in the polar regions to be more advanced thanindigenous groups in other parts of the world.B) Climate change is threatening indigenous cultures.C) They have endured many unwelcome influences of national governments, corporations, tourists, andother outsiders.D) They have a long history of oppression and dehumanization.Ans: APage: 665–666Difficulty Level: 2Bloom’s Level: UnderstandingShort Answer28.This policy was aimed at destroying Sami culture in Norway.Ans: NorwegianizationPage: 666Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingTrue/False29. Conservation efforts at the poles are being severely weakened, including conservation plans for polarbears and protecting wild salmon fishing.A) TrueB) FalseAns: BPage: 666Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: Remembering30. The long history of oppression and dehumanization of indigenous people suggest that they willremain on a semi-impoverished periphery in the era of heightenedinterest in Arctic resources.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage: 666Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingEPILOGUE 2: SPACEINTRODUCTION

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Multiple Choice31.Whatcaused the end of missions forSalyut 7?A)Its cameras stopped working, so itcould not photograph phenomena on the surface of Earth.B)It didn’t meet its expected contributions to oil and gas exploration, agriculture, Earth science, andmapping.C)Higher-than-expected discharges of solar particles from the Sun created solar wind drag, and itdescended toward Earth, burning up in the atmosphere.D)The cosmonauts’ computer crashed, losingall records of their direct observations of Earth.Ans: CPage: 668DifficultyLevel: 2Bloom’s Level:UnderstandingShort Answer32.Thisis the region of outer space closest to Earth, including the upper atmosphere and extending out40,000 miles to the farthest reaches of Earth’s magnetic field.Ans: geospacePage: 668Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: Remembering33._____ space exists between the Sun and planets of our solar system; _____ space exists between oursolar system and others within our galaxy (the Milky Way).Ans: interplanetary; interstellarPage: 668Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingTrue/False34.Outer space is central to our understanding of processes on Earth.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage: 667Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingPHYSICAL GEOGRAPHYMultiple Choice35.The physical geography of outer spaceCANNOTbe describedas:A) intenselycold,up to–454F (–270C).B)havingextremely low pressure, approaching a perfect vacuum.

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C)havingheavy precipitation, including lightning and thunderstorms.D)havingdirect sunlightthatcreatestemperatures of up to 250degrees F (121C).Ans: CPage: 669Difficulty Level: 2Bloom’s Level: RememberingShort Answer36.This made up oftiny charged particles emitted by the Sun that travel at millions of miles per hour andform a gaslike plasma that can conduct electricity and respond to magnetic fields.Ans: solar windPage: 669Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: Remembering37.Tiny bits of rock, metal, and other solid material called _____ are a hazard in outer space, and areoften created by collisions between larger objects.Ans: meteoroidsPage: 669Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingTrue/False38.Outer spaceapproaches a perfect vacuum, which could suck all the air from a human being’s lungs,causing them to pass out within 15 seconds, and most likely die within 60 seconds.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage: 667Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingENVIRONMENTMultiple Choice39.WhichexampledoesNOTillustratehow satellites have been used to analyze natural and human-induced processes on Earth’s surface?A) estimating deforestationB) monitoring the likelihood of earthquakesC) monitoring oil spills and forest firesD) trackingprocesses related to climate changeAns: BPage: 669Difficulty Level: 2Bloom’s Level: Remembering

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40.Whichstatementis NOT true of the human-made satellites orbiting Earth?A)They bring hazards that are complicating further space use and exploration.B)About half of all satellites launched have been for military purposes.C)Civilian commercial satellites have increased dramatically in the last few years.D)Many of them are located in geostationary orbit (GEO), posing great risk of becoming dangerousspace junk.Ans: DPage: 669-670Difficulty Level: 2Bloom’s Level: RememberingShort Answer41.A(n)_____ is any object in space that orbits another object of greater mass, and when it no longerfunctions, it is considered _____.Ans: satellite; space junkPage: 669–670Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingTrue/False42.Aglobal-scale “civilization killing” asteroid is predicted to hit the Earth once every 100 million years.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage: 670Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingGLOBALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENTMultiple Choice43. WhichstatementisTRUEofasteroid mining?A)Asteroids containsomeprecious metals such as gold and platinum, but their valueis likely not verysignificant.B)Companies plan to mine asteroidsby setting up small mining communities on the asteroid itself.C)Successful asteroid mining would likelycreatemillions of mining jobs across Earth.D)Asteroid mining can supply space exploration missions given that some asteroids hold large amountsof water.Ans:DPage: 671–672Difficulty Level: 2Bloom’sLevel: Understanding

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Short Answer44.This country initiated the first major feasibility test of asteroid mining by landing a probe on anasteroid, taking samples, and returning to Earth with them.Ans: JapanPage: 671Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’sLevel: RememberingTrue/False45.Commercial activity is now expanding into the building and launching of rockets, as privatecompanies now provide launch services at costs lower than those from government space programs.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage: 671Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingPOWER AND POLITICSMultiple Choice46.Whichstatementis NOT true of the militarization of outer space?A)National militaries have played a pivotal role in space exploration.B)After World War II,Japanesemilitaryscientists played key roles in both the U.S. and Soviet spaceprograms.C)Much of the hardware that makes space exploration possible was developed by national militaries.D)Every major military power on Earth now considers space-based technologies tobe an essential part ofwarfare.Ans: BPage: 672Difficulty Level: 2Bloom’s Level: RememberingShort Answer47.Thisactwas passed by the U.S. Congress in 2015, giving companies the rights to exploit any mineralsor other nonliving resources they find in space.Ans: the Space Act of 2015Page: 672Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: Remembering48.This treaty forbids nations from claiming territory in space, declaring that the exploration of allcelestial objects “shall becarried out for the benefit and the interests of all countries and shall be theprovince of all mankind.”

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Ans: the Outer Space Treaty of 1967Page: 672Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingTrue/False49. Many argue that the Outer SpaceTreaty reduces the potential for armed conflict in space bypreventing nations and corporations from making any broad territorial claims.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage: 672Difficulty Level: 2Bloom’s Level: UnderstandingURBANIZATIONMultipleChoice50.Human settlements in space willNOTbe hindered by:A) radiation and space debris.B) the effects of microgravity.C) huge temperature swings.D)intense hurricane-like storms.Ans: DPage: 673Difficulty Level: 2Bloom’s Level:RememberingShort Answer51.During the aftermath of this storm, remote sensing was used to maptheexactlocation and depthofflooding, and help city planners understand why the city’s flood-protection systems had failed.Ans: Hurricane KatrinaPage: 673–674Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingTrue/False52.Despite extensive exercise regimes, humans regularly have declines in bone density, loss of musclemass, and permanently impaired vision after visits to space.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage:673Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level:Remembering

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POPULATION AND GENDERMultiple Choice53. WhichstatementisTRUEof remote sensing and population issues?A)Remote sensing can only provide crude estimate of populations, thus it is not very useful.B)Food security issues are difficult to measure because of seasonal changes in rainfall and temperature.C)Satellites can collect data on economic activity and income level based on the use of electricity atnight.D)There are virtually nohealth and disease applications of remote sensing yet.Ans: CPage: 674Difficulty Level: 2Bloom’s Level: UnderstandingShort Answer54.The gender gap in space exploration continues, in part because of the requirement of most spaceprograms that astronauts have at least a bachelor’s degree in one of which four fields?Ans: STEM (science, technology, engineering, or mathematics)Page: 674Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingTrue/False55.Based on studies of animals, it is nearlycertain that humans can produce healthy populations in space.A) TrueB) FalseAns: BPage: 674Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: Remembering56.The United States had a 20-year ban on women in the space program based on the perception byNASA thatwomen were unsuited to the stresses of spaceflight.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage: 674Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingSOCIOCULTURAL ISSUESMultiple Choice

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57.Whichstatementis NOT an example of how the extension of human civilization into outer spacecould parallel European and American history?A)The focus on asteroid mining mirrors the objectives of early Spanish colonialists, who came to theAmericas seeking gold and other precious metals.B)The exploration of space couldbring new biological resources, similar to the exchange of food cropsbetween Europe and the Americas.C)Space-age humanity will fare similarly to indigenous American cultures who were treated with greatrespect, as their local knowledge was valuable to the colonizers.D)Resources from space could provide the basis for a new age of technological advancement and higherliving standards, much like the resources of the Americas fueled Europe’s Industrial Revolution.Ans:CPage: 675Difficulty Level: 2Bloom’s Level: UnderstandingShort Answer58.This is currently the most habitable extraterrestrial environment within reach.Ans: MarsPage: 675Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level: RememberingTrue/False59.By 2016, scientists had confirmed the existence of 20 planets that have similar temperature ranges asthose on Earth, and there may be as many as 40 billion habitable Earth-sized planets in the Milky Waygalaxy.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage:675Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level:Remembering60. The International Space Station (ISS) is the largest peacetime international collaboration in history,even earning a nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize.A) TrueB) FalseAns: APage: 675Difficulty Level: 1Bloom’s Level:Remembering

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CHAPTER 1: GEOGRAPHY: AN EXPLORATION OF CONNECTIONSTEST BANK, 7eINTRODUCTIONMultiple Choice1.Central to the study of geography are the questions ________ and ________.A)who; whenB)why; howC)where; whyD)how many; whenAns:CPage:2DifficultyLevel:1Bloom’sLevel:Remembering2.Which of the following is<i>not</i>an aspect of geographical analysis?A)spatial analysisB)multiple scales of analysisC)cartographyD)lithographyAns:DPages:3–4DifficultyLevel:2Bloom’sLevel:Understanding3. Geography as a discipline links the _________________ with the _____________________.A) city; stateB) physical sciences; social sciencesC) study of biology; study of sociologyD) people; governmentAns: BPage: 3DifficultyLevel:1Bloom’sLevel:Remembering4.Which of the following is<i>not</i>an example of a geographic inquiry?A)How did a group of people come to occupy a particular place?B)How have people modified the physical aspects of a place to suit their needs?C)How have people contributed to a particular environmental problem?D)All of the above are examples of geographical inquiry.Ans:DPages:3–4DifficultyLevel:2Bloom’sLevel:Applying5. Which of the following refers to the relationship between the distances shown on the map and theactual distances on Earth’s surface?A) scale

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