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Network+ Guide To Networks, 6th Edition Class Notes

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 1 - 1 Chapter 1 An Introduction to Networking At a Glance Instructor’s Manual Table of Contents • Overview • Objectives • Teaching Tips • Quick Quizzes • Class Discussion Topics • Additional Projects • Additional Resources • Key Terms

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 1 - 2 Lecture Notes Overview Loosely defined, a network is a group of computers and other devices connected by some type of transmission media. Variations on the elements of a network and its design, however, are nearly infinite. Additionally, the size of a network may be small or large. Network communication media includes copper wires, fiber - optic cable, radio waves, infrared, or satellite links. This chapter introduces the student to the fundamental characteristics of networks. Chapter Objectives After reading this chapter and completing the exercises, the student will be able to: • List the advantages of networked computing relative to stand - alone computing • Distinguish between client/server and peer - to - peer networks • List elements common to all client/server networks • Describe several specific uses for a network • Identify some of the certifications available to networking professionals • Identify the kinds of skills and specializations that will help you excel as a networking professional Teaching Tips Why Use Networks ? 1. Define a network . 2. Define a stand - alone computer. 3. Describe the advantages of using networks relative to stand - alone computers. Types of Networks 1. Explain the general factors differentiating network models. 2. Introduce the peer - to - peer and client/server network models. Peer - to - Peer Networks 1. Discuss the characteristics of a peer - to - peer network. 2. Describe the characteristics of a traditional peer - to - peer network.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 1 - 3 3. Use Figure 1 - 1 to illustrate resource sharing on a peer - to - peer network. 4. Describe the advantages of peer - to - peer networks. 5. Describe the disadvantages of peer - to - peer networks. 6. Explain how resources are shared on a peer - to - peer network. Teaching Tip Be sure to emphasize that modifying file - sharing controls is operating system dependent and that this method of resource sharing may lead to access controls that a re not uniform or secure. 7. Describe the environments in which peer - to - peer networks are implemented. Client/Server Networks 1. Introduce the client/server model. 2. Define a server emphasizing its client/server role. 3. Define a client. Teaching Tip Be sure to emphasize the difference between the term client/server network and the term client/server architecture. 4. Explain the two roles a computer may assume in a client/server network. Teaching Tip Be sure to emphasize that it is possible for a computer to act as both a client and a server and explain how this might occur. 5. Describe how clients and servers communicate. 6. Use Figure 1 - 2 to illustrate and explain resource sharing on a client/server network. 7. Describe a server’s operating system requirement. 8. Provide examples of current Network Operating Systems. 9. Explain the features of servers relative to clients . 10. Describe the disadvantage of a client/server network relative to a peer - to - peer network.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 1 - 4 11. Describe the advantages of a client/server network relative to a peer - to - peer network . LANs, MANs, and WANs 1. Define and describe a LAN . 2. Use Figure 1 - 3 to illustrate a more complex client/server network. 3. Define and describe a MAN . 4. Define and describe a WAN. 5. Use Figure 1 - 4 to illustrate a more complex client/server network. Teaching Tip Be sure to mention that most MANs can also be described as WANs. Elements Common to Client/Server Networks 1. Describe the basic elements common to client/server networks. a. Client b. Server c. Workstation d. NIC (network interface card) e. NOS (network operating system f. Host g. Node h. Connectivity device i. Segment j. Backbone k. Topology l. Protocol m. Data packets n. Transmission o. Addressing scheme 2. Use Figure 1 - 5 to illustrate a NIC. 3. Use Figure 1 - 6 to illustrate a LAN backbone. 4. Use Figure 1 - 7 to illustrate common network topologies. 5. Use Figure 1 - 8 to illustrate examples of network transmission media.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 1 - 5 Quick Quiz 1 1. True or F alse: Before networks, transferring data via floppy disks was the only possible way to share data. Answer: True 2. True or F alse: A client/server network is the simplest network model. Answer: False 3. True or F alse: A common way to share resources on a client/server network is by modifying the file - sharing controls via the computer’s operating system. Answer: False 4. A network that is larger than a LAN and connects clients and servers from multiple buildings is known as a(n) ____. Answer: MAN (metropolitan area network) 5. Which term identifies a computer that enables resource sharing by other computers on the same network? a. Subnode b. Host c. Node d. NIC Answer: B How Networks Are Used 1. Define network services . 2. Identify and discuss the most visible network service - E - mail. 3. Mention other vital services . File and Print Services 1. Define file services. 2. Define a file server. 3. Discuss why file services are the foundation of networking today. 4. Define print services and describe the advantages the service provides. Access Services 1. Describe the two functions of access services.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 1 - 6 2. Define a remote user. 3. Explain how network operating systems implement access services. 4. Describe the circumstances where access services are most often implemented by organizations. 5. Emphasize how remote access servers allow external users to use network resources and devices just as if they were logged on to a workstation in the office. Communications Services 1. Define convergence. 2. Define unified communications. 3. Identify and explain the oldest and still most frequently used network communications services. 4. Describe the additional tasks mail servers handle. 5. Describe and identity additional software mail servers need to run. Internet Services 1. Describe the Web service function . 2. Define a W eb server . 3. Mention other Internet services. Teaching Tip Students may find more information of Microsoft’s Windows® Web Server 2008 at http://www.microsoft.com/en - us/server - cloud/windows - server/internet - information - services - iis.aspx Management Services 1. Define and describe network management services. 2. Explain other important network management services. a. Traffic monitoring and control b. Load balancing c. Hardware diagnosis and failure alert d. Asset management e. License tracking f. Security auditing

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 1 - 7 g. Software distribution h. Address management i. Backup and restoration of data Becoming a Networking Professional 1. Describe the general atmosphere regarding networking jobs. 2. Explain the general steps to enter the networking job m arket successfully . Teaching Tip Demonstrate a live search of networking jobs using various related keywords on http://www.monster.com to illustrate the vast number of networking positions available. Mastering the Technical Challenges 1. Review the skill set s desired for networking positions utilizing logical and analytical thinking. 2. Describe the networking specialties currently in high demand. 3. Describe the various learning methods available and emphasize the importance of determine personal learning preferences. 4. Emphasize the importance of obtaining hands - on experience when it comes to improving networking hardware and software skills. Developing Your “Soft Skills” 1. Define and describe soft skills. Be sure to explain how they are advantageous in networking projects . Pursuing Certification 1. Define the certification process. 2. Provide an example of a professional organization offering certifications. 3. Provide examples of vendor organizations offering certifications. 4. Discuss the benefits of network certification. 5. Describe the drawback of certifications.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 1 - 8 Finding a Job in Networking 1. Describe the various resources and methods a student can use to find a job in networking: a. Search the Web b. Check your local newspaper’s Web site c. Visit a career center d. Network e. Attend career fairs f. Enlist a recruiter Joining Professional Associations 1. Explain the varying benefits of joining professional associations. 2. Use Table 1 - 1 to illustrate prominent professional organizations. Quick Quiz 2 1. The functions provided by a network are usually referred to as network ____. Answer: services 2. A(n) ____ server may also be known as simply an access server. Answer: remote access 3. True or F alse: The oldest and still most frequently used network communications services are print services. Answer: False 4. True or F alse: Configuration and optimization of routers and switches is a s kill currently in high demand. Answer: True 5. The term ____ refers to those skills that are not easily measurable. Answer: soft skills Class Discussion Topics 1. D iscuss the differences and similarities between a peer - to peer network and a client server network. 2. H ave students express how they would prefer to go about finding a networking position and explain why they feel it would work best for them.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 1 - 9 Additional Projects 1. Have student s research employment possibilities in the networking area by reviewing networking job postings online and in print. The student should write a case report for ten job postings. The report should include the following sections for each job posting : organization name; job title; country/state; educational requirements; hands - on experience requirements; certification requirements; contract type (part - time, full - time, contract); salary range; and benefits. Additional Resources 1. Network World IT Careers http://www.networkworld.com/topics/it - careers/index.html 2. The Northern Virginia Technology Council (NVTC) http://www.nvtc.org 3. Certification Magazine http://www.certmag.com 4. How Stuff Works – Networking Library http://computer.howstuffworks.com/computer - networking - channel.htm Key Terms ➢ A+ The professional certification established by CompTIA that verifies knowledge about PC operation, repair, and management. ➢ access server See remote access server. ➢ address A number that uniquely identifies each workstation and device on a network. Without unique addresses, computers on the network could not reliably communicate. ➢ address management The process of centrally administering a finite number of network addresses for an entire LAN. Usually this task can be accomplished without touching the client workstations. ➢ addressing The scheme for assigning a unique identifying number to every workstation and device on the network. The type of addressing used on a network depends on its protocols and network operating system. ➢ asset management The process of collecting and storing data on the number and types of software and hardware assets in an organization’s network. The data collection is automated by electronically examining each network client from a server. ➢ backbone The part of a network to which segments and significant shared devices (such as routers, switches, and servers) connect. A backbone is sometimes referred to as “a network of networks” because of its role in interconnecting smaller parts of a LAN or WAN. ➢ backing up The process of copying critical data files to a secure storage area. Often, backups are performed according to a formulaic schedule.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 1 - 10 ➢ CCIE (Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert) An elite certification that recognizes expert - level installation, configuration, management, and troubleshooting skills on networks that use a range of Cisco Systems’ devices. ➢ CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) A professional certification that attests to one’s skills in installing, configuring, maintaining, and troubleshooting medium - sized networks that use Cisco Systems’ switches and routers. ➢ certification The process of mastering material pertaining to a particular hardware system, operating system, programming language, or other software program, then proving your mastery by passing a series of exams. ➢ Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert See CCIE. ➢ Cisco Certified Network Associate See CCNA. ➢ client A computer on the network that requests resources or services from another computer on a network. In some cases, a client could also act as a server. The term client may also refer to the user of a client workstation or a client software application installed on the workstation. ➢ client/server architecture A network design in which client computers use a centrally administered server to share data, data storage space, and devices. ➢ client/server network A network that uses centrally administered computers, known as servers, to enable resource sharing for and to facilitate communication between the other computers on the network. ➢ CompTIA (Computing Technology Industry Association) An association of computer resellers, manufacturers, and training companies that sets industry - wide standards for computer professionals. CompTIA established and sponsors the A+ and Network+ (Net+) certifications. ➢ Computing Technology Industry Association See CompTIA. ➢ connectivity device One of several types of specialized devices that allows two or more networks or multiple parts of one network to connect and exchange data. ➢ convergence The use of data networks to carry voice (or telephone), video, and other communications services in addition to data. ➢ file server A specialized server that enables clients to share applications and data across the network. ➢ file services The functions of a file server that allow users to share data files, applications, and storage areas. ➢ host A computer that enables resource sharing by other computers on the same network. ➢ Internet A complex WAN that connects LANs and clients around the globe. ➢ Internet services The services that enable a network to communicate with the Internet, including Web servers and browsers, file transfer capabilities, Internet addressing schemes, security filters, and a means for directly logging on to other computers. ➢ LAN (local area network) A network of computers and other devices that is confined to a relatively small space, such as one building or even one office. ➢ license tracking The process of determining the number of copies of a single application that are currently in use on the network and whether the number in use exceeds the authorized number of licenses. ➢ load balancing The process of distributing data transfer activity evenly so that no single device is overwhelmed. ➢ local area network See LAN. ➢ mail server A server that manages the storage and transfer of e - mail messages.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 1 - 11 ➢ mail services The network services that manage the storage and transfer of e - mail between users on a network. In addition to sending, receiving, and storing mail, mail services can include filtering, routing, notification, scheduling, and data exchange with other mail servers. ➢ MAN (metropolitan area network) A network that is larger than a LAN, typically connecting clients and servers from multiple buildings, but within a limited geographic area. For example, a MAN could connect multiple city government buildings around a city’s center. ➢ management services The network services that centrally administer and simplify complicated management tasks on the network. Examples of management services include license tracking, security auditing, asset management, address management, software distribution, traffic monitoring, load balancing, and hardware diagnosis. ➢ MCITP (Microsoft Certified IT Professional) A professional certification established by Microsoft that demonstrates in - depth knowledge about Microsoft products. ➢ metropolitan area network See MAN. ➢ Microsoft Certified IT Professional See MCITP. ➢ motherboard The main circuit board that controls a computer. ➢ network A group of computers and other devices (such as printers) that are connected by and can exchange data via some type of transmission media, such as a cable, a wire, or the atmosphere. ➢ network adapter See NIC. ➢ Network+ (Net+) The professional certification established by CompTIA that verifies broad, vendor - independent networking technology skills, such as an understanding of protocols, topologies, networking hardware, and network troubleshooting. ➢ network interface card See NIC. ➢ network operating system See NOS. ➢ network services The functions provided by a network. ➢ NIC (network interface card) The device that enables a workstation to connect to the network and communicate with other computers. NICs are manufactured by several different companies and come with a variety of specifications that are tailored to the workstation’s and the network’s requirements. NICs are also called network adapters. ➢ node A computer or other device connected to a network, which has a unique address and is capable of sending or receiving data. ➢ NOS (network operating system) The software that runs on a server and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. The most popular network operating systems are UNIX, Linux, and Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2. ➢ P2P network See peer - to - peer network. ➢ packet A discrete unit of information sent from one node on a network to another. ➢ peer - to - peer network A network in which every computer can communicate directly with every other computer. By default, no computer on a peer - to - peer network has more authority than another. However, each computer can be configured to share only some of its resources and keep other resources inaccessible to other nodes on the network. ➢ print services The network service that allows printers to be shared by several users on a network.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 1 - 12 ➢ protocol A standard method or format for communication between network devices. For example, some protocols ensure that data are transferred in sequence and without error from one node on the network to another. Other protocols ensure that data belonging to a Web page are formatted to appear correctly in a Web browser window. Still others encode passwords and keep data transmissions secure. ➢ remote access server A server that runs communications services that enable remote users to log on to a network. Also known as an access server. ➢ remote user A person working on a computer on a different network or in a different geographical location from the LAN’s server. ➢ resources The devices, data, and data storage space provided by a computer, whether stand - alone or shared. ➢ restoring The process of retrieving files from a backup. It is necessary to restore files if the original files are lost or deleted. ➢ scalable The property of a network that allows you to add nodes or increase its size easily. ➢ security auditing The process of evaluating security measures currently in place on a network and notifying the network administrator if a security breach occurs. ➢ segment A part of a network. Usually, a segment is composed of a group of nodes that share the same communications channel for all their traffic. ➢ server A computer on the network that manages shared resources. Servers usually have more processing power, memory, and hard disk space than clients. They run network operating software that can manage not only data, but also users, groups, security, and applications on the network. ➢ sneakernet A way of exchanging data between computers that are not connected on a network. The term “sneakernet” was coined before the widespread use of networks, when data was copied from a computer to a removable storage device such as a floppy disk, carried (presumably by someone wearing sneakers) to another computer, then copied from the storage device onto the second computer. ➢ soft skills The skills such as customer relations, oral and written communications, dependability, teamwork, and leadership abilities, which are not easily measured, but are nevertheless important in a networking career. ➢ software distribution The process of automatically transferring a data file or installing a software application from the server to a client on the network. ➢ spam Unsolicited, unwanted e - mail. ➢ stand - alone computer A computer that uses applications and data only from its local disks and that is not connected to a network. ➢ topology The physical layout of computers on a network. ➢ traffic The data transmission and processing activity taking place on a computer network at any given time. ➢ traffic monitoring The process of determining how much data transfer activity is taking place on a network or network segment and notifying administrators when a segment becomes overloaded. ➢ transmission media The means through which data are transmitted and received. Transmission media may be physical, such as wire or cable, or wireless, such as radio waves. ➢ unified communications The centralized management of multiple types of network - based communications, such as voice, video, fax, and messaging services. ➢ user A person who uses a computer.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 1 - 13 ➢ WAN (wide area network) A network that spans a long distance and connects two or more LANs. ➢ Web server A computer that manages Web site services, such as supplying a Web page to multiple users on demand. ➢ wide area network See WAN. ➢ workstation A computer that runs a desktop operating system and connects to a network.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 2 - 1 Chapter 2 Networking Standards and the OSI Model At a Glance Instructor’s Manual Table of Contents • Overview • Objectives • Teaching Tips • Quick Quizzes • Class Discussion Topics • Additional Projects • Additional Resources • Key Terms

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 2 - 2 Lecture Notes Overview In the field of networking, even though the communication that occurs between two nodes on a network cannot be seen, a model may be used to depict how the communication takes place. The model commonly used to describe network communications is called the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. In this chapter, the student will learn about the standards organizations that have helped create the various conventions (such as the OSI model) used in networking. Next, the student will be introduced to the seven layers of the OSI model and learn how they interact. The student will then take a closer look at what goes on in each layer. Finally, the student will learn to apply those details to a practical networking environment. Thoroughly understanding the OSI model is essential to proficient network design and troubleshooting. Chapter Objectives After reading this chapter and completing the exercises, the student will be able to: • Identify organizations that set standards for networking • Describe the purpose of the OSI model and each of its layers • Explain specific functions belonging to each OSI model layer • Understand how two network nodes communicate through the OSI model • Discuss the structure and purpose of data packets and frames • Describe the two types of addressing covered by the OSI model Teaching Tips Networking Standards Organizations 1. Define a standard. 2. Explain why standards are important in the world of networking. 3. Emphasize that standards define the minimum acceptable performance of a product or service - not the ideal. 4. Explain why there are many different organizations to oversee computer industry standards. 5. Using ANSI and IEEE as an example, point out that standards organizations may overlap in their responsibilities. 6. Note the importance of being familiar with the groups that set networking standards and the critical aspects of standards required by a student’s network.

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