Network+ Guide To Networks, 6th Edition Class Notes

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Network+ Guide to Networks, 6thEdition1-1Chapter1An Introduction to NetworkingAt a GlanceInstructor’s Manual Table of Contents•Overview•Objectives•Teaching Tips•Quick Quizzes•Class Discussion Topics•Additional Projects•Additional Resources•Key Terms

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Network+ Guide to Networks, 6thEdition1-2Lecture NotesOverviewLoosely defined, a network is a group of computers and other devices connected by some typeof transmission media. Variations on the elements of a network anditsdesign, however, arenearlyinfinite.Additionally,thesizeofanetworkmaybesmallorlarge.Networkcommunication media includes copper wires, fiber-optic cable, radio waves, infrared, orsatellite links. Thischapter introduces the student tothe fundamentalcharacteristicsofnetworks.Chapter ObjectivesAfter reading this chapter and completing the exercises, the student will be able to:•List the advantages of networked computing relative to stand-alone computing•Distinguish between client/server and peer-to-peer networks•List elements common to all client/server networks•Describe several specific uses for a network•Identify some of the certifications available to networking professionals•Identify the kinds of skills and specializations that will help you excel as a networkingprofessionalTeaching TipsWhy UseNetworks?1.Define a network.2.Define a stand-alone computer.3.Describe the advantages of using networks relative to stand-alone computers.Types of Networks1.Explain the general factors differentiatingnetworkmodels.2.Introducethe peer-to-peer and client/server network models.Peer-to-Peer Networks1.Discuss the characteristics of a peer-to-peer network.2.Describe the characteristics of a traditional peer-to-peer network.

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Network+ Guide to Networks, 6thEdition1-33.Use Figure 1-1 to illustrate resource sharing on a peer-to-peer network.4.Describe the advantages of peer-to-peer networks.5.Describe the disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks.6.Explain how resources are shared on a peer-to-peer network.TeachingTipBe sure to emphasize that modifying file-sharing controls is operating systemdependent and that this method of resource sharing may lead to access controlsthatare not uniform or secure.7.Describe the environments in which peer-to-peer networks areimplemented.Client/Server Networks1.Introducethe client/server model.2.Define a server emphasizing its client/server role.3.Define a client.TeachingTipBe sure to emphasize the difference between the term client/server network andthe term client/server architecture.4.Explain the two roles a computer mayassume ina client/servernetwork.TeachingTipBe sure to emphasize that it is possible for a computer to act as both a client anda server and explain how this might occur.5.Describe how clients and servers communicate.6.Use Figure 1-2 to illustrate and explain resource sharing on aclient/servernetwork.7.Describe a server’s operating system requirement.8.Provide examples of current Network Operating Systems.9.Explain thefeatures of servers relative to clients.10.Describe the disadvantage of a client/server networkrelative to a peer-to-peer network.

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Network+ Guide to Networks, 6thEdition1-411.Describe the advantages of a client/server networkrelative to a peer-to-peer network.LANs, MANs, and WANs1.Define and describeaLAN.2.Use Figure 1-3 to illustrate a more complex client/server network.3.Define and describeaMAN.4.Define and describe a WAN.5.Use Figure 1-4 to illustrate a more complex client/server network.TeachingTipBe sure tomention that most MANs can also be described as WANs.Elements Common to Client/Server Networks1.Describe thebasic elements common to client/server networks.a.Clientb.Serverc.Workstationd.NIC (network interface card)e.NOS (network operating systemf.Hostg.Nodeh.Connectivity devicei.Segmentj.Backbonek.Topologyl.Protocolm.Data packetsn.Transmissiono.Addressing scheme2.Use Figure 1-5 to illustrate a NIC.3.Use Figure 1-6 to illustrate a LAN backbone.4.Use Figure 1-7 to illustrate common network topologies.5.Use Figure 1-8 to illustrate examples of network transmission media.

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Network+ Guide to Networks, 6thEdition1-5Quick Quiz 11.True orFalse: Before networks, transferring data via floppy disks was the only possibleway to share data.Answer: True2.True orFalse: A client/server network is the simplest network model.Answer: False3.True orFalse: A common way to share resources on a client/server network is bymodifying the file-sharing controls via the computer’s operating system.Answer: False4.A network that is larger than a LAN and connects clients and servers from multiplebuildings is known as a(n) ____.Answer:MAN (metropolitan area network)5.Which term identifiesa computer that enables resource sharing by other computers onthe same network?a.Subnodeb.Hostc.Noded.NICAnswer: BHow Networks Are Used1.Define network services.2.Identify and discuss the most visible network service-E-mail.3.Mention other vital services.File and Print Services1.Define file services.2.Define a file server.3.Discuss why file services are thefoundation of networking today.4.Define print services and describe the advantages the service provides.Access Services1.Describe the two functions ofaccess services.

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Network+ Guide to Networks, 6thEdition1-62.Define a remote user.3.Explain how network operating systems implement access services.4.Describe the circumstances where access services are most often implemented byorganizations.5.Emphasizehowremote access serversallow external users to use network resources anddevices just as if they werelogged on to a workstation in the office.Communications Services1.Define convergence.2.Defineunified communications.3.Identifyand explainthe oldest and still most frequently used network communicationsservices.4.Describe the additional tasksmail servers handle.5.Describe and identity additional software mail servers need torun.Internet Services1.Describe the Web servicefunction.2.Define aWeb server.3.Mentionother Internet services.TeachingTipStudents may find more information of Microsoft’sWindows® Web Server2008athttp://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/windows-server/internet-information-services-iis.aspxManagement Services1.Define and describe network management services.2.Explain other important network management services.a.Traffic monitoring and controlb.Load balancingc.Hardware diagnosis and failure alertd.Asset managemente.License trackingf.Security auditing

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Network+ Guide to Networks, 6thEdition1-7g.Software distributionh.Address managementi.Backup and restoration of dataBecoming a Networking Professional1.Describe the general atmosphere regardingnetworking jobs.2.Explainthegeneralsteps to enter the networking job marketsuccessfully.TeachingTipDemonstrate a live search of networking jobs using various related keywords onhttp://www.monster.comto illustrate the vast number of networking positionsavailable.Mastering the Technical Challenges1.Review the skill setsdesired for networking positions utilizinglogical and analyticalthinking.2.Describe thenetworking specialties currently in high demand.3.Describe the various learning methods available and emphasize the importance ofdetermine personal learning preferences.4.Emphasize the importance of obtaining hands-on experience when it comes toimproving networking hardware and software skills.Developing Your “Soft Skills”1.Define and describe soft skills. Be sure to explain how they are advantageous innetworkingprojects.Pursuing Certification1.Define the certification process.2.Provide an example of a professional organization offering certifications.3.Provide examples of vendor organizations offering certifications.4.Discuss the benefits of network certification.5.Describe the drawback of certifications.

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Network+ Guide to Networks, 6thEdition1-8Finding a Job in Networking1.Describe the variousresources and methods a student can use to find a job innetworking:a.Search the Webb.Check your local newspaper’s Web sitec.Visit a career centerd.Networke.Attend career fairsf.Enlist a recruiterJoining Professional Associations1.Explain the varying benefits of joining professional associations.2.Use Table 1-1 to illustrateprominent professional organizations.Quick Quiz 21.The functions provided by a network are usually referred to as network ____.Answer: services2.A(n) ____ server may also be known as simply an access server.Answer: remote access3.True orFalse: The oldest and still most frequently used network communicationsservices are print services.Answer: False4.True orFalse: Configuration and optimization of routers and switches is askillcurrently in high demand.Answer: True5.The term ____ refers to those skills that are not easily measurable.Answer: soft skillsClass Discussion Topics1.Discuss the differences and similarities between apeer-to peer network and a clientserver network.2.Have students express how they would prefer to go about finding a networking positionand explain why they feel it would work best for them.

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Network+ Guide to Networks, 6thEdition1-9Additional Projects1.Have studentsresearch employment possibilities in the networking area by reviewingnetworking job postings online and in print. The student should write a case report fortenjob postings. The report should include the following sectionsforeach job posting:organization name; job title; country/state; educational requirements; hands-onexperience requirements; certification requirements; contract type (part-time, full-time,contract); salary range;andbenefits.Additional Resources1.Network World IT Careershttp://www.networkworld.com/topics/it-careers/index.html2.The Northern Virginia Technology Council (NVTC)http://www.nvtc.org3.Certification Magazinehttp://www.certmag.com4.How Stuff Works–Networking Libraryhttp://computer.howstuffworks.com/computer-networking-channel.htmKey Terms➢A+The professional certification established by CompTIA that verifies knowledgeaboutPC operation, repair, and management.➢access serverSee remote access server.➢addressA number that uniquely identifies each workstation and device on a network.Without unique addresses, computers on the network could not reliably communicate.➢address managementThe process of centrally administering a finite number ofnetworkaddresses for an entire LAN. Usually this task can be accomplished withouttouching theclient workstations.➢addressingThe scheme for assigning a unique identifying number to every workstationanddevice on the network. The type of addressing used on a network depends on itsprotocols and network operating system.➢asset managementThe process of collecting and storing data on the number and typesofsoftware and hardware assets in an organization’s network. The data collection isautomated by electronically examining each network client from a server.➢backboneThe part of a network to which segments and significant shared devices(such asrouters, switches, and servers) connect. A backbone is sometimes referred to as“a networkof networks” because of its role in interconnecting smaller parts of a LANor WAN.➢backing upThe process of copying critical data files to a secure storage area. Often,backups are performed according to a formulaic schedule.

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Network+ Guide to Networks, 6thEdition1-10➢CCIE (Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert)An elite certification that recognizesexpert-levelinstallation, configuration, management, and troubleshooting skills onnetworks that use arange of Cisco Systems’ devices.➢CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)A professional certification that attests toone’sskills in installing, configuring, maintaining, and troubleshooting medium-sizednetworksthat use Cisco Systems’ switches and routers.➢certificationThe process of mastering material pertaining to a particular hardwaresystem,operating system, programming language, or other software program, thenproving yourmastery by passing a series of exams.➢Cisco Certified Internetwork ExpertSee CCIE.➢Cisco Certified Network AssociateSee CCNA.➢clientA computer on the network that requests resources or services from anothercomputeron a network. In some cases, a client could also act as a server. The termclient may also refer tothe user of a client workstation or a client software applicationinstalled on the workstation.➢client/server architectureA network design in which client computers use a centrallyadministered server to share data, data storage space, and devices.➢client/server networkA network that uses centrally administered computers, known asservers, to enable resource sharing for and to facilitate communication between theothercomputers on the network.➢CompTIA (Computing Technology Industry Association)An association ofcomputerresellers, manufacturers, and training companies that sets industry-widestandards forcomputer professionals. CompTIA established and sponsors the A+ andNetwork+ (Net+)certifications.➢Computing Technology Industry AssociationSee CompTIA.➢connectivitydevice One of several types of specialized devices that allows two or morenetworks or multiple parts of one network to connect and exchange data.➢convergenceThe use of data networks to carry voice (or telephone), video, and othercommunications services in addition to data.➢file serverA specialized server that enables clients to share applications and data acrossthe network.➢file servicesThe functions of a file server that allow users to share data files,applications,and storage areas.➢hostA computer that enables resource sharing by other computers on the same network.➢InternetA complex WAN that connects LANs and clients around the globe.➢Internet servicesThe services that enable a network to communicate with the Internet,including Web servers and browsers, file transfer capabilities, Internet addressingschemes,security filters, and a means for directly logging on to other computers.➢LAN (local area network)A network of computers and other devices that is confinedto arelatively small space, such as one building or even one office.➢license trackingThe process of determining the number of copies of a singleapplicationthat are currently in use on the network and whether the number in useexceeds theauthorized number of licenses.➢load balancingThe process of distributing data transfer activity evenly so that nosingledevice is overwhelmed.➢local area networkSee LAN.➢mail serverA server that manages the storage and transfer of e-mail messages.

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Network+ Guide to Networks, 6thEdition1-11➢mail servicesThe network services that manage the storage and transfer of e-mailbetweenusers on a network. In addition to sending, receiving, and storing mail, mailservices can includefiltering, routing, notification, scheduling, and data exchange withother mail servers.➢MAN (metropolitan area network)A network that is larger than a LAN, typicallyconnecting clients and servers from multiple buildings, but within a limited geographicarea.For example, a MAN could connect multiple city government buildings around acity’scenter.➢management servicesThe network services that centrally administer and simplifycomplicated management tasks on the network. Examples of management servicesincludelicense tracking, security auditing, asset management, address management,softwaredistribution, traffic monitoring, load balancing, and hardware diagnosis.➢MCITP (Microsoft Certified IT Professional)A professional certification establishedbyMicrosoft that demonstrates in-depth knowledge about Microsoft products.➢metropolitan area networkSee MAN.➢Microsoft Certified IT ProfessionalSee MCITP.➢motherboardThe main circuit board that controls a computer.➢networkA group of computers and other devices (such as printers) that are connectedbyand can exchange data via some type of transmission media, such as a cable, a wire,or theatmosphere.➢network adapterSee NIC.➢Network+ (Net+)The professional certification established by CompTIA that verifiesbroad, vendor-independent networking technology skills, such as an understanding ofprotocols, topologies, networking hardware, and network troubleshooting.➢network interface cardSee NIC.➢network operating systemSee NOS.➢network servicesThe functions provided by a network.➢NIC (network interface card)The device that enables a workstation to connect to thenetwork and communicate with other computers. NICs are manufactured by severaldifferent companies and come with a variety of specifications that are tailored to theworkstation’s and the network’s requirements. NICs are also called network adapters.➢nodeA computer or other device connected to a network, which has a unique addressandis capable of sending or receiving data.➢NOS (network operating system)The software that runs on a server and enables theserverto manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networkingfunctions. Themost popular network operating systems are UNIX, Linux, andMicrosoft Windows Server2008 R2.➢P2P networkSee peer-to-peer network.➢packetA discrete unit of information sent from one node on a network to another.➢peer-to-peer networkA network in which every computer can communicate directlywithevery other computer. By default, no computer on a peer-to-peer network has moreauthority than another. However, each computer can be configured to share only someofits resources and keep other resources inaccessible to other nodes on the network.➢print servicesThe network service that allows printers to be shared by several users onanetwork.

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Network+ Guide to Networks, 6thEdition1-12➢protocolA standard method or format for communication between network devices.Forexample, some protocols ensure that data are transferred in sequence and withouterrorfrom one node on the network to another. Other protocols ensure that databelonging to aWeb page are formatted to appear correctly in a Web browser window.Still others encodepasswords and keep data transmissions secure.➢remote access serverA server that runs communications services that enable remoteusersto log on to a network. Also known as an access server.➢remote userA person working on a computer on a different network or in a differentgeographical location from the LAN’s server.➢resourcesThe devices, data, and data storage space provided by a computer, whetherstand-alone or shared.➢restoringThe process of retrieving files from a backup. It is necessary to restore files iftheoriginal files are lost or deleted.➢scalableThe property of a network that allows you to add nodes or increase its sizeeasily.➢security auditingThe process of evaluating security measures currently in place on anetwork and notifying the network administrator if a security breach occurs.➢segmentA part of a network. Usually, a segment is composed of a group of nodes thatshare the same communications channel for all their traffic.➢serverA computer on the network that manages shared resources. Servers usually havemore processing power, memory, and hard disk space than clients. They run networkoperating software that can manage not only data, but also users, groups, security, andapplications on the network.➢sneakernetA way of exchanging data between computers that are not connected on anetwork. The term “sneakernet” was coined before the widespread use of networks,when data was copied from a computer to a removable storage device such as a floppydisk, carried (presumably by someone wearing sneakers) to another computer, thencopied from the storage device onto the second computer.➢soft skillsThe skills such as customer relations, oral and written communications,dependability, teamwork, and leadership abilities, which are not easily measured, butare nevertheless important in a networking career.➢software distributionThe process of automatically transferring a data file or installingasoftware application from the server to a client on the network.➢spamUnsolicited, unwanted e-mail.➢stand-alone computerA computer that uses applications and data only from its localdisksand that is not connected to a network.➢topologyThe physical layout of computers on a network.➢trafficThe data transmission and processing activity taking place on a computernetworkat any given time.➢traffic monitoringThe process of determining how much data transfer activity istakingplace on a network or network segment and notifying administrators when asegmentbecomes overloaded.➢transmission mediaThe means through which data are transmitted and received.Transmission media may be physical, such as wire or cable, or wireless, such as radiowaves.➢unified communicationsThe centralized management of multiple types of network-basedcommunications, such as voice, video, fax, and messaging services.➢userA person who uses a computer.

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Network+ Guide to Networks, 6thEdition1-13➢WAN (wide area network)A network that spans a long distance and connects two ormoreLANs.➢Web serverA computer that manages Web site services, such as supplying a Web pagetomultiple users on demand.➢wide area networkSee WAN.➢workstationA computer that runs a desktop operating system and connects to anetwork.

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Network+ Guide to Networks, 6thEdition2-1Chapter 2Networking Standards and the OSI ModelAt a GlanceInstructor’s Manual Table of Contents•Overview•Objectives•Teaching Tips•Quick Quizzes•Class Discussion Topics•Additional Projects•Additional Resources•KeyTerms

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Network+ Guide to Networks, 6thEdition2-2Lecture NotesOverviewIn the field of networking, even though the communication that occurs between two nodes on anetwork cannot be seen, a model may be used to depict how the communication takes place.The model commonly used todescribe network communications iscalled the OSI (OpenSystems Interconnection) model.In this chapter, the student will learn about the standards organizations that have helped createthe various conventions (such as the OSI model) used in networking. Next, the student will beintroduced to the seven layers of the OSI model and learn how they interact. The student willthen take a closer look at what goes on in each layer. Finally, the student will learn to applythose details to a practical networking environment. Thoroughly understanding the OSI modelis essential to proficient network design and troubleshooting.Chapter ObjectivesAfter reading this chapter and completing the exercises, the student will be able to:•Identify organizations that set standards for networking•Describe the purpose of the OSI model and each of its layers•Explain specific functions belonging to each OSI model layer•Understand how two network nodes communicate through the OSI model•Discuss the structure and purpose of data packets and frames•Describe the two types of addressing covered by the OSI modelTeaching TipsNetworking Standards Organizations1.Define a standard.2.Explain why standards are important in the world of networking.3.Emphasize thatstandards define the minimum acceptable performance of a product orservice-not the ideal.4.Explain why there are many different organizations to oversee computer industrystandards.5.Using ANSI and IEEE as an example, point out that standards organizations mayoverlap intheir responsibilities.6.Note the importance of being familiar with the groups that set networking standards andthe critical aspects of standards required by a student’s network.

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