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Network+ Guide To Networks, 8th Edition Lecture Notes

Network+ Guide To Networks, 8th Edition Lecture Notes captures key lecture discussions, ensuring you don�t miss important concepts and insights.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 8 th Edition 1 - 1 © 201 9 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. Chapter 1 Introduction to Networking At a Glance Instructor’s Manual Table of Contents  Overview  Objectives  Teaching Tips  Quick Quizzes  Class Discussion Topics  Additional Projects  Additional Resources  Key Terms

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 8 th Edition 1 - 2 © 201 9 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. Lecture Notes Overview Loosely defined, a network is a group of computers and other devices connected by some type of transmission media. Variations on the elements of a network and its design, however, are nearly infinite. A network can be as small as two computers connected by a cable in a home office or the largest network all, the Internet, made up of b illions of computers and other devices connected across the world via a combination of cable, phone lines, and wireless links. Networks might link cell phones, personal computers, mainframe computers, printers, corporate phone systems , security cameras, vehicles, and wearable technology devices . They might communicate through copper wires, fiber - optic cable, or radio waves. This chapter introduces students to the fundamentals of networks and how technicians support them. Chapter Objectives After reading this chapter and completing the exercises, the student will be able to:  Distinguish between client - serve r and peer - to - peer models used to control access to a network  Identify types of applications and protocols used on a network  Describe various networking hardware devices and the most common physical topologies  Describe the seven layers of the OSI model  Explore best practices for safety when working with networks and computers  Describe the seven - step troubleshooting model for solving a networking problem Teaching Tips Network Models 1. Define and describe the term topology . Discuss the two types of topology students will need to understand:  physical topology  logical topology 2. Explain that controlling how users and programs get access to the resources on a network is a function of the OS used on the network. 3. Introduce students to the peer - to - peer and the client - server network models. Point out that the client - server model requires one or more network operating systems (NOS).

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 8 th Edition 1 - 3 © 201 9 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. Peer - to - Peer Model 1. Discuss the characteristics of a P2P ( peer - to - peer ) network model . 2. Describe the characteristics of a traditional peer - to - peer network. 3. Use Figure 1 - 1 to illustrate resource sharing on a peer - to - peer network. 4. Discuss the three ways resources can be shared if all computers in a P2P network are running a Windows OS. 5. Describe the advantages of peer - to - peer networks. 6. Describe the disadvantages of peer - to - peer networks. Teaching Tip Be sure to emphasize that modifying file - sharing controls is operating system dependent and that this method of resource sharing may lead to access controls that are not uniform or secure. Client - Server Network Model 1. Introduce the client/server model. Use Figure 1 - 2 in your discussion. 2. Define and describe a Windows domain. Point out the centralized database that contains user account information and security for the entire group of computers is called Active Directory (AD). 3. Point out that a Microsoft account links local domain resources with Microsoft cloud resources . Compare this typ e of account to a local account, which is specific to a domain. Teaching Tip Students can learn more about Microsoft Active Directory by vis i ting: https://docs.microsoft.com/en - us/windows - server/identity/ad - ds/get - started/virtual - dc/active - directory - domain - services - overview 4. Describe how clients and servers communicate. 5. Provide examples of current Network Operating Systems and discuss some of the task s that a NOS is responsible.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 8 th Edition 1 - 4 © 201 9 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 6. Describe the disadvantage of a client/server network relative to a peer - to - peer network. 7. Describe the advantages of a client/server network relative to a peer - to - peer network. Client - Server Applications 1. Define network services . 2. Explain that a client - server application involves two computers:  client computer  server 3. Use Figure 1 - 3 to demonstrate how a client and server communicate across a network. 4. Define and discuss protocols. Teaching Tip Be sure to emphasize that it is possible for a computer to act as both a client and a server and explain how this might occur. 5. Discuss several popular client - server applications used on networks and the Internet:  w eb service  email services  FTP service  Telnet service  remote applications  Remote Desktop Network Hardware 1. Introduce this section by using Figure 1 - 6 to discuss networking hardware and how that hardware is connected together. LANs and Their Hardware 1. Define and describe a LAN. Mention that LANs are usually contained in a small space, such as an office or building. 2. Define and describe a switch. 3. I ntroduce the star topology. Use Figure 1 - 6 to illustrate a typical star topology network.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 8 th Edition 1 - 5 © 201 9 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 4. Compare a star topology to a mesh topology, where each device connects to multiple other devices. Use Figure 1 - 1 to illustrate a mesh topology. 5. Use Figure 1 - 8 to discuss the concept of a network port. 6. Define and describe NICs (network interface cards) . Use Figure 1 - 9 in your discussion. Point out that a NIC may also be called a network adapter. 7. Introduce the concept of a network backbone. 8. Note the cabling needs for a network backbone and discuss why they are important. 9. I ntroduce the bus topology as devices that are daisy - chained together . 10. Define and describe the star - bus topology , which is a type of hybrid topology. Use Figure 1 - 10 to illustrate a star - bus topology. 11. Define and describe a router as a device that manages traffic between two or more networks. Mention that a very important function of a router is to determine the best path for traffic to go through in order to reach its destination. 12. Use Figure s 1 - 12 and 1 - 1 3 to discuss the difference between a switch and a router. MANs and WANs 1. Define and describe a WAN as a group of LANs that spread over a wide 2. Define and describe a MAN . Point out that a MAN may also be called a CAN. 3. Use Figure 1 - 1 4 to illustrate a WAN connecting two LANs in different geographical areas . Teaching Tip Be sure to mention that the Internet the largest and most varied WAN in the world .

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 8 th Edition 1 - 6 © 201 9 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. Quick Quiz 1 1. Which of the following protocols is used by a client to send an email message? a. HTTP b. SMTP c. FTP d. RDP Answer: B 2. When Windows Server controls network access to a group of computers, this logical group is called which of the following ? a. workgroup b. homegroup c. domain d. access group Answer: C 3. True or F alse: A client/server network is the simplest network model. Answer: False 4. A _____ is a central conduit that connects the segments (pieces) of a network . Answer: backbone 5. A network that is larger than a LAN and connects clients and servers from multiple buildings is known as which of the following? a. WAN b. MAN c. PAN d. LAN Answer: b The Seven - Layer OSI Model 1. Use Figure 1 - 15 to compare network communications and the US Postal Service. 2. Define and describe the OSI reference model. Stress the importance of using the OSI model to help understand networking protocols and to troubleshoot network problems. 3. Introduce the seven layers of the OSI model. Use Figure 1 - 16 in your discussion. 4. Emphasize that the OSI model is a theoretical representation of what happens between two nodes communicating on a network.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 8 th Edition 1 - 7 © 201 9 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. Teaching Tip Students may find more information on the OSI Model's seven layers at http://support.microsoft.com/kb/103884 Layer 7: Application Layer 1. Introduce and describe the Application layer. 2. Explain how the Application Layer facilitates communication between software applications and lower - layer network services. 3. Point out that data passed between applications or utility programs and the OS is called a payload. Layer 6: Presentation Layer 1. Introduce and describe the Presentation layer as being responsible for reformatting, compressing, and/or encrypting data in a way that the application on the receiving end can read . 2. Explain how the Presentation layer services also manage data encryption (such as the scrambling of passwords) and decryption. Layer 5: Session Layer 1. Introduce and describe the function of the Session layer. 2. Explain how the term session is used to describe an established connection between two end points . 3. Point out that most tasks are performed by the OS when an application makes an API call to the OS. Layer 4: Transport Layer 1. Introduce and describe the function of the Transport layer. 2. Define and describe TCP and the characteristics of a connection - oriented protocol. 3. Define and describe UDP and the characteristics of a connectionless protocol. 4. Define encapsulation as the process of adding of a header to the data inherited from the layer above. 5. Discuss the Transport layer’s use of ports numbers.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 8 th Edition 1 - 8 © 201 9 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 6. Point out that TCP messages are divided into smaller messages called segments and UDP messages are known as a datagram. Layer 3: Network Layer 1. Introduce and describe the function of the Network layer. 2. Note that the IP protocol is the most common Network layer protocol. 3. Explain how the data unit accepted from the Transport layer is transformed into a packet. 4. Define and discuss an IP address. Mention that because an IP address is used by the Network layer, it may also be known as a network address. 5. Point out that IP relies on several routing protocols to find the best route for a packet when traversing several networks on its way to its destination. 6. D efine and discuss fragmentation, which is a process that divides a packet into smaller packets. Layer 2: Data Link Layer 1. Introduce and describe the function of the Data Link layer. 2. Point out that switches and NICs operate at this layer. 3. Explain that the Data Link layer puts its own control information in a header and attaches control information to the end of the packet (called a trailer) that was received from the Network layer above . The entire Data Link layer message is then called a frame. 4. Describe the communication mishap referred to as partial communication. 5. Describe a MAC address as a Layer 2 address that is found on every network adapter on the globe . Mention that a MAC address may also be referred to as a physical address, hardware address, or a Data Link layer address. Layer 1: Physical Layer 1. Introduce and describe the function of the Physical layer. 2. Explain the different signal types corresponding to the different transmission media.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 8 th Edition 1 - 9 © 201 9 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. Protocol Data Unit or PDU 1. Describe a PDU (protocol data units) and explain how it flows through the model. 2. Use Table 1 - 1 to discuss the different names for a PDU as it moves from one layer to another. Summary of How the Layers Work Together 1. Use Figure 1 - 17 and Table 1 - 2 to describe the steps through the OSI layers during a browser - to - Web server transmission. Safety Procedures and Policies Emergency Procedures 1. Discuss the importance of knowing the best escape route in the event of an emergency. 2. Describe the components of a fire suppression system : a. emergency alert system b. portable fire extinguishers c. emergency power - off switch d. suppression agent 3. Discuss the difference between a fail open and a fail close. Point out that a fail - open policy is often based on common sense so as to ensure that, in an emergency, no one is harmed when a system is not working. 4. Explain that a material safety data sheet (MSDS) explains how to properly handle substances such as chemical solvents and how to dispose of them. Safety Precautions 1. Explain that electrical and tool safety in workplaces is generally regulated by OSHA. 2. Discuss the general OSHA guidelines that should be followed when using power tools or other hand tools in the workplace: a. Wear PPE (personal protective equipment) b. Keep all tools in good condition and properly stored c. Use the right tool for the job d. Watch out for trip hazards 3. Describe the guidelines that should be followed when lifting heavy objects.

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 8 th Edition 1 - 10 © 201 9 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 4. Define and describe grounding. 5. Discuss the negative effects that static electricity (ESD) can have on electronic components. 6. Describe the steps that should be followed before touching a component. Troubleshooting Network Problems 1. Introduce basic troubleshooting methodology. 2. Use Figure 1 - 2 1 to describe each of the seven steps of the troubleshooting methodology. 3. Demonstrate using the seven steps to troubleshoot a failed network connection (see “Applying Concepts: Troubleshoot a Failed Network Connection”). Quick Quiz 2 1. What is t he seventh layer of the OSI model? a. Physical layer b. Transport layer c. Application layer d. Session layer Answer: C 2. The name given to a group of bits as it moves from one layer of the OSI model to the next is which of the following? a. frame b. packet c. segment d. protocol data unit (PDU) An swer: D 3. Protocols in the ____layer accept data from the Session layer and manage end - to - end delivery of data. Answer: Transport 4. True or False: The IP (Internet Protocol) operates in the Transport layer. Answer: False

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 8 th Edition 1 - 11 © 201 9 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. 5. The least intelligent s witches operate at which layer of the OSI model? a. Physical layer b. Transport layer c. Session layer d. Data Link layer Answer: D Class Discussion Topics 1. D iscuss the differences and similarities between a peer - to peer network and a client server network. 2. As a class, discuss the difference between a physical topology and a logical topology . Why are both necessary? Additional Projects 1. The student has learned that the OSI model allows TCP t o function at the Transport layer and IP to function at the Network layer. Have the students’ research TCP/IP protocols in more depth in relation to the OSI model . The students should then prepare a report summarizing their research. Included in the report should be a critique of the question, “Does the OSI models conform to TCP/IP protocols, or vice versa? Require students to defend their thoughts. Additional Resources 1. Understanding Client - Server Applications https://www.experts - exchange.com/articles/11271/Understanding - Client - Server - Protocols - and - Web - Applications.html 2. Client - Server vs. Peer Networks http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/local - area - network - wi - fi - wireless,3020 - 2.html 3. The Seven Layers of the OSI Model http://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/OSI_Layers.asp 4. How Stuff Works – Networking Library http://computer.howstuffworks.com/computer - networking - channel.htm

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 8 th Edition 1 - 12 © 201 9 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. Key Terms For definitions of key terms, see the Glossary near the end of the book.  Active Directory (AD)  Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS)  API (application programming interface) call  Application layer  backbone  bus topology  CAN (campus area network)  catastrophic failure  client  client - server applications  client - server network model  connectionless protocol  connection - oriented protocol  Data Link layer  Data Link layer address  datagram  decapsulation  domain  emergency alert system  encapsulation  ESD (electrostatic discharge)  fail close  fail open  fire suppression system  firmware  fragmentation  frame  FTP (File Transfer Protocol)  grounding  hardware address  header  host  HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)  HTTPS (HTTP Secure)  hub  hybrid topology  IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol, version 4)  IP (Internet Protocol)  IP address  knowledge base

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 8 th Edition 1 - 13 © 201 9 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use.  local area network (LAN)  logical topology  MAC (Media Access Control) address  MAN (metropolitan area network)  mesh topology  material safety data sheet (MSDS)  network  network interface card (NIC)  Network layer  network operating system (NOS)  network services  node  OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)  OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) reference model  peer - to - peer (P2P) network  Packet  PAN (personal area network)  payload  protocol data unit (PDU)  physical address  Physical layer  physical topology  POP3 (Post Office Protocol, version 3)  port number  PPE (personal protective equipment)  Presentation layer  protocol  RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)  remote application  Remote Desktop Services  ring topology  router  scalable  segment  server  Session layer  SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol)  SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)  SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)  SOHO (small office - home office)  SSH (Secure Shell)  SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)  star topology  star - bus topology  static electricity  switch

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 8 th Edition 1 - 14 © 201 9 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use.  TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)  TCP/IP  Telnet  TLS (Transport Layer Security)  topology  trailer  Transport layer  trip hazard  UDP (User Datagram Protocol)  upset failure  WAN (wide area network)

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    Network+ Guide to Networks, 8 th Edition 2 - 1 © 201 9 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as perm itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password - protected website for classroom use. Chapter 2 Network Infrastructure and Documentation At a Glance Instructor’s Manual Table of Contents  Overview  Objectives  Teaching Tips  Quick Quizzes  Class Discussion Topics  Additional Projects  Additional Resources  Key Terms

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