Test Bank for Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach, 4th North American Edition (Chapters 1-18)

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FULLTEST BANKAppliedPathophysiologyAConceptualApproach4thEditionby JudiNath,CarieBraunCompleteTestBank, AllChaptersareincluded

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AppliedPathophysiologyAConceptualApproachtotheMechanisms ofDisease4thEditionBraunTestBankChapter1IntroductiontoPathophysiology1.Thenucleus,whichisessentialforfunctionandsurvivalofthecell.A)isthesiteofproteinsynthesisB)containsthegeneticcodeC)transformscellularenergyD)initiatesaerobicmetabolism2.Althoughenergyisnotmadeinmitochondria,theyareknownasthepowerplantsofthecellbecausethey:A)containRNAforproteinsynthesis.B)utilizeglycolysisforoxidativeenergy.C)extractenergyfromorganiccompounds.D)storecalciumbondsformusclecontractions.3.Althoughthebasicstructureofthecellplasmamembrane isformedbyalipidbilayer,mostofthespecificmembranefunctionsarecarriedoutby:A)boundandtransmembraneproteins.B)complex,longcarbohydratechains.C)surfaceantigensandhormonereceptors.D)agating systemofselectiveionchannels.4.Toeffectivelyrelaysignals,cell-to-cellcommunicationutilizeschemicalmessengersystems that:A)displacesurfacereceptorproteins.B)accumulatewithincellgapjunctions.C)bindtocontractilemicrofilaments.D)releasesecretionsintoextracellularfluid.5.Aerobicmetabolism,alsoknownasoxidativemetabolism,providesenergyby:

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A)removingthephosphatebondsfromATP.B)combininghydrogenandoxygentoformwater.C)activatingpyruvatestoredinthecytoplasm.D)breakingdownglucosetoformlacticacid.6.Exocytosis,thereverseofendocytosis,isimportantininto theextracellular fluid.A)EngulfingandingestingfluidandproteinsfortransportB)Killing,degrading,anddissolvingharmfulmicroorganismsC)RemovingcellulardebrisandreleasingsynthesizedsubstancesD)Destructionofparticlesbylysosomalenzymesforsecretion7.Theprocessresponsibleforgeneratingandconductingmembranepotentialsis:A)diffusionofcurrent-carryingions.B)millivoltageofelectricalpotential.C)polarizationofchargedparticles.D)ionchannelneurotransmission.8.Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and thenumberoflayers.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectlymatcheddescriptionand typeofepithelialtissue?A)Simpleepithelium:cellsincontactwithintercellularmatrix;somedonotextendtosurfaceB)Stratifiedepithelium:singlelayerofcells;allcellsrestonbasementmembraneC)Glandularepithelium:arisefromsurfaceepitheliaandunderlyingconnectivetissueD)Pseudostratifiedepithelium:multiplelayersofcells;deepestlayerrestsonbasementmembrane9.Connectivetissuecontainsfibroblaststhatareresponsiblefor:A)providingafibrousframeworkforcapillaries.B)synthesisofcollagen,elastin,andreticularfibers.

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C)formingtendonsandthefasciathatcoversmuscles.D)filling spacesbetweentissuestokeeporgansinplace.10.Althoughallmuscletissuecellshavesomesimilarities,smoothmuscle(alsoknown asinvoluntarymuscle)differsby:A)havingdensebodiesattachedtoactinfilaments.B)containingsarcomeresbetweenZlinesandMbands.C)havingrapidcontractionsandabundantcross-striations.D)contractinginresponsetoincreasedintracellularcalcium.11.WhichofthefollowingaspectsofthefunctionofthenucleusisperformedbyribosomalRNA(rRNA)?A)CopyingandcarryingDNAinstructionsforproteinsynthesisB)CarryingaminoacidstothesiteofproteinsynthesisC)ProvidingthesitewhereproteinsynthesisoccursD)Regulatingandcontrollingproteinsynthesis12.Breakdown and removal of foreign substances and worn-out cell parts areperformedbywhichofthefollowingorganelles?A)LysosomesB)GolgiapparatusC)RibosomesD)Endoplasmicreticulum(ER)13.Impairmentinthefunctionofperoxisomeswouldresultin:A)inadequatesitesforproteinsynthesis.B)aninabilitytotransportcellularproductsacrossthecellmembrane.C)insufficientenergyproductionwithinacell.D)accumulationoffreeradicalsinthecytoplasm.14.After several months of trying to conceive, a couple is undergoing fertilitytesting.Semenanalysisindicatesthatthemansspermhavedecreasedmotility,afindingthatisthoughttounderliethecouplesinabilitytobecomepregnant.

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Whichofthefollowingcellularcomponentsmaybedefectivewithinthemanssperm?A)RibosomesB)MicrotubulesC)MitochondriaD)Microfilaments15.Whichofthefollowing statementsistrueofglycolysis?A)Glycolysisrequiresoxygen.B)Glycolysisoccursincellswithoutmitochondria.C)Glycolysisprovidesthemajorityofthebodysenergyneeds.D)Glycolysisproducesenergy,water,andcarbondioxide.16.Whichofthefollowingmembranetransportmechanismsrequiresthegreatestamountofenergy?A)FacilitateddiffusionB)PassivetransportC)VesiculartransportD)Simplediffusion17.A male patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencinghyperglycemiabecausehelackssufficientinsulintoincreasetheavailabilityofglucosetransporters in his cell membranes. Consequently, his cells lackintracellular glucose and it accumulates in his blood. Which of the followingprocesseswouldbestallowglucoseto crosshis cellmembranes?A)FacilitateddiffusionB)SimplediffusionC)SecondaryactivetransportD)Endocytosis18.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofskeletalmusclecells?A)Skeletalmusclecellseachhavean apical,lateral,andbasalsurface.

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B)They are closely apposed and are joined by cell-to-cell adhesionmolecules.C)Theirbasalsurfaceisattachedto abasementmembrane.D)Skeletalmuscleismultinucleated,lackingtruecellboundaries.19.Whichofthefollowingbodytissuesexhibitsthehighestrateofturnoverandrenewal?A)ThesquamousepithelialcellsoftheskinB)TheconnectivetissuesupportingbloodvesselsC)TheskeletalmusclethatfacilitatesmovementD)Thenervoustissuethatconstitutesthecentralnervoussystem20.Apatientwithapathophysiologicconditionthataffectsthedesmosomesismostlikelytoexhibit:A)impairedcontractionofskeletalandsmoothmuscle.B)weaknessofthecollagenandelastinfibersintheextracellularspace.C)impairedcommunicationbetweenneuronsandeffectororgans.D)separationatthejunctionsbetweenepithelialcells.AnswerKey1.B2.C3.A4.D5.B6.C7.A8.C9.B10.A

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11.C12.A13.D14.B15.B16.C17.A18.D19.A20.DChapter2AlteredCellsandTissues1.Ischemiaandothertoxicinjuriesincreasetheaccumulationofintracellularcalciumasaresultof:A)releaseofstoredcalciumfromthemitochondria.B)improvedintracellularvolumeregulation.C)decreasedinfluxacrossthecellmembrane.D)attractionofcalciumtofattyinfiltrates.2.Thepatientisfound tohaveliverdisease,resultingintheremovalofalobeofhisliver.Adaptationtothereducedsizeoftheliverleadstooftheremainingliver cells.A)metaplasiaB)organatrophyC)compensatoryhyperplasiaD)physiologichypertrophy3.A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction ispartially cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. Theprolongedcellhypoxiacausedacerebralinfarctionandresultinginthebrain.

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A)caspaseactivationB)coagulationnecrosisC)rapidphagocytosisD)proteinp53deficiency4.Bacteriaandviruses causecelldamageby,whichisuniquefromtheintracellulardamage caused by otherinjurious agents.A)disruptingthesodium/potassiumATPasepumpB)interruptingoxidativemetabolismprocessesC)replicatingandproducingcontinuedinjuryD)decreasingproteinsynthesisandfunction5.Thepatienthasaprolongedinterruptioninarterialbloodflowtohisleftkidney,causing hypoxic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicalsdamagecells by:A)destroyingphospholipidsinthecellmembrane.B)alteringtheimmuneresponseofthecell.C)disruptingcalciumstorageinthecell.D)inactivationofenzymesandmitochondria.6.Injuredcellshaveimpairedflowofsubstancesthroughthecellmembraneasaresultof:A)increasedfatload.B)alteredpermeability.C)alteredglucoseutilization.D)increasedsurfacereceptors.7.Reversibleadaptiveintracellularresponsesareinitiatedby:A)stimulusoverload.B)geneticmutations.C)chemicalmessengers.D)mitochondrialDNA.

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8.Injuredcellsbecomeveryswollenasaresultof:A)increasedcellproteinsynthesis.B)alteredcellvolumeregulation.C)passiveentryofpotassiumintothecell.D)blebformationintheplasmamembrane.9.A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of hisfeet. He steps on a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissuebecomesnecrotic.Thenecroticcelldeath ischaracterizedby:A)rapidapoptosis.B)cellularrupture.C)shrinkageandcollapse.D)chronicinflammation.10.A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associatedwith age.Agroupoftheoriesofcellular aging focusonprogrammed:A)changeswithgeneticinfluences.B)eliminationofcellreceptorsites.C)insufficienttelomeraseenzyme.D)DNAmutationorfaultyrepair.11.An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in hermobility andstamina during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of afemoralheadfracture.Whichofthefollowingphenomenamostlikelyaccountsfor the patients decrease in muscle function that underlies her reducedmobility?A)ImpairedmusclecellmetabolismresultingfrommetaplasiaB)DysplasiaasaconsequenceofinflammationduringboneremodelingC)DisuseatrophyofmusclecellsduringaprolongedperiodofimmobilityD)Ischemicatrophyresultingfromvascularchangeswhileonbedrest12.A 20-year-old collegestudent has presented to her campus medical clinic for ascheduledPapanicolaou(Pap)smear.Theclinicianwhowillinterpretthesmearwillexaminecellsamplesfor evidence of:

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A)changesin cellshape,size,and organization.B)thepresenceofunexpectedcelltypes.C)ischemicchangesincellsamples.D)abnormallyhighnumbersofcellsinaspecifiedfield.13.Whichofthefollowingpathophysiologicprocessesismostlikelytoresultinmetastaticcalcification?A)BenignprostatichyperplasiaB)LivercirrhosisC)ImpairedglycogenmetabolismD)Hyperparathyroidism14.Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, aradiology technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizingradiation.Whatistheprimary rationale forthetechniciansprecautions?A)Radiationstimulatespathologiccellhypertrophyandhyperplasia.B)Radiationresultsintheaccumulationofendogenouswasteproductsinthecytoplasm.C)RadiationinterfereswithDNAsynthesisandmitosis.D)Radiationdecreasestheactionpotentialofrapidlydividingcells.15.The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter hasadmitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have beendeterminedtobemadeoflead.Whichofthefollowingbloodtestsshould thecareteamprioritize?A)Whitebloodcelllevelswith differentialB)RedbloodcelllevelsandmorphologyC)UreaandcreatininelevelsD)Liverfunctionpanel16.A 70-year-old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment ofarecenthemorrhagicstrokethathaslefthimwithnumerousmotorandsensorydeficits. These deficits are most likely the result of which of the followingmechanismsofcellinjury?

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A)FreeradicalinjuryB)HypoxiaandATPdepletionC)InterferencewithDNAsynthesisD)Impairedcalciumhomeostasis17.Whichofthefollowingprocessesassociatedwithcellularinjuryismostlikelyto bereversible?A)CelldamageresultingfromaccumulationoffatinthecytoplasmB)CellularchangesasaresultofionizingradiationC)CelldamagefromaccumulationoffreeradicalsD)Apoptosis18.Theextrinsicpathwayofapoptosiscanbeinitiatedby:A)damagetocellularDNA.B)decreasedATPlevels.C)activationofthep53 protein.D)activationofdeathreceptorsonthecellsurface.19.Apatient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of drygangreneonthegreattoeofonefoot.Whichofthefollowingpathophysiologicprocessesmostlikelycontributedto this diagnosis?A)InappropriateactivationofapoptosisB)BacterialinvasionC)ImpairedarterialbloodsupplyD)Metaplasticcellularchanges20.Whichofthefollowing factsunderliestheconceptofreplicativesenescence?A)Genescontrollinglongevityarepresentorabsentinvaryingquantitiesamongdifferentindividuals.B)Telomeresbecomeprogressivelyshorterinsuccessivegenerationsofacell.C)Thedamaginginfluenceoffreeradicalsincreasesexponentiallyinlatergenerationsofa cell.

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D)AgingproducesmutationsinDNAanddeficitsinDNArepair.AnswerKey1.A2.C3.B4.C5.A6.B7.C8.B9.B10.A11.C12.A13.D14.C15.B16.B17.A18.D19.C20.BChapter3InflammationandTissueRepair1.Thecharacteristic,localizedcardinalsignsofacuteinflammation include:A)fever.

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B)fatigue.C)redness.D)granuloma.2.The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation isinitiated bymomentaryvasoconstrictionfollowedbyvasodilationthatcauseslocalized:A)bleeding.B)congestion.C)paleskin.D)coolness.3.The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement ofleukocytesinto thearea.Whichofthefollowingcellsarrivesearlyingreatnumbers?A)BasophilsB)LymphocytesC)NeutrophilsD)Platelets4.Thephagocytosisprocessinvolvesthreedistinctsteps.Whatistheinitialstepintheprocess?A)EngulfmentB)IntracellularkillingC)AntigenmarginationD)Recognitionandadherence5.Whichofthefollowingmediatorsofinflammationcausesincreasedcapillarypermeabilityandpain?A)SerotoninB)HistamineC)BradykininD)Nitricoxide

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6.Inflammatoryexudatesareacombinationofseveraltypes.Whichofthefollowingexudatesiscomposed ofenmeshed necroticcells?A)SerousB)FibrinousC)SuppurativeD)Membranous7.Theacute-phasesystemicresponseusuallybeginswithinhoursoftheonsetofinflammationandincludes:A)feverandlethargy.B)decreasedC-reactiveprotein.C)positivenitrogenbalance.D)lowerythrocytesedimentationrate.8.Incontrasttoacuteinflammation,chronicinflammationischaracterizedbywhichofthefollowingphenomena?A)ProfusefibrinousexudationB)Ashiftto theleftofgranulocytesC)MetabolicandrespiratoryalkalosisD)Lymphocytosisandactivatedmacrophages9.Exogenouspyrogens(interleukin-1)andthepresenceofbacteriainthebloodleadtothereleaseof endogenouspyrogensthat:A)stabilizethermalcontrolinthebrain.B)produceleukocytosisandanorexia.C)blockviralreplicationincells.D)inhibitprostaglandinrelease.10.An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted toboost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation in theregion surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will occur duringthevascular stageofthepatientsinflammation?A)Outpouringofexudateintointerstitialspaces

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B)ChemotaxisC)AccumulationofleukocytesalongtheepitheliumD)Phagocytosisofcellulardebris11.Whichofthefollowingindividualsmostlikelyhasthehighestriskofexperiencing chronic inflammation?A)Apatientwho hasrecentlybeendiagnosedwithtype2 diabetesB)Apatientwhoisacarrierofanantibiotic-resistantorganismC)ApatientwhoistakingoralantibioticsforanupperrespiratoryinfectionD)Apatientwhoismorbidlyobeseandwhohasasedentarylifestyle12.Whichofthefollowing corebodytemperaturesiswithinnormalrange?A)35.9C(96.6F)B)38.0C(100.4F)C)35.5C(95.9F)D)37.3C(99.1F)13.A postsurgical patient who isrecovering in the postanesthetic recovery unitstatesthatsheisfreezingcold.Whichofthefollowingmeasuresislikely tobeinitiatedinthepatients hypothalamusin anefforttoreduceheatloss?A)Openingofarteriovenous(AV)shuntsB)ReducedexhalationofwarmedairC)ContractionofpilomotormusclesD)Decreasedurineproduction14.Anelderlypatientisdressedonlyinahospitalgown andcomplainsofadraftinher room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket while she sits in herwheelchair. Which of the following mechanisms of heat loss is most likely theprimary causeofherrequest?A)EvaporationandconductionB)RadiationandconvectionC)ConductionandconvectionD)Convectionandevaporation

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15.Whichofthefollowingpathophysiologicprocessesarecapableofinducingtheproductionofpyrogens?Selectallthatapply.A)AcuteinflammationB)ObesityC)MyocardialinfarctionD)MalignancyE)Renalfailure16.Whichofthefollowingpatientsismostlikelytobesusceptibletodevelopinganeurogenicfever?A)ApatientwhohasstageIIAlzheimer diseaseB)Apatientwhohassustainedahead injury inabicyclecrashC)ApatientwhohasbecomedeliriousaftertheadministrationofabenzodiazepineD)Apatientwhohasbeguntakingaselectiveserotonin-reuptakeinhibitor(SSRI)forthetreatment ofdepression17.Patientsarecommonlyadministeredantipyreticswhentheiroraltemperatureexceeds 37.5C (99.5F). Which of the following statements related to therationalefor this action is mostaccurate?A)Temperaturesinexcessof37.5C(99.5F)canresultinseizureactivity.B)Lowertemperaturesinhibittheproteinsynthesisofbacteria.C)Thereislittleempiricalevidenceforthistreatmentmodality.D)Mostcommonantipyreticshavebeenshowntohavelittleeffectoncoretemperature.18.A patient has sought care because of recent malaise and high fever. Uponassessment, the patient states that his current fever began two days earlier,although he states that for the last 2 weeks he is in a cycle of highfever for acoupleofdaysfollowedbyaday or twoofnormaltemperature.Whichofthefollowingfever patternsis thispatient experiencing?A)RecurrentfeverB)Remittentfever

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C)SustainedfeverD)Intermittentfever19.A febrile, 3-week-old infant has beenbrought to the emergency department byhis parents and is currently undergoing a diagnostic workup to determine thecauseofhisfever.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestconveystherationalefor this carefulexamination?A)Theimmaturehypothalamusisunabletoperformnormalthermoregulation.B)Infantsaresusceptibletoseriousinfectionsbecauseoftheirdecreasedimmunefunction.C)Commonlyusedantipyreticsoftenhavenoeffectonthecoretemperatureofinfants.D)Feverinneonatesisoftenevidenceofacongenitaldisorderratherthananinfection.20.An 84-year-old patients blood cultures have come back positive, despite thefactthathisoraltemperaturehasremainedwithinnormalrange.Whichofthefollowing phenomena underlies the alterations in feverresponse that occur intheelderly?A)DisturbanceinthefunctioningofthethermoregulatorycenterB)IncreasedheatlossbyevaporationC)ThepresenceofcomorbiditiesthatareassociatedwithloweredcoretemperatureD)PersistentclosureofarteriovenousshuntsAnswerKey1.C2.B3.C4.D5.C

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6.D7.A8.D9.B10.A11.D12.D13.C14.B15.A,C, D16.B17.C18.D19.B20.AChapter4AlteredImmunity1.ThemediatorsinvolvedintypeIhypersensitivityallergicresponsesarereleasedfrom:A)mastcells.B)plasmacells.C)monocytes.D)arachidonicacid.2.Ageneticallydeterminedhypersensitivitytocommonenvironmentalallergenscausesreactions,suchas:A)atopic;urticaria.B)autoimmune;diarrhea.C)IgM-mediated;infections.

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D)delayed;poisonivyrash:3.MismatchedbloodtransfusionreactionwithhemolysisofbloodcellsisanexampleoftypeII,mediatedhypersensitivity reaction.A)T-cellB)antibodyC)leukotrieneD)complement4.Type III hypersensitivity immune responses can be harmful when immunecomplexdepositsintissueactivatethat can directly damage areatissues.A)inflammationB)autoantibodiesC)cytotoxiccellsD)immunoglobulins5.The mechanism by which humans recognize self-cells from non-self (antigens)-cellsis.A)autoimmunityB)self-toleranceC)non-selfanergyD)immunocompatibility6.Organrejectionisacomplicationoforgantransplantationcausedbyrecipientimmunecells:A)destroyingthehostTcells.B)attackonthedonorcells.C)combiningwithgraftsHLA.D)beingrecognizedasforeign.7.TheleadingcauseofdeathforpeoplewithHIV isopportunistic.A)leukemia

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B)tuberculosisC)pneumoniaD)toxoplasmosis8.Wastingsyndrome,anAIDS-definingillness,ischaracterizedbyinvoluntaryweightlossofatleast10%ofbaselinebodyweightinthepresenceof:A)diarrhea.B)hypermetabolism.C)weaknessandfever.D)glucoseintolerance.9.ThewindowperiodofHIVinfection referstotheperiodoftimebetweeninfection and:A)transmission.B)seroconversion.C)initialsymptoms.D)antibodyscreening.10.HIV-positivepersonsthatdisplaymanifestationsoflaboratorycategory3orclinicalcategoryCareconsideredtohave:A)zeroviralload.B)seroconversion.C)completeremission.D)AIDS-definingillnesses.11.Contact with poison ivy has resulted in intense pruritus, erythema, and weepingon a patients forearm. Which of the following processes resulted in the patientssignsandsymptoms?A)IgE-mediatedmastcelldegranulationB)Formationofantigen-antibodycomplexesC)CytokinereleasebysensitizedTcellsD)Formationofantibodiesagainstcellsurfaceantigens

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12.A patient with a long history of hay fever has recentlybegun a series ofimmunotherapy(allergyshots).Howwillthistreatmentpotentiallyachieveatherapeuticeffect?A)ByblockingcytokinereleasefromsensitizedmastcellsB)BypreventingmastcellsfrombecomingsensitizedC)BycausingTcellstobesequesteredinthethymusforlongerperiodsD)BystimulatingproductionofIgGtocombinewithantigens13.Apatientwithadiagnosisofcirrhosishasexperiencedanacuterejectionofadonor liver. Which of the following cells is central to the rejection ofthepatientstransplantedorgan?A)NaturalkillercellsB)MastcellsC)TcellsD)Neutrophils14.A patient with a diagnosis of aplastic anemia has undergone allogenic bonemarrow transplantation. Which of the following signs and symptoms wouldmostclearlysuggesttheexistenceofgraft-versus-hostdisease(GVHD)?A)Shortnessofbreath,audiblecrackles,and decreasingPaO2B)Presenceofapruriticrashthathasbegunto sloughoffC)DevelopmentofmetabolicacidosisD)Diaphoresis,fever,andanxiety15.A patient has developedpericarditis after developing acute glomerulonephritis,a development that may be attributable to the presence of similar epitopes ongroup A, b-hemolytic streptococci and the antigens in the patients heart tissue.Whichofthefollowinghasmostlikelyaccountedforthispatientsautoimmuneresponse?A)BreakdownofT-cellanergyB)ReleaseofsequesteredantigensC)SuperantigensD)Molecularmimicry

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16.A 70-year-old female patient has had her mobility and independencesignificantlyreducedbyrheumatoidarthritis.Whichofthefollowingprocesseslikely contributed tothedevelopmentofherhealthproblem?A)Delayed-typehypersensitivity(DTH)reactionB)ProliferationofcytotoxicTcellsC)Failureofnormalself-toleranceD)DeletionofautoreactiveBcells17.Whichofthefollowingwouldconstituteanormalassessmentfindinginaneonate?A)MinimalorabsentlevelsofIgA andIgMB)AbsenceofplasmacellsinthelymphnodesandspleenC)UndetectablelevelsofallimmunoglobulinsD)AbsenceofmatureBcellswithnormalT-celllevelsandfunction18.A patient was diagnosed as HIV positive several years ago. Which of thefollowingbloodtestsismostclinicallyusefulfordeterminingthestageandseverityofher disease?A)PlasmalevelsB)CD4+cellcountsC)ViralloadD)Whitebloodcellcountwithdifferential19.A patient has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of HIV infection,which has recently progressed to overt AIDS. Which of the following nursingactionsshouldthenurseprioritizewhenprovidingcarefor thispatient?A)FrequentneurologicvitalsignsandthoroughskincareB)HemodynamicmonitoringandphysicaltherapyC)CarefulmonitoringoffluidbalanceandneurologicstatusD)Astuteinfectioncontrolandrespiratoryassessments20.Shortly after being diagnosed with HIV, apatient has begun highly activeantiretroviraltherapy (HAART).Whatistheprimarygoalofthepatientsdrugregimen?

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A)TolimitthelatentperiodofHIVB)Toslow theprogressionofthediseaseC)TominimizeopportunitiesfortransmissionD)TopreventseroconversionAnswerKey1.A2.A3.B4.A5.B6.B7.B8.A9.B10.D11.C12.D13.C14.B15.D16.C17.A18.B19.D20.B

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Chapter5Infection1.Althoughgrowthrateisvariableamongtypesofbacteria,thegrowthofbacteriaisdependenton:A)biofilmcommunication.B)availabilityofnutrients.C)anintactproteincapsid.D)individualcellmotility.2.Treponemapallidum,thecauseofsyphilis,isaspirochetebacteriumthatisspreadfromhuman tohumanby:A)tickorlicevectorbites.B)directphysicalcontact.C)exposuretoinfectedurine.D)inhalingairborneparticles.3.Chlamydiaceae,arathercommonsexuallytransmittedinfectiousorganism,hascharacteristics of both viruses and bacteria. The infectious form of thisorganismslifecycleisuntilitenters thehostcell.A)anelementarybodyB)adheredtocholesterolC)propelledbyfilamentsD)encapsulatedhyphae4.Becausedermatophytesarecapableofgrowing, the infection ismainly foundon cutaneous surfacesof thebody.A)apowderycolonyB)inmoistskin foldsC)oncoolertissueD)branchingfilaments5.Althoughbotheukaryotesandprokaryotesarecapableofcausinginfectiousdiseasesinhumans, eukaryotesareuniquebecausethey haveadistinct:

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A)organizednucleus.B)circularplasmidDNA.C)cytoplasmicmembrane.D)variationofshapeandsize.6.Whateverthemechanismofentry,thehuman-to-humantransmissionofinfectiousagents is directly related tothe:A)sourceofcontact.B)siteofinfection.C)numberofpathogensabsorbed.D)virulencefactors.7.Thecourseofanyinfectiousdiseaseprogressesthroughseveraldistinctstagesafter the pathogen enters the host. Although the duration may vary, thehallmarkoftheprodromalstageis:A)tissueinflammationanddamage.B)initialappearanceofsymptoms.C)progressivepathogenelimination.D)containmentofinfectiouspathogens.8.Althoughbacterialtoxinsvaryintheiractivityandeffectsonhostcells,asmallamountofgram-negativebacteriaendotoxin:A)isreleasedduringcellgrowth.B)inactivateskeycellularfunctions.C)usesproteintoactivateenzymes.D)inthecellwallactivatesinflammation.9.Serologytestingincludesthemeasurementofwhichofthefollowing?A)AntibodytitersB)CulturegrowthC)DirectantigensD)DNAsequencing

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10.Prionscausetransmissibleneurodegenerativediseasesandarecharacterizedby:A)alackofreproductivecapacity.B)hypermetabolism.C)enzymeproduction.D)chronicinflammation.11.Whichofthefollowingindividualsisexperiencingahealthproblemthatistheresultofaparasite?A)A college student who contractedChlamydia trachomatisduring anunprotectedsexualencounterB)AmanwhoacquiredmalariawhileonatropicalvacationC)AhospitalpatientwhohasdevelopedpostoperativepneumoniaD)AwomanwhodevelopedhepatitisAfromeatingatanunhygienicrestaurant12.Whichofthefollowing traitsischaracteristicofsaprophytes?A)Theyderiveenergyfromdecayingorganicmatter.B)Theyarebeneficialcomponentsofhumanmicroflora.C)TheyhaveRNAorDNA,butneverboth.D)Theyarecapableofsporeproduction.13.Ahospitalpatientwasswabbedonadmissionforantibiotic-resistantorganismsand has just been informed that methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is present in his groin. The patient has a normal core temperature andwhitebloodcellcount.Thispatientisexperiencingwhichofthefollowing?A)InfectionB)ProliferationC)ColonizationD)Inflammation14.A33-year-oldpatientwhoisalong-termintravenoususerofheroinhasbeenrecently diagnosed with hepatitis C. Which of the following portals of entrymostlikelyledto thepatientsinfection?

Test Bank for Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach, 4th North American Edition (Chapters 1-18) - Page 28 preview image

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A)DirectcontactB)VerticaltransmissionC)IngestionD)Penetration15.A9-month-oldinfanthasbeendiagnosedwithbotulismafterhewasfedhoney.The childs mother was prompted to seek care because of this childs suddenonset of neuromusculardeficits, which were later attributed to the release ofsubstances byClostridium botulinumbacteria. Which virulence factorcontributedtothis childsillness?A)EndotoxinsB)AdhesionfactorsC)ExotoxinsD)Evasivefactors16.A patient with a long-standing diagnosisof Crohn disease has developed aperianalabscess.Whichofthefollowingtreatmentswillthispatientmostlikelyrequire?A)AntiviraltherapyB)AntibiotictherapyC)SurgicaldrainingD)Pressuredressing17.Apatientsprimarycareproviderhasordereddirectantigendetectioninthecareof a patient with a serious symptomatology of unknown origin. Which of thefollowingprocesseswillbe conducted?A)DetectingDNAsequencesthatareuniquetothesuspectedpathogenB)GrowthofbiofilmsonvariousmediainthelaboratorysettingC)QuantificationofIgGandIgMantibodiesinthepatientsbloodD)Introductionofmonoclonalantibodiestoabloodsamplefromthepatient18.Apatienthasbeguntakingacyclovir,anantiviralmedication,tocontrolherpessimplexoutbreaks.Whatisthisdrugsmechanismofaction?A)Inhibitionofviral adhesiontocells

Test Bank for Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach, 4th North American Edition (Chapters 1-18) - Page 29 preview image

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B)EliminationofexotoxinproductionC)Antagonismofsomaticcellbinding sitesD)Interferencewithviralreplicationprocesses19.Internationaltravelhascontributedtoincreasedprevalenceandincidenceofnonindigenousdiseasesby increasingwhichofthefollowing?A)PortalsofentryB)SourcesofinfectionC)VirulenceD)Diseasecourse20.Apublichealthnurseshouldrecognizethatsexuallytransmittedinfections(STIs)aretypically spreadby whichofthefollowing mechanisms?A)PenetrationB)VerticaltransmissionC)DirectcontactD)IngestionAnswerKey1.B2.B3.A4.C5.A6.C7.B8.D9.A10.A

Test Bank for Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach, 4th North American Edition (Chapters 1-18) - Page 30 preview image

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11.B12.A13.C14.D15.C16.C17.D18.D19.B20.CChapter6GeneticandDevelopmentalDisorders1.Geneticdisordersthatinvolveasinglegenetraitare characterized by:A)multifactorialgenemutations.B)chromosomerearrangements.C)Mendelianpatternsoftransmission.D)abnormalnumbersofchromosomes.2.Inadditiontohavinga50%chanceofinheritinganautosomaldominantdisorderfroman affectedparent,suchadisorderischaracterizedby:A)aneuploidyofgenesinallcells.B)deficienciesinenzymesynthesis.C)affectedXtransmissiontodaughters.D)variedgenepenetrationandexpression.3.Autosomalrecessivedisordersarecharacterizedby:A)ageofonsetlaterinlife.B)abnormalproteinstructure.C)inbornerrorsofmetabolism.

Test Bank for Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach, 4th North American Edition (Chapters 1-18) - Page 31 preview image

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D)onein tworiskofacarrierchild.4.WhenamalechildinheritsanX-linkeddisorderfromhisheterozygouscarriermother,A)hissonswillbecarriers.B)hisfatherhasthedisorder.C)someofhis sisters willbecarriers.D)hisdaughterswillhavethedisorder.5.Multifactorialinheritancedisorders,suchascleftpalate,areoftencausedbyduringfetaldevelopment.A)multiplegenemutationsB)dominantgeneexpressionC)X-linkedcrossoverproblemD)polyploidyofchromosomes6.Thenewbornhasthedistinctivephysicalfeaturesoftrisomy21,Downsyndrome,whichincludes:A)upwardslantingofeyes.B)large,protrudingears.C)thinlipsandsmalltongue.D)longfingerswith extracreases.7.Aneuploidy of the Xchromosome can result in a monosomy or polysomydisorder.ThemanifestationsofmonosomyX,Turnersyndrome,differfrompolysomyXdisordersinnumerouswaysthatinclude:A)short-staturefemaleindividual..B)mentalretardation.C)enlargedbreasts.D)earlyonsetpuberty.8.Ateratogenicenvironmentalagentcancausebirthdefectswhen:A)inheritedasarecessivetrait.

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