Test Bank for Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach to the Mechanisms of Disease, 3rd Edition (Chapters 1-18)

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Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach to theMechanisms of Disease 3rd Edition Braun Test BankChapter 1Introduction to Pathophysiology1.The nucleus _________, which is essential for function and survival of the cell.A)is the site of protein synthesisB)contains the genetic codeC)transforms cellular energyD)initiates aerobic metabolism2.Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the powerplants of the cell because they:A)contain RNA for protein synthesis.B)utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.C)extract energy from organic compounds.D)store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.3.Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipidbilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by:A)bound and transmembrane proteins.B)complex, long carbohydrate chains.C)surface antigens and hormone receptors.D)a gating system of selective ion channels.4.To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemicalmessenger systems that:A)displace surface receptor proteins.B)accumulate within cell gap junctions.C)bind to contractile microfilaments.D)release secretions into extracellular fluid.5.Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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A)removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.B)combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.C)activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm.D)breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.6.Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in _______ into theextracellular fluid.A)Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transportB)Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganismsC)Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substancesD)Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion7.The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:A)diffusion of current-carrying ions.B)millivoltage of electrical potential.C)polarization of charged particles.D)ion channel neurotransmission.8.Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and thenumber of layers. Which of the following is a correctly matched descriptionand type of epithelial tissue?A)Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do notextend to surfaceB)Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basementmembraneC)Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and underlyingconnective tissueD)Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; deepest layer rests onbasement membrane9.Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:A)providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.B)synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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C)forming tendons and the fascia that covers muscles.D)filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in place.10.Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth muscle (alsoknown as involuntary muscle) differs by:A)having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.B)containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands.C)having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.D)contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium.11.Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed byribosomal RNA (rRNA)?A)Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesisB)Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesisC)Providing the site where protein synthesis occursD)Regulating and controlling protein synthesis12.Breakdown and removal of foreign substances and worn-out cell parts areperformed by which of the following organelles?A)LysosomesB)Golgi apparatusC)RibosomesD)Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)13.Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:A)inadequate sites for protein synthesis.B)an inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane.C)insufficient energy production within a cell.D)accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm.14.After several months of trying to conceive, a couple is undergoing fertilitytesting. Semen analysis indicates that the mans sperm have decreased motility,a finding that is thought to underlie the couples inability to become pregnant.lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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Which of the following cellular components may be defective within the manssperm?A)RibosomesB)MicrotubulesC)MitochondriaD)Microfilaments15.Which of the following statements is true of glycolysis?A)Glycolysis requires oxygen.B)Glycolysis occurs in cells without mitochondria.C)Glycolysis provides the majority of the bodys energy needs.D)Glycolysis produces energy, water, and carbon dioxide.16.Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires the greatestamount of energy?A)Facilitated diffusionB)Passive transportC)Vesicular transportD)Simple diffusion17.A male patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencinghyperglycemia because he lacks sufficient insulin to increase the availability ofglucose transporters in his cell membranes. Consequently, his cells lackintracellular glucose and it accumulates in his blood. Which of the followingprocesses would best allow glucose to cross his cell membranes?A)Facilitated diffusionB)Simple diffusionC)Secondary active transportD)Endocytosis18.Which of the following statements is true of skeletal muscle cells?A)Skeletal muscle cells each have an apical, lateral, and basal surface.lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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B)They are closely apposed and are joined by cell-to-cell adhesionmolecules.C)Their basal surface is attached to a basement membrane.D)Skeletal muscle is multinucleated, lacking true cell boundaries.19.Which of the following body tissues exhibits the highest rate of turnover andrenewal?A)The squamous epithelial cells of the skinB)The connective tissue supporting blood vesselsC)The skeletal muscle that facilitates movementD)The nervous tissue that constitutes the central nervous system20.A patient with a pathophysiologic condition that affects the desmosomes ismost likely to exhibit:A)impaired contraction of skeletal and smooth muscle.B)weakness of the collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular space.C)impaired communication between neurons and effector organs.D)separation at the junctions between epithelial cells.Answer Key1.B2.C3.A4.D5.B6.C7.A8.C9.B10.AlOMoARcPSD|13778330

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11.C12.A13.D14.B15.B16.C17.A18.D19.A20.DChapter 2 Altered Cells and Tissues1.Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellularcalcium as a result of:A)release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.B)improved intracellular volume regulation.C)decreased influx across the cell membrane.D)attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.2.The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe ofhis liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to ___________ ofthe remaining liver cells.A)metaplasiaB)organ atrophyC)compensatory hyperplasiaD)physiologic hypertrophy3.A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction ispartially cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. Theprolonged cell hypoxia caused a cerebral infarction and resulting __________in the brain.lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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A)caspase activationB)coagulation necrosisC)rapid phagocytosisD)protein p53 deficiency4.Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by _______, which is unique from theintracellular damage caused by other injurious agents.A)disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pumpB)interrupting oxidative metabolism processesC)replicating and producing continued injuryD)decreasing protein synthesis and function5.The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney,causing hypoxic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicalsdamage cells by:A)destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane.B)altering the immune response of the cell.C)disrupting calcium storage in the cell.D)inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria.6.Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as aresult of:A)increased fat load.B)altered permeability.C)altered glucose utilization.D)increased surface receptors.7.Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:A)stimulus overload.B)genetic mutations.C)chemical messengers.D)mitochondrial DNA.lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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8.Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:A)increased cell protein synthesis.B)altered cell volume regulation.C)passive entry of potassium into the cell.D)bleb formation in the plasma membrane.9.A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of hisfeet. He steps on a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissuebecomes necrotic. The necrotic cell death is characterized by:A)rapid apoptosis.B)cellular rupture.C)shrinkage and collapse.D)chronic inflammation.10.A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associatedwith age. A group of theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:A)changes with genetic influences.B)elimination of cell receptor sites.C)insufficient telomerase enzyme.D)DNA mutation or faulty repair.11.An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in hermobility and stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of afemoral head fracture. Which of the following phenomena most likely accountsfor the patients decrease in muscle function that underlies her reducedmobility?A)Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasiaB)Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodelingC)Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobilityD)Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest12.A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for ascheduled Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smearwill examine cell samples for evidence of:lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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A)changes in cell shape, size, and organization.B)the presence of unexpected cell types.C)ischemic changes in cell samples.D)abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field.13.Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result inmetastatic calcification?A)Benign prostatic hyperplasiaB)Liver cirrhosisC)Impaired glycogen metabolismD)Hyperparathyroidism14.Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, aradiology technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizingradiation. What is the primary rationale for the technicians precautions?A)Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.B)Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in thecytoplasm.C)Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis.D)Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.15.The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter hasadmitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have beendetermined to be made of lead. Which of the following blood tests should thecare team prioritize?A)White blood cell levels with differentialB)Red blood cell levels and morphologyC)Urea and creatinine levelsD)Liver function panel16.A 70-year-old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment ofa recent hemorrhagic stroke that has left him with numerous motor and sensorydeficits. These deficits are most likely the result of which of the followingmechanisms of cell injury?lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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A)Free radical injuryB)Hypoxia and ATP depletionC)Interference with DNA synthesisD)Impaired calcium homeostasis17.Which of the following processes associated with cellular injury is most likelyto be reversible?A)Cell damage resulting from accumulation of fat in the cytoplasmB)Cellular changes as a result of ionizing radiationC)Cell damage from accumulation of free radicalsD)Apoptosis18.The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis can be initiated by:A)damage to cellular DNA.B)decreased ATP levels.C)activation of the p53 protein.D)activation of death receptors on the cell surface.19.A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of drygangrene on the great toe of one foot. Which of the following pathophysiologicprocesses most likely contributed to this diagnosis?A)Inappropriate activation of apoptosisB)Bacterial invasionC)Impaired arterial blood supplyD)Metaplastic cellular changes20.Which of the following facts underlies the concept of replicative senescence?A)Genes controlling longevity are present or absent in varying quantitiesamong different individuals.B)Telomeres become progressively shorter in successive generations of acell.C)The damaging influence of free radicals increases exponentially in latergenerations of a cell.lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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D)Aging produces mutations in DNA and deficits in DNA repair.Answer Key1.A2.C3.B4.C5.A6.B7.C8.B9.B10.A11.C12.A13.D14.C15.B16.B17.A18.D19.C20.BChapter 3 Inflammation and Tissue Repair1.The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:A)fever.lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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B)fatigue.C)redness.D)granuloma.2.The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated bymomentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:A)bleeding.B)congestion.C)pale skin.D)coolness.3.The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement ofleukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in greatnumbers?A)BasophilsB)LymphocytesC)NeutrophilsD)Platelets4.The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the initial stepin the process?A)EngulfmentB)Intracellular killingC)Antigen marginationD)Recognition and adherence5.Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capillarypermeability and pain?A)SerotoninB)HistamineC)BradykininD)Nitric oxidelOMoARcPSD|13778330

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6.Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of thefollowing exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?A)SerousB)FibrinousC)SuppurativeD)Membranous7.The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset ofinflammation and includes:A)fever and lethargy.B)decreased C-reactive protein.C)positive nitrogen balance.D)low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.8.In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized bywhich of the following phenomena?A)Profuse fibrinous exudationB)A shift to the left of granulocytesC)Metabolic and respiratory alkalosisD)Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages9.Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the bloodlead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:A)stabilize thermal control in the brain.B)produce leukocytosis and anorexia.C)block viral replication in cells.D)inhibit prostaglandin release.10.An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted toboost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation in theregion surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will occur duringthe vascular stage of the patients inflammation?A)Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaceslOMoARcPSD|13778330

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B)ChemotaxisC)Accumulation of leukocytes along the epitheliumD)Phagocytosis of cellular debris11.Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk ofexperiencing chronic inflammation?A)A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetesB)A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organismC)A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infectionD)A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle12.Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?A)35.9C (96.6F)B)38.0C (100.4F)C)35.5C (95.9F)D)37.3C (99.1F)13.A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic recovery unitstates that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is likely to beinitiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to reduce heat loss?A)Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shuntsB)Reduced exhalation of warmed airC)Contraction of pilomotor musclesD)Decreased urine production14.An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of a draft inher room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket while she sits in herwheelchair. Which of the following mechanisms of heat loss is most likely theprimary cause of her request?A)Evaporation and conductionB)Radiation and convectionC)Conduction and convectionD)Convection and evaporationlOMoARcPSD|13778330

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15.Which of the following pathophysiologic processes are capable of inducing theproduction of pyrogens? Select all that apply.A)Acute inflammationB)ObesityC)Myocardial infarctionD)MalignancyE)Renal failure16.Which of the following patients is most likely to be susceptible to developing aneurogenic fever?A)A patient who has stage II Alzheimer diseaseB)A patient who has sustained a head injury in a bicycle crashC)A patient who has become delirious after the administration of abenzodiazepineD)A patient who has begun taking a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor(SSRI) for the treatment of depression17.Patients are commonly administered antipyretics when their oral temperatureexceeds 37.5C (99.5F). Which of the following statements related to therationale for this action is most accurate?A)Temperatures in excess of 37.5C (99.5F) can result in seizure activity.B)Lower temperatures inhibit the protein synthesis of bacteria.C)There is little empirical evidence for this treatment modality.D)Most common antipyretics have been shown to have little effect on coretemperature.18.A patient has sought care because of recent malaise and high fever. Uponassessment, the patient states that his current fever began two days earlier,although he states that for the last 2 weeks he is in a cycle of high fever for acouple of days followed by a day or two of normal temperature. Which of thefollowing fever patterns is this patient experiencing?A)Recurrent feverB)Remittent feverlOMoARcPSD|13778330

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C)Sustained feverD)Intermittent fever19.A febrile, 3-week-old infant has been brought to the emergency department byhis parents and is currently undergoing a diagnostic workup to determine thecause of his fever. Which of the following statements best conveys the rationalefor this careful examination?A)The immature hypothalamus is unable to perform normalthermoregulation.B)Infants are susceptible to serious infections because of their decreasedimmune function.C)Commonly used antipyretics often have no effect on the core temperatureof infants.D)Fever in neonates is often evidence of a congenital disorder rather than aninfection.20.An 84-year-old patients blood cultures have come back positive, despite thefact that his oral temperature has remained within normal range. Which of thefollowing phenomena underlies the alterations in fever response that occur inthe elderly?A)Disturbance in the functioning of the thermoregulatory centerB)Increased heat loss by evaporationC)The presence of comorbidities that are associated with lowered coretemperatureD)Persistent closure of arteriovenous shuntsAnswer Key1.C2.B3.C4.D5.ClOMoARcPSD|13778330

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6.D7.A8.D9.B10.A11.D12.D13.C14.B15.A, C, D16.B17.C18.D19.B20.AChapter 4 Altered Immunity1.The mediators involved in type I hypersensitivity allergic responses arereleased from:A)mast cells.B)plasma cells.C)monocytes.D)arachidonic acid.2.A genetically determined hypersensitivity to common environmental allergenscauses ___________ reactions, such as:A)atopic; urticaria.B)autoimmune; diarrhea.C)IgM-mediated; infections.lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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D)delayed; poison ivy rash:3.Mismatched blood transfusion reaction with hemolysis of blood cells is anexample of type II, _____ mediated hypersensitivity reaction.A)T-cellB)antibodyC)leukotrieneD)complement4.Type III hypersensitivity immune responses can be harmful when immunecomplex deposits in tissue activate ___________ that can directly damage areatissues.A)inflammationB)autoantibodiesC)cytotoxic cellsD)immunoglobulins5.The mechanism by which humans recognize self-cells from non-self (antigens)-cells is _________.A)autoimmunityB)self-toleranceC)non-self anergyD)immunocompatibility6.Organ rejection is a complication of organ transplantation caused by recipientimmune cells:A)destroying the host T cells.B)attack on the donor cells.C)combining with grafts HLA.D)being recognized as foreign.7.The leading cause of death for people with HIV is opportunistic ____________.A)leukemialOMoARcPSD|13778330

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B)tuberculosisC)pneumoniaD)toxoplasmosis8.Wasting syndrome, an AIDS-defining illness, is characterized by involuntaryweight loss of at least 10% of baseline body weight in the presence of:A)diarrhea.B)hypermetabolism.C)weakness and fever.D)glucose intolerance.9.The window period of HIV infection refers to the period of time betweeninfection and:A)transmission.B)seroconversion.C)initial symptoms.D)antibody screening.10.HIV-positive persons that display manifestations of laboratory category 3 orclinical category C are considered to have:A)zero viral load.B)seroconversion.C)complete remission.D)AIDS-defining illnesses.11.Contact with poison ivy has resulted in intense pruritus, erythema, and weepingon a patients forearm. Which of the following processes resulted in the patientssigns and symptoms?A)IgE-mediated mast cell degranulationB)Formation of antigen-antibody complexesC)Cytokine release by sensitized T cellsD)Formation of antibodies against cell surface antigenslOMoARcPSD|13778330

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12.A patient with a long history of hay fever has recently begun a series ofimmunotherapy (allergy shots). How will this treatment potentially achieve atherapeutic effect?A)By blocking cytokine release from sensitized mast cellsB)By preventing mast cells from becoming sensitizedC)By causing T cells to be sequestered in the thymus for longer periodsD)By stimulating production of IgG to combine with antigens13.A patient with a diagnosis of cirrhosis has experienced an acute rejection of adonor liver. Which of the following cells is central to the rejection of thepatients transplanted organ?A)Natural killer cellsB)Mast cellsC)T cellsD)Neutrophils14.A patient with a diagnosis of aplastic anemia has undergone allogenic bonemarrow transplantation. Which of the following signs and symptoms wouldmost clearly suggest the existence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?A)Shortness of breath, audible crackles, and decreasing PaO2B)Presence of a pruritic rash that has begun to slough offC)Development of metabolic acidosisD)Diaphoresis, fever, and anxiety15.A patient has developed pericarditis after developing acute glomerulonephritis,a development that may be attributable to the presence of similar epitopes ongroup A, b-hemolytic streptococci and the antigens in the patients heart tissue.Which of the following has most likely accounted for this patients autoimmuneresponse?A)Breakdown of T-cell anergyB)Release of sequestered antigensC)SuperantigensD)Molecular mimicrylOMoARcPSD|13778330

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16.A 70-year-old female patient has had her mobility and independencesignificantly reduced by rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following processeslikely contributed to the development of her health problem?A)Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactionB)Proliferation of cytotoxic T cellsC)Failure of normal self-toleranceD)Deletion of autoreactive B cells17.Which of the following would constitute a normal assessment finding in aneonate?A)Minimal or absent levels of IgA and IgMB)Absence of plasma cells in the lymph nodes and spleenC)Undetectable levels of all immunoglobulinsD)Absence of mature B cells with normal T-cell levels and function18.A patient was diagnosed as HIV positive several years ago. Which of thefollowing blood tests is most clinically useful for determining the stage andseverity of her disease?A)Plasma levelsB)CD4+cell countsC)Viral loadD)White blood cell count with differential19.A patient has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of HIV infection,which has recently progressed to overt AIDS. Which of the following nursingactions should the nurse prioritize when providing care for this patient?A)Frequent neurologic vital signs and thorough skin careB)Hemodynamic monitoring and physical therapyC)Careful monitoring of fluid balance and neurologic statusD)Astute infection control and respiratory assessments20.Shortly after being diagnosed with HIV, a patient has begun highly activeantiretroviral therapy (HAART). What is the primary goal of the patients drugregimen?lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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A)To limit the latent period of HIVB)To slow the progression of the diseaseC)To minimize opportunities for transmissionD)To prevent seroconversionAnswer Key1.A2.A3.B4.A5.B6.B7.B8.A9.B10.D11.C12.D13.C14.B15.D16.C17.A18.B19.D20.BlOMoARcPSD|13778330

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Chapter 5 Infection1.Although growth rate is variable among types of bacteria, the growth ofbacteria is dependent on:A)biofilm communication.B)availability of nutrients.C)an intact protein capsid.D)individual cell motility.2.Treponema pallidum, the cause of syphilis, is a spirochete bacterium that isspread from human to human by:A)tick or lice vector bites.B)direct physical contact.C)exposure to infected urine.D)inhaling airborne particles.3.Chlamydiaceae, a rather common sexually transmitted infectious organism, hascharacteristics of both viruses and bacteria. The infectious form of thisorganisms life cycle is _______ until it enters the host cell.A)an elementary bodyB)adhered to cholesterolC)propelled by filamentsD)encapsulated hyphae4.Because dermatophytes are capable of growing _________, the infection ismainly found on cutaneous surfaces of the body.A)a powdery colonyB)in moist skin foldsC)on cooler tissueD)branching filaments5.Although both eukaryotes and prokaryotes are capable of causing infectiousdiseases in humans, eukaryotes are unique because they have a distinct:lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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A)organized nucleus.B)circular plasmid DNA.C)cytoplasmic membrane.D)variation of shape and size.6.Whatever the mechanism of entry, the human-to-human transmission ofinfectious agents is directly related to the:A)source of contact.B)site of infection.C)number of pathogens absorbed.D)virulence factors.7.The course of any infectious disease progresses through several distinct stagesafter the pathogen enters the host. Although the duration may vary, thehallmark of the prodromal stage is:A)tissue inflammation and damage.B)initial appearance of symptoms.C)progressive pathogen elimination.D)containment of infectious pathogens.8.Although bacterial toxins vary in their activity and effects on host cells, a smallamount of gram-negative bacteria endotoxin:A)is released during cell growth.B)inactivates key cellular functions.C)uses protein to activate enzymes.D)in the cell wall activates inflammation.9.Serology testing includes the measurement of which of the following?A)Antibody titersB)Culture growthC)Direct antigensD)DNA sequencinglOMoARcPSD|13778330

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10.Prions cause transmissible neurodegenerative diseases and are characterized by:A)a lack of reproductive capacity.B)hypermetabolism.C)enzyme production.D)chronic inflammation.11.Which of the following individuals is experiencing a health problem that is theresult of a parasite?A)A college student who contractedChlamydia trachomatisduring anunprotected sexual encounterB)A man who acquired malaria while on a tropical vacationC)A hospital patient who has developed postoperative pneumoniaD)A woman who developed hepatitis A from eating at an unhygienicrestaurant12.Which of the following traits is characteristic of saprophytes?A)They derive energy from decaying organic matter.B)They are beneficial components of human microflora.C)They have RNA or DNA, but never both.D)They are capable of spore production.13.A hospital patient was swabbed on admission for antibiotic-resistant organismsand has just been informed that methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is present in his groin. The patient has a normal core temperature andwhite blood cell count. This patient is experiencing which of the following?A)InfectionB)ProliferationC)ColonizationD)Inflammation14.A 33-year-old patient who is a long-term intravenous user of heroin has beenrecently diagnosed with hepatitis C. Which of the following portals of entrymost likely led to the patients infection?lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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A)Direct contactB)Vertical transmissionC)IngestionD)Penetration15.A 9-month-old infant has been diagnosed with botulism after he was fed honey.The childs mother was prompted to seek care because of this childs suddenonset of neuromuscular deficits, which were later attributed to the release ofsubstances byClostridium botulinumbacteria. Which virulence factorcontributed to this childs illness?A)EndotoxinsB)Adhesion factorsC)ExotoxinsD)Evasive factors16.A patient with a long-standing diagnosis of Crohn disease has developed aperianal abscess. Which of the following treatments will this patient most likelyrequire?A)Antiviral therapyB)Antibiotic therapyC)Surgical drainingD)Pressure dressing17.A patients primary care provider has ordered direct antigen detection in the careof a patient with a serious symptomatology of unknown origin. Which of thefollowing processes will be conducted?A)Detecting DNA sequences that are unique to the suspected pathogenB)Growth of biofilms on various media in the laboratory settingC)Quantification of IgG and IgM antibodies in the patients bloodD)Introduction of monoclonal antibodies to a blood sample from the patient18.A patient has begun taking acyclovir, an antiviral medication, to control herpessimplex outbreaks. What is this drugs mechanism of action?A)Inhibition of viral adhesion to cellslOMoARcPSD|13778330

Test Bank for Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach to the Mechanisms of Disease, 3rd Edition (Chapters 1-18) - Page 28 preview image

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B)Elimination of exotoxin productionC)Antagonism of somatic cell binding sitesD)Interference with viral replication processes19.International travel has contributed to increased prevalence and incidence ofnonindigenous diseases by increasing which of the following?A)Portals of entryB)Sources of infectionC)VirulenceD)Disease course20.A public health nurse should recognize that sexually transmitted infections(STIs) are typically spread by which of the following mechanisms?A)PenetrationB)Vertical transmissionC)Direct contactD)IngestionAnswer Key1.B2.B3.A4.C5.A6.C7.B8.D9.A10.AlOMoARcPSD|13778330

Test Bank for Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach to the Mechanisms of Disease, 3rd Edition (Chapters 1-18) - Page 29 preview image

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11.B12.A13.C14.D15.C16.C17.D18.D19.B20.CChapter 6 Genetic and Developmental Disorders1.Genetic disorders that involve a single gene trait are characterized by:A)multifactorial gene mutations.B)chromosome rearrangements.C)Mendelian patterns of transmission.D)abnormal numbers of chromosomes.2.In addition to having a 50% chance of inheriting an autosomal dominantdisorder from an affected parent, such a disorder is characterized by:A)aneuploidy of genes in all cells.B)deficiencies in enzyme synthesis.C)affected X transmission to daughters.D)varied gene penetration and expression.3.Autosomal recessive disorders are characterized by:A)age of onset later in life.B)abnormal protein structure.C)inborn errors of metabolism.lOMoARcPSD|13778330

Test Bank for Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach to the Mechanisms of Disease, 3rd Edition (Chapters 1-18) - Page 30 preview image

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D)one in two risk of a carrier child.4.When a male child inherits an X-linked disorder from his heterozygous carriermother,A)his sons will be carriers.B)his father has the disorder.C)some of his sisters will be carriers.D)his daughters will have the disorder.5.Multifactorial inheritance disorders, such as cleft palate, are often causedby____________ during fetal development.A)multiple gene mutationsB)dominant gene expressionC)X-linked crossover problemD)polyploidy of chromosomes6.The newborn has the distinctive physical features of trisomy 21, Downsyndrome, which includes:A)upward slanting of eyes.B)large, protruding ears.C)thin lips and small tongue.D)long fingers with extra creases.7.Aneuploidy of the X chromosome can result in a monosomy or polysomydisorder. The manifestations of monosomy X, Turner syndrome, differ frompolysomy X disorders in numerous ways that include:A)short-stature female individual..B)mental retardation.C)enlarged breasts.D)early onset puberty.8.A teratogenic environmental agent can cause birth defects when:A)inherited as a recessive trait.lOMoARcPSD|13778330

Test Bank for Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach to the Mechanisms of Disease, 3rd Edition (Chapters 1-18) - Page 31 preview image

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B)intense exposure occurs at birth.C)disjunction occurs during meiosis.D)retained during early pregnancy.9.Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is unlike other teratogens in that the harmfuleffects on the fetus:A)directly result in liver damage.B)extend throughout the pregnancy.C)is most noticeable in adulthood.D)cause death in early childhood.10.Prenatal diagnosis methods include the use of ultrasonography for identifying________ abnormalities.A)cytogenicB)skeletalC)chromosomalD)a-fetoprotein11.A woman who is a carrier for which of the following diseases possesses thegreatest likelihood of passing the disease to her future children whenheterozygous pairing exists?A)Phenylketonuria (PKU)B)Tay-Sachs diseaseC)NeurofibromatosisD)Cystic fibrosis12.Which of the following statements is true of autosomal recessive disorders?A)Onset is typically late in childhood or early in adulthood.B)Symptomatology is less uniform than with autosomal dominant disorders.C)Mitochondrial DNA is normally the site of genetic alteration.D)Effects are typically the result of alterations in enzyme function.lOMoARcPSD|13778330

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