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NUR651 Pharmacology Final Exam With Answers (158 Solved Questions)

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    NUR 651 Final Exam Latest Update With Complete Solution Therapeutic drug classification is most useful to who? - ANSWER practitioner What is mechanism of action? - ANSWER what the drug does to the body What is adverse drug reactions? - ANSWER Causes the patient to stop taking the drug What is covalent bonding? - ANSWER least common type of chemical binding between drugs and their receptors What is Half-Life? - ANSWER time required for plasma concentration of a drug to be reduced by 50% What is Efficacy? - ANSWER better tendency to bind receptors What is Bioavilability? - ANSWER fraction of unchanged drug that reaches systemic circulation following administration by any route What is Absorption? - ANSWER transfer of drug from its site of administration to the blood What is Competitive Antagonism? - ANSWER can be overcome by adding more agonist Children's Dosing is most often calculated as? - ANSWER mg/kg Drug extrahepatic metabolism may be impaired by? - ANSWER grapefruit juice

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    Herbal supplements taken with anticoagulants increases? - ANSWER bleeding risk The need for dosage adjustment for drugs renally cleared occurs once the patient's creatinine clearance is? - ANSWER 50 mL/hr What is the basis for accurate dosing of antineoplastic drugs? - ANSWER body surface area What is the effect of smoking on liver metabolism? - ANSWER increase liver metabolism The Joint Commission's "Do Not Use" list of medical abbreviations does not apply to? - ANSWER preprogrammed health information technology systems The FDA's Med Watch Program applies to? - ANSWER ADRs from clinical practices GI surface area is greater in children or adults? - ANSWER Children when compared to adults Preferred dosage form for pediatric patients? - ANSWER liquids What medication is used for constipation? - ANSWER Docusate (colace) What medication is indicated for nausea? - ANSWER Promethazine (Phenergan) What is the mechanism of action of Esomeprazole (nexium)? - ANSWER proton pump inhibitor What is indicated for GERD? - ANSWER Omeprazole (prilosec) What medication can cause GERD? - ANSWER Aspirin

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    Ondansetron (Zofran) is? - ANSWER a serotonin antagonist How do bulk laxatives act on constipation? - ANSWER absorbing water and expanding creating peristalsis with increased pressure What is Linaclotide (Linzess) indicated to treat? - ANSWER constipation Promethazine (Phenergan) should be used with caution in patients who have what disease? - ANSWER Parkinson's disease What does Ketoconzole require in the body in order to be properly absorbed? - ANSWER low pH in the stomach What is Zolpidem (Ambien) indicated for? - ANSWER Insomnia What is the function of carbidopa? - ANSWER Inhibit metabolism of levodopa OUTSIDE of the CNS What is Ropinirole (requip) indicated for? - ANSWER Parkinson's disease What is the mechanism of action of Ropinirole (Reuip? - ANSWER bind to dopamine receptors What class is Gabapentin (Neurontin) - ANSWER calcium channel blocker What is Escitalopram (lexapro) indicated for? - ANSWER depression What does DUloxetine (Cymbalta) do? - ANSWER Reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine What effects do tricyclic antidepressants have? - ANSWER cardiotoxic effects What is Baclofen indicated for? - ANSWER spasticity What is the mechanism of action of Valproic acid (Depakote)? - ANSWER sodium channel inhibitor

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    Beta blockers act on the kidneys to decrease what? - ANSWER renin release Ace inhibitors producea more profound decrease in blood pressures than angiotensin receptor antagonist because? - ANSWER they decrease concentration of angiotensin II What is an adverse reaction of ACE inhibitors? - ANSWER cough The heart pumps more efficiently when the patient is on digoxin because the drug does what? - ANSWER Increases force of contraction and decreases the rate of contraction What class of antibiotics are used with caution in patients that take statins? - ANSWER Erythromycins Ezetimibe (Zetia) mechanism does what? - ANSWER cholesterol absorption inhibitor How does Gemfibrozil (Lopid) controls the synthesis of lipoprotein metabolzing enzymes? - ANSWER Binds to a DNA transcription regulator What medication is used in CHF? - ANSWER Spironolactone Nitrate acts on the heart to do what? - ANSWER decrease workload by reducing preload What calcium channel blocker can be used with a beta blocker? - ANSWER Amlodipine (Norvasc) Why do calcium channel blockers have different tissue selectivity? - ANSWER They bind to calcium channels in different tissues What is recommended therapy for intermittent asthma? - ANSWER short acting beta agonist

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    What is the mechanism of action of albuterol (Proventil)? - ANSWER stimulation of beta two receptors in the lungs What is the mechanism of action of Tiotropium (Spiriva)? - ANSWER Acetylcholine receptor antagonist How does the beta agonist in fluticasone propionate and salmetrol (Advair) enhance steroid action? - ANSWER Promotes translocation of glucocorticoid receptor into the nucleus with no ligand present How does the steroid in fluticasone propionate and Salmeterol (Advair) enhance beta agonist action? - ANSWER The beta receptor has GRE sites offsetting one of the mechanisms of desensitization What is the worst adverse affect of long-term use of salmeterol? - ANSWER loss of broncoprotection Which inhaler is the most important inhaler for your patient to bring to an appointment? - ANSWER Albuterol (Proventil) What is the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER To decrease production of pro-inflammatory mediators What is the mechanism of action of Roflumilast (Daliresp)? - ANSWER inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 What is an adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER oropharyngeal candidiasis (yeast or thrush) What is the mechanism of action of Omalizumab (Xolair)? - ANSWER inhibits IgE receptor binding What is Omalizumab (Xolair) indicated for? - ANSWER moderate to severe

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