NUR651 Pharmacology Final Exam With Answers (158 Solved Questions)

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NUR 651 Final Exam Latest UpdateWith Complete SolutionTherapeutic drug classification is most useful to who? - ANSWER practitionerWhat is mechanism of action? - ANSWER what the drug does to the bodyWhat is adverse drug reactions? - ANSWER Causes the patient to stop takingthe drugWhat is covalent bonding? - ANSWER least common type of chemical bindingbetween drugs and their receptorsWhat is Half-Life? - ANSWER time required for plasma concentration of adrug to be reduced by 50%What is Efficacy? - ANSWER better tendency to bind receptorsWhat is Bioavilability? - ANSWER fraction of unchanged drug that reachessystemic circulation following administration by any routeWhat is Absorption? - ANSWER transfer of drug from its site ofadministration to the bloodWhat is Competitive Antagonism? - ANSWER can be overcome by addingmore agonistChildren's Dosing is most often calculated as? - ANSWER mg/kgDrug extrahepatic metabolism may be impaired by? - ANSWER grapefruitjuice

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Herbal supplements taken with anticoagulants increases? - ANSWER bleedingriskThe need for dosage adjustment for drugs renally cleared occurs once thepatient's creatinine clearance is? - ANSWER 50 mL/hrWhat is the basis for accurate dosing of antineoplastic drugs? - ANSWERbody surface areaWhat is the effect of smoking on liver metabolism? - ANSWER increase livermetabolismThe Joint Commission's "Do Not Use" list of medical abbreviations does notapply to? - ANSWER preprogrammed health information technology systemsThe FDA's Med Watch Program applies to? - ANSWER ADRs from clinicalpracticesGI surface area is greater in children or adults? - ANSWER Children whencompared to adultsPreferred dosage form for pediatric patients? - ANSWER liquidsWhat medication is used for constipation? - ANSWER Docusate (colace)What medication is indicated for nausea? - ANSWER Promethazine(Phenergan)What is the mechanism of action of Esomeprazole (nexium)? - ANSWERproton pump inhibitorWhat is indicated for GERD? - ANSWER Omeprazole (prilosec)What medication can cause GERD? - ANSWER Aspirin

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Ondansetron (Zofran) is? - ANSWER a serotonin antagonistHow do bulk laxatives act on constipation? - ANSWER absorbing water andexpanding creating peristalsis with increased pressureWhat is Linaclotide (Linzess) indicated to treat? - ANSWER constipationPromethazine (Phenergan) should be used with caution in patients who havewhat disease? - ANSWER Parkinson's diseaseWhat does Ketoconzole require in the body in order to be properly absorbed?- ANSWER low pH in the stomachWhat is Zolpidem (Ambien) indicated for? - ANSWER InsomniaWhat is the function of carbidopa? - ANSWER Inhibit metabolism oflevodopa OUTSIDE of the CNSWhat is Ropinirole (requip) indicated for? - ANSWER Parkinson's diseaseWhat is the mechanism of action of Ropinirole (Reuip? - ANSWER bind todopamine receptorsWhat class is Gabapentin (Neurontin) - ANSWER calcium channel blockerWhat is Escitalopram (lexapro) indicated for? - ANSWER depressionWhat does DUloxetine (Cymbalta) do? - ANSWER Reuptake inhibitor ofserotonin and norepinephrineWhat effects do tricyclic antidepressants have? - ANSWER cardiotoxic effectsWhat is Baclofen indicated for? - ANSWER spasticityWhat is the mechanism of action of Valproic acid (Depakote)? - ANSWERsodium channel inhibitor

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Beta blockers act on the kidneys to decrease what? - ANSWER renin releaseAce inhibitors producea more profound decrease in blood pressures thanangiotensin receptor antagonist because? - ANSWER they decreaseconcentration of angiotensin IIWhat is an adverse reaction of ACE inhibitors? - ANSWER coughThe heart pumps more efficiently when the patient is on digoxin because thedrug does what? - ANSWER Increases force of contraction and decreases therate of contractionWhat class of antibiotics are used with caution in patients that take statins? -ANSWER ErythromycinsEzetimibe (Zetia) mechanism does what? - ANSWER cholesterol absorptioninhibitorHow does Gemfibrozil (Lopid) controls the synthesis of lipoproteinmetabolzing enzymes? - ANSWER Binds to a DNA transcription regulatorWhat medication is used in CHF? - ANSWER SpironolactoneNitrate acts on the heart to do what? - ANSWER decrease workload byreducing preloadWhat calcium channel blocker can be used with a beta blocker? - ANSWERAmlodipine (Norvasc)Why do calcium channel blockers have different tissue selectivity? - ANSWERThey bind to calcium channels in different tissuesWhat is recommended therapy for intermittent asthma? - ANSWER shortacting beta agonist

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What is the mechanism of action of albuterol (Proventil)? - ANSWERstimulation of beta two receptors in the lungsWhat is the mechanism of action of Tiotropium (Spiriva)? - ANSWERAcetylcholine receptor antagonistHow does the beta agonist in fluticasone propionate and salmetrol (Advair)enhance steroid action? - ANSWER Promotes translocation of glucocorticoidreceptor into the nucleus with no ligand presentHow does the steroid in fluticasone propionate and Salmeterol (Advair)enhance beta agonist action? - ANSWER The beta receptor has GRE sitesoffsetting one of the mechanisms of desensitizationWhat is the worst adverse affect of long-term use of salmeterol? - ANSWERloss of broncoprotectionWhich inhaler is the most important inhaler for your patient to bring to anappointment? - ANSWER Albuterol (Proventil)What is the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWER Todecrease production of pro-inflammatory mediatorsWhat is the mechanism of action of Roflumilast (Daliresp)? - ANSWERinhibits phosphodiesterase 4What is an adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroids? - ANSWERoropharyngeal candidiasis (yeast or thrush)What is the mechanism of action of Omalizumab (Xolair)? - ANSWER inhibitsIgE receptor bindingWhat is Omalizumab (Xolair) indicated for? - ANSWER moderate to severe

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