SAT Power Vocab : A Complete Guide to Vocabulary Skills and Strategies for the SAT (2024)

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ThePrincetonReviewPublishingTeamRobFranek,Editor-in-ChiefDavidSoto,SeniorDirector,DataOperationsStephenKoch,SeniorManager,DataOperationsDeborahWeber,DirectorofProductionJasonUllmeyer,ProductionDesignManagerJenniferChapman,SeniorProductionArtistSelenaCoppock,DirectorofEditorialOrionMcBean,SeniorEditorAaronRiccio,SeniorEditorMeaveShelton,SeniorEditorChrisChimera,EditorPatriciaMurphy,EditorLauraRose,EditorIsabelleAppleton,EditorialAssistantPenguinRandomHousePublishingTeamTomRussell,VP,PublisherAlisonStoltzfus,SeniorDirector,PublishingBrettWright,SeniorEditorEmilyHoffman,AssistantManagingEditorEllenReed,ProductionManagerSuzanneLee,DesignerEugeniaLo,PublishingAssistantThePrincetonReview110East42ndSt,7thFloorNewYork,NY10017Copyright©2023byTPREducationIPHoldings,LLC.Allrightsreserved.PublishedintheUnitedStatesbyPenguinRandomHouseLLC,NewYork.TermsofService:ThePrincetonReviewOnlineCompanionTools(“StudentTools”)forretailbooksareavailableforonlythetwomostrecenteditionsofthatbook.StudentToolsmaybeactivatedonlyoncepereligiblebookpurchasedforatotalof24monthsofaccess.ActivationofStudentToolsmorethanonceperbookisindirectviolationoftheseTermsofServiceandmayresultindiscontinuationofaccesstoStudentToolsServices.ISBN9780593516706

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EbookISBN9780593516713ThePrincetonReviewisnotaffiliatedwithPrincetonUniversity.Editor:PatriciaMurphyProductionEditors:HeidiTorresandLyssaMandelProductionArtist:DeborahA.Weber©2023PenguinRandomHouseLLCCoverartbyThomasBethge/AlamyStockPhotoCoverdesignbySuzanneLeeForcustomerservice,pleasecontacteditorialsupport@review.com,andbesuretoinclude:ofulltitleofthebookeISBNepagenumbera_prh_6.3_146139109_c0_r0StudyXY

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AcknowledgmentsThePrincetonReviewwouldliketothankSaraKupersteinandKennethBrennerfortheirfantasticworkonthisedition.Thanksalsotoeveryonewhocontributedtothecreationofthisbook:AmyMinster,DebbieWeber,LyssaMandel,andHeidiTorres.SpecialthankstoAdamRobinson,whoconceivedofandperfectedtheJoeBloggsapproachtostandardizedtestsandmanyoftheothersuccessfultechniquesusedbyThePrincetonReview.

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ContentsGetMore(Free)ContentIntroductionPartI:Etymology1BasicWordRoots2LatinRootsandFeelingWords3GreekRoots4MoreLatinRootsPartll:MnemonicDevices5Mnemonics6CreateYourOwnMnemonics7WordAssociationsPartlll:Practice,Practice,Practice8NewWords9CumulativeDrillsPartIV:MathVocabulary10MathTermsfortheSATPartV:ConclusionBuildingYourVocabulary:StrategiesandStudyTipsOnlineGlossary

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_146139109_

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OnlineGlossaryClickheretogototheonlinesupplementforthisbook.*OnlineGlossary

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1GotoPrincetonReview.com/prepandenterthefollowingISBNforyourbook:97805935167132AnswerafewsimplequestionstosetupanexclusivePrincetonReviewaccount.(Ifyoualreadyhaveone,youcanjustlogin.)

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ContactTPRStudentTech@review.comandprovide:eyourfullname+emailaddressusedtoregisterthebook«fullbooktitleandISBNeOperatingsystem(Mac/PC)andbrowser(Chrome,Firefox,Safari,etc.)Onceyou'veregistered,youcan...«Accessfourmorefull-lengthpracticetests«Findanylate-breakinginformationreleasedabouttheACT+Readourspecial“CollegeAdmissionsInsider”andgetvaluableadviceaboutthecollegeapplicationprocess,includingtipsforwritingagreatessayandwheretoapplyforfinancialaid+Checktoseeiftherehavebeenanycorrectionsorupdatestothisedition«Sortcollegesbywhateveryou'relookingfor(suchasBestTheaterorDorm),learnmoreaboutyourtopchoices,andseehowtheyallrankaccordingtoTheBest389Colleges*CheckoutbonusfeaturesinyourStudentTools,includingcomprehensivestudyguidesandshortvideostohelpenhanceyourtestprep

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Introduction

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WhyYouNeedThisBookIfyou'rereadingthisbook,chancesareyouarepreparingtotakeamajorstandardizedtestsuchastheSAT.OrperhapsyouhavealreadytakentheSATandwillbetakingitagaininhopesofachievingahigherscore.YoumayhaveheardthattheSATnolongertestsvocabulary,butthisisnotentirelyaccurate.ItistruethattheSATdoesnottestasmuchvocabularyasitoncedid,buthereatThePrincetonReview,weknowthatstudentswithastrongvocabularytendtogetbetterscores.Why?TheCollegeBoard'sSATunderwentamajorchangeinMarch2016.Priorto2016,thereweremanyquestions(calledSentenceCompletions)thatexplicitlytesteddifficultvocabularywords.Andifyougobackfurtherintimetowhenyourparentstookthetest,forexample,therewereevenmorevocabulary-basedquestions,suchaswordanalogies.InMarch2016,SentenceCompletionswereremovedfromtheSAT,andtheentireVerbalportionoftheexamwassaidtotestonlyreadingandgrammarskills.ThedirtylittlesecretabouttheSAT,however,isthatyoustillneedastrongknowledgeofvocabularyinordertoscorewell.DifficultwordsstillappearinmanyReadingpassages,questions,andanswerchoices,andifyoudon’tknowthesewords,youwillprobablystruggle.TheSATcontainsatleast10-15wordsthattheaveragestudentmaynotknow—whichcouldbethedifferencebetweenansweringthesequestionscorrectlyandgettingstuck.AtThePrincetonReview,weknowtheSATlikethebacksofourhands.WeknowwhichwordsyouarelikelytoseeontheSATandwhichwordsyouwillnot.Moreimportantly,weknowsomeeffective

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strategiesforlearningunfamiliarvocabularythatdonotrequirelonghoursspentmemorizingendlesslistsofdifficultwords.TheSATGoesDigitalAsof2023forinternationaltest-takersand2024forU.S.test-takers,studentswillbetakingtheDigitalSAT.Whiletherearesignificantchangesintheformatanddeliveryofthetest,mostoftheReadingtopicsarethesameastheyhavebeenformanyyears.However,theDigitalSATactuallyhasagreateremphasisonvocabulary.BasedonwhatCollegeBoardhasreleasedabouttheDigitalSATasofthiswriting,weexpectthatyouwillseeagoodnumberofquestionsthattestyourvocabularyknowledge.Therefore,thisbookwillbeevenmorehelpfulifyouarepreparingfortheDigitalSAT.AStrongVocabularyIs“GoodforYourBrain”Youmaybethinking,“Thereismoretolifethanascoreonastandardizedtest.”Ofcourse,weagree.Althoughweeat,sleep,andbreathetestprep,wedooccasionallyventureintothe“realworld.”And,yes,youguessedit:vocabularyisusefulthere,too.TheEnglishlanguageisimpressiveinitsvariety.Unabridgeddictionariescancontainasmanyas600,000words,butifyoucountthemyriadoftechnicalwordsfoundindisciplinessuchasscience,medicine,engineering,andlaw,therearelikelyaboutonemillionEnglishwords.Noneofuscanlearnallofthese—nordoweneedto—butthemorewordsyouknow,themoreyouwillunderstandtheworldaroundyou.Whenanewsanchorsaysthatabillhas“bipartisansupport”inCongress,youwillbeamoreengagedcitizenifyouknowwhatbipartisanmeans.(Itmeansthatbothpoliticalpartiessupportthelegislation.)

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Inadditiontobeingabletounderstandmore,havingalargervocabularywillalsohelpyoutoexpressyourselfmoreconciselyandprecisely.Trythisout:howcouldyoudescribethestoryofCinderellausingasfewwordsaspossible?Apersonwithalimitedvocabularymightsaysomethinglikethis:“Apoorgirlwhosefatherhasdiedgetshelpfromafairygodmothertogotoaballdressedasabeautiful,wealthylady.Shemeetsaprince,andaftersherunsaway,hefindshershoe.Heuseshershoetofindher,andthentheygetmarried.”Ifyouhaveamorerobustvocabulary,however,youcangetyourpointacrossmuchmoreconcisely:“Afterafairygodmothertemporarilytransformsanabusedorphanintoanoblewoman,herdancepartner,aprince,usesherabandonedshoetoreunitewithher.”Howmanytimeshaveyoutriedtoexplainsomething,anditcameoutas“It'slike,youknow,whenthesethings...”?Itcanbequitefrustratingtonotpossessthewordsyouneedtoconveyyourintendedmeaning.Themorewordsyouknow,theeasieryou'llfindittoexpressyourself.Plus,you'llbeabletodosousingfewerwords.Insteadofsaying,“Icanseebothsides,”youcansimplysay,“I'mambivalent.”Insteadofsaying,“I'mnot100%setontheseplans,”youcansay,“Theseplansaretentative.”Andinsteadofsaying,“Myfriendtoldmethis,but|reallydon’tknowifit'strue,”youcansay,“Myfriendtoldmethis,butI'mdubious.”Youmightbethinking,“Sure,|getthepoint,but|reallycan’tseemyselfusingtheseweirdwords.”Well,youmaybesurprisedtofindthatthewordsinthisbookaren'tallthatweird.Infact,wethinkyou'llfindthatwhenyoucomeacrossawordyouthinkyou'veneverseenbeforeandstartstudyingit,you'llstarttoseeiteverywhere,andbeforeyouknowittheonceweirdwordwillbecomepartofyourvocabulary.Nomatterwhatyoustudyincollege,youcanexpecttodoalotofreading.Thebetterareaderyoubecome,andthebetteryourvocabularyis,theeasieritwillbetounderstandallofthatreading.As

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yougetolderandreadmore,you'llrealizethatwordsthatmighthavepreviouslyseemedobscureareactuallycommoninacademicwriting,andit'llbeahugehelpifyoualreadyknowwhattheymean.WhoNeedsThisBook?Somemighttellyouthatthebestandeasiestwaytolearnvocabularyistolearnitnaturallythroughoutyourlifetime:fromyourfriends,parents,teachers,themedia,books,andsoon.Afterall,that'showyoufirstlearnedmanyofthewordsyouuseeveryday.Whilethereisnosubstituteforthenatural,organicwayoflearningvocabularyfromreadingandreal-lifeinteractions,ifyoufeelthatyourvocabularyisweakerthanitshouldbe,youneedafastwaytobringyourselfuptospeed.Readingtheworld’sgreatclassicworksofliteratureandlisteningtohoursofNPRonthecarradiotakesyearsofdedication.Thereisafasterway.ThisbookiswrittenforpeopleatalllevelsofEnglishknowledgeandexpertise.MaybeyouarerelativelynewtotheEnglishlanguage,knowthebasics,andnowwanttolearnmorechallengingwords.Thisbookisforyou.Maybeyouareanativespeakerandwanttoexpanduponwhatyoualreadyknow.Thisbookisforyou.Mostofyouprobablyhaveanaveragevocabulary.Thisbookisforeveryone.Weguaranteethatyouwilllearnalotofnewwords,andthatyouwillseemanyofthesewordswhenyoutaketheSAT.HowtoUseThisBookSATPowerVocabisdesignedtoletyoulearnvocabularyinalogicalmanner,gradually,andwithstrategiesandpracticetoensurethatyouwillremembernewwordsformorethanjustafewminutes.Forthebestresults,werecommendyoureadthechaptersinthisbook

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thoroughlyandinorder,aseachchapterbuildsontheonebeforeit.Thechaptersarefairlyshort,soyoucanreadthemanytime,anywhere:duringstudyhall,onabustrip,orbeforebed.Youcanusethisbookoveralongperiodoftime,oryoucanreaditallintheweekortwobeforeyourexam.Crammingisnottheidealwaytolearnanything,butit'sbetterthannotstudyingatall.TricksoftheTradeThemostcommonquestionwegetfromstudentsisthis:Howdo|learnvocabulary?Well,differentapproachesworkfordifferentpeople,butweatThePrincetonReviewbelieveinamultilayeredapproachthatincorporatesetymology(wordroots),mnemonics,andmore—pluspracticeexercisesandactivitiestohoneyourwordskills.WordRootsInChapters1through4,wewillexplorethefundamentalbuildingblocksofwords.Englishis,infact,cobbledtogetherfromotherlanguages,includingLatinandGreek.ManyEnglishwordscontainrootswithmeaningsderivedfromthoselanguages.Whenyoulearnsomecommonroots,youwillfindthatyoucandecipherthemeaningofawordonsight,evenifyou'veneverseenorhearditbefore.Forexample,let'slookattheGreekrootchron-,whichrelatestotime.Thewordsbelowcontaintherootchron-andallhavetodowithtimeinsomeway.chronological:inorderaccordingtotimesynchronize:toputonthesametimetable

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anachronism:somethingoutofplaceintimeorhistorychronic:continuingoveralongtimechronicle:recordofeventsintimeorderchronometer:devicetomeasuretimeTheAdvantagesofLearningEtymologyLearningwordrootsisakeypartofetymology,whichisthestudyoftheoriginofwordsandhowtheirmeaningshavechangedovertime.Theprincipaladvantagesofusingetymologytorememberadefinitionare:(1)aword'setymologytellsyousomethingaboutthemeaningoftheword,and(2)thesameetymologymaybesharedbylotsofwords,which,inturn,canhelpyourememberthemeaningsofclustersofrelatedwords.Moreover,learningetymologycangetyouinterestedintheoriginofwordsandlanguageingeneral;etymologytellsyouastoryofawordthroughthecenturies.ThePitfallsofLearningEtymologyMostofthetime,etymologyhelpsyoutodecipherthemeaningsofwords.Inrarecases,however,itcanleadyouastray.Theetymologyofawordwillusuallytellyousomethingaboutthemeaning,butitwillrarelygiveyouthefulldefinition.Studentsoftenconfuseaword'setymologywithitsmeaning,whichcanleadtoerrorsontheSAT.Forexample,onacertainSAT,manystudentsgotaquestionwrongbecausetheythoughtthatthewordverdantwasetymologicallyrelatedtowordslikeverify,verdict,verisimilitude,andveritable.Verdantmusthavesomethingtodowiththeconceptoftruthorreality,theyreasoned.

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Thisiscleverthinking,butit'swrong.VerdantcomesfromadifferentfamilyofwordswiththesamerootastheFrenchwordvert,whichmeans“green.”Ifthosesamestudentshadrecognizedthatconnection,theymighthaverealizedthatverdantmeans“greenwithvegetation,”asinaverdantforest.Similarly,alotofwordsthatbeginwithped-havesomethingtodowithfeet:pedestrian,pedal,pedestal,pedometer,impede,expedite.Apediatrician,however,isnotafootdoctor.Apediatricianisadoctorforchildren.Apodiatristisafootdoctor.(Thewordpediatricianis,however,relatedtothewordmeaningastrictteacherofchildren:pedagogue.)Despitethesesortsofexceptions,etymologyisapowerfultooltorememberwordsthatyoualreadyknowandtosuccessfullydeterminethemeaningsofwordsyoudon’tknow.MnemonicsAmnemonic(pronounced“ni-MON-ick”)isadeviceortrickthathelpsyouremembersomethingspecific.Grade-schoolersaresometimestaughttorememberthespellingofarithmeticbyusingthefollowingmnemonic:ARatInTheHouseMightEatTom'sIceCream.Thefirstletterineachwordinthissillysentencestandsforthelettersinarithmetic.Rememberthesentence,andyourememberhowtospelltheword.Mnemonicscanappealtoourears,too.Takethispopularhistorymnemonic:Infourteenhundredninety-two,Columbussailedtheoceanblue.Orthisspellingmnemonic:“i”before“e”exceptafter“c,”andinwordsthatsay“a,”asin“neighbor”and“weigh.”Somevocabularywordsdonothaveobviousroots,ortheirmeaningsarestillfuzzyevenwhenyounoticetheroots.Fortunately,wecanusemnemonicstoremembereventhestrangestmembersoftheEnglish

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language.InChapter5,weprovideabunchofsuggestedmnemonics,butyoumayhavefuncreatingyourownaswellinChapter6.Wordassociationsarealsotypesofmnemonics.Forexample,thewordalleviatemightremindyouofthenameofapopularover-the-counterpainreliever.That'sright:toalleviateistorelievesomething,suchaspain.Associatingawordwithanidea,phrase,orobjectthatisrelatedinmeaningcanhelpyouremembertheactualdefinitionoftheword.Wetakeacloserlookatthisstrategy(andprovidelotsofpractice)inChapter7.PracticeandPuzzlesEvenwithrootsandmnemonicsatyourdisposal,practiceisundoubtedlythekeytolearning—andremembering—challengingwords.Flashcardsandsimilarstudytacticsaredefinitelyuseful(wediscussflashcardslaterinthisbook).Still,practiceisoftenmoreeffective(andinteresting)whenthereisatasktocomplete.Inthisbook,you'llfindexercisesthattestyourknowledgeofwordrelationships,synonyms,androots,aswellashowtodeterminethemeaningofwordsincontext.StartinginChapter6,therearealsoabunchofSAT“quickquizzes,”whichgiveyoufirst-handexperiencewiththekindofvocabulary-in-contextquestionsyouwillseeontheSAT.Forthebestresults,doallofthepracticeexercisesattheendofachapterbeforeyoumoveontothenextone.MathVocabularyThebulkofthisbookisdedicatedtohelpingyousucceedontheverbalportionoftheSAT,especiallythefirsthalfofeachmodule,whereyou'llencounterthemostvocabularywords.However,discussionsaboutvocabularyoftenleaveoutmathterms,whichcanbejustasessentialtoyoursuccessontheSAT.InordertodowellontheMathTest,youneedtoknowwhatthequestionsareaskingyou—

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andthatallbeginswithunderstandingkeymathterms.Chapter10servesasaglossaryofthemostimportantmathvocabularyyoushouldknowfortheexam.Ifyouneedtobrushuponthedefinitionsofintegerorcoefficient,forinstance,thischapterwillguidetheway.Strategies,WordLists,andMoreLastbutnotleast,theConclusionprovidestipsfortakingyourvocabprepbeyondthisbook.Ourstep-by-stepapproachforlearningandrememberingkeyvocabularywillhelpyouontheSAT,intheclassroomorworkplace,andinyourdailylife.Youcanstartwiththewordsinthisbook,whicharecompiledinend-of-chapterwordliststhroughoutthebookaswellasacomprehensiveGlossary.(TheGlossaryalsoprovidesa“CramList”ofthe50mostimportantwordstoknowfortheSAT.)Boththeend-of-chapterwordlistsandtheGlossarycanalsobefoundonlineinyourStudentTools.(SeeGetMore(Free)Contentonthispagetoaccesstheseresources.)Feelfreetoprinttheseoutsothattheycanserveasstudyguidesonthego,orusethemtomakeflashcards.Howyoustudyisuptoyou.TwoFinalWordsofAdvice:BeSuspiciousYoualreadyknowsomeofthewordsinthebook.Youmayknowquiteafewofthem.Naturally,youdon’tneedtodrillyourselfonwordsyoualreadyknowanduse.Butbecareful.Beforeskippingaword,besurethatyoureallydoknowwhatitmeans.Someofthemostembarrassingvocabularymistakesoccurwhenapersonconfidentlymisusesfamiliarwords.

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Nowit'stimetostartlearningsomevocabulary!ButbeforeyoudiveintoChapter1,takealittletimetostudyourpronunciationkeyonthefollowingpage.PronunciationKeyThepronunciationsinthisbookdifferslightlyfromthepronunciationkeysfoundinmostdictionaries.Ourkeyisbasedonconsistentphoneticsounds,soyoudon’thavetomemorizeit.Allconsonantsnotfoundinthistablearepronouncedasyouwouldexpect.Capitalizedlettersareaccented.Letter(s)Letter(s)Word(s)aabat,canaoloenbo|aaerme|eelsemnem|eeea[steam,dem|limonigng[sngrmg|CECI[A0ooroomboom|ooo|lamoume|

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ff,phfilm,phonyCRY=ionde|ssfowwe|alapoogee|

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PARTIEtymology

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CHAPTER1BasicWordRoots

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GetBacktoYourRootsThetraditionalandperhapstediouswaytolearnvocabularyismemorizinghundredsofwords,drillingthemintoyourbrainoverandoveragainuntilyourheadspins.However,thisisnottheapproachwetakeinthisbook.(Remember,studyingvocabularyfortheSATnolongerrequiresrotememorization.)Afarmoreproductivewaytopreparefortheexam,andoneofthestrategieswewillfocusoninthisbook,istolearnthebuildingblocksofmanyEnglishwordsandusethosebuildingblockstofigureoutthemeaningsofwordsthatchallengeyou.NotallEnglishwordscontaincommonwordroots,butmanyofthemostchallengingonesdo,includingmanyfoundontheSAT.Forexample,oneofthelongest,mostnotoriouswordsintheEnglishlanguageisantidisestablishmentarianismThiswordmaylookridiculous,andwepromiseyouwillneverseeitonastandardizedtest.Butit'sagoodexampleofhowrootscanhelpyou.Breaktheworduplikethis:anti+dis+establishment+arian+ismNowtrytofigureoutthemeaning.Anti-anddis-arebothnegativeroots,andtwonegativescancanceleachotheroutandbecomeapositive.Weallknowwhatestablishmentis:anorganized,presetwayofdoingsomething.An-arianisaperson(thinkvegetarian).An-ismisabelief.Sothiswordmustrefertopeoplewhoshareabeliefinkeepingtheestablishedorder,oranideasharedbypeopleopposedtochange.

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Actually,antidisestablishmentarianismisalitlemorespecificthanthat.Itpertainstothemovementtokeepthegovernment's“established”supportofthechurchintactin19th-centuryEngland.Still,asshowninthisexample,knowledgeofwordrootscangetyouveryclosetothismeaning—withouthavingtoopenadictionary!Wepromiseyouwon'tseeanywordsinthisbooknearlyaslongastheoneabove.Butmanywordsinvolvesimilarbuildingblocks,sointhischapterwe'lllookatsomeofthemostcommonones.Someofthemmaybenewtoyou,andsomemaybefamiliar.Let'sgetstarted!Tokeepyouorganized,wewillpresenttheminalphabeticalorder.Englishisacomplexlanguagewithmanydifferentderivations.Somerootscanhavemultiplemeanings.Thegoalofthisbook,though,istoexposeyoutothemostimportantmeanings—theonesthatarerelevanttotheSAT.Otherbooksandwebsitesmayloadyouupwithhundredsofroots,butwe'llsticktotheonesyouneedtoknow.a-without;notPuta-infrontofacommonword,anditusuallyindicatesthatsomethingisnottrue.«Ifyouareapolitical,thenyouarenotapoliticalperson.«Ifyouareamoral,thenyouarenotconcernedwiththemoralityofasituation.Don’tgettoocarriedawaywitha-,though.Thisprefixworksonlyifitisplacedinfrontofanotherroot.(Anappleisnotafruitthatiswithout

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pple,forexample.)an-,ana-againstJustlikea-,theprefixesan-andana-usuallyindicateanegativerelationshipwithintheword.+Anaerobicdigestionmeans“withoutair.”+Ananagramisawordwhoselettershavebeenscrambled,i.e.,againsttheusualorder.anti-against;oppositeThisisyetanothernegativeprefix.Thepossibilitiesareendless:«Ifyouareanti-authority,youareopposedtoauthorityfigures.*Ananticancerdrugfightscancer,whileanantidepressanthelpstocombat(oppose)depression.*Inlate18th-centuryAmerica,anAnti-Federalistwasopposedtoexcessivefederalpower.Yougettheidea.(Pleasenotethatanti-isdifferentfromante-,whichmeans“before.”)auto-selfWhyisitcalledanautomaticdishwasher?Becauseitwashesdishesbyitself(afteryouloadthemachine,ofcourse).+Howdidtheautomobilegetitsname?Ahundredyearsago,itwasremarkabletoseeavehiclethatmovedbyitself(asopposedtoahorse-drawncart).*Yourautographisyourownself'suniquehandwriting.«Anautobiographyisabiographythatyouwriteaboutyourself.co-,con-with;togetherCo-atthebeginningofawordmeans“with”or“together.”«Coauthorscollaborateonabooktogether.«Coworkersworktogether.*Speciescoexistwhentheycanpersisttogether

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contra-against+Whenyoucontradictyourself,yousaysomethingagainstwhatyouhavepreviouslysaid.«Acontraryopinionisonenotinagreementwith(orthatgoesagainst)themajority.«Controversyoccurswhentwoormorepeopledisagree.de-reduce;remove«Whenyoudeductmoneyfromyourbankaccount,youremoveit.«Decelerationistheoppositeofacceleration.Youarereducingyourspeed.«Todethroneakingistoremovehimfromthethrone.*Whenyoudebugyourcomputer,youremovethe“bugs,”i.e.,virusesorglitches.ex-out«Theexteriorofyourhouseistheouterportion.*Toexhaleistobreatheout.*Archaeologistsexcavateasitebydiggingoutthedirtthatsurroundsanartifact.+Theex-Congressmemberleft,orcameout,ofCongress.Theyarenolongerinoffice.im-,in-not;withoutLotsofwordsstartwithim-andin-,andtheyarealmostallnegativeinmeaning.«Impossiblemeans“notpossible.”«Inappropriatemeans“notappropriate.”magna-great;large«Tocallsomethingmagnificentsuggeststhatitisagreatachievement.+Tomagnifyistomakesomethinglarger.«Amagnateisagreatorpowerfulperson,especiallyinbusiness.

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mis-bad;wrong;hateMis-isanothernegativeprefix.+Whenyourlittlebrothermisbehaves,hebehavesbadly.«Ifabookcontainsamisprint,thewordswereprintedinthewrongway.morph-shapeWhenthingsmorph,theychangeshape.Morph-canalsobecombinedwithotherrootstoformnewwords.«Metamorphosisoccurswhenacaterpillarturnsintoabutterfly.Itchangesshape.Q:Gobacktotheprefixa-.Whatdoesamorphousmean?(Turntothispagefortheanswer.)non-not;withoutEnglishisfullofnegativeroots.Non-isyetanotherofthesepessimisticcharacters.*Nonsenseisanideathatdoesnotmakeanysense.+Nonfictionisatypeofwritingthatdoesnotcontainanyfictionalelements;itisreal.«Somethingthatisnondescripthasnorealdescription;itisdifficulttodescribe.omni-all+Omnivorousanimalsarenotsimplycarnivorous(eatingmeat)orherbivorous(eatinganimals);theyeatallfoods.*Omniscienceistheabilityto“knowall.”(Scienceisthepursuitofknowledge.)«Omnipotenceisthequalityofbeingall-powerful.(Potencyispower.)

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