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Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Second Edition Test Bank

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    1 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource Chapter 1: Setting the Stage: A Multidimensional Approach Test Multiple Choice: 1. Understanding human behavior to be the result of interactions of biological, psychological, and social systems is known as the A) multidisciplinary approach B) transactional approach * C) biopsychosocial approach D) life course approach 2. Understanding human behavior as changing configurations of person and environment over time is the A) deductive reasoning approach B) life course approach * C) multidimensional approach D) interpretist perspective 3. _______________ refers to a feature that can be focused on separately but also needs to be understood by considering other features. * A) Dimension B) Life course C) Life events D) Culture 4. Systems that involve direct face - to - face contact among members are known as A) mesosystems B) macrosystems C) exosystems * D) microsystems 5. Interconnections within personal networks are known as * A) mesosystems B) macrosystems C) exosystems D) microsystems

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    2 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource 6. Linkages and interconnections with larger institutions are known as A) mesosystems B) macrosystems * C) exosystems D) microsystems 7. Systems of broader influences like culture, subculture, and social structure are known as A) mesosystems * B) macrosystems C) exosystems D) microsystems 8. Social categorizations of gender, race, and class create ________________, or unearned advantage for some groups and disadvantage other groups. A) prejudice B) institutional racism C) social inequality * D) privilege 9. The building blocks of theory which allow us to communicate about the phenomena of interest are known as A) assumptions * B) concepts C) propositions D) frameworks 10. Social and behavioral science theories are based on ______________ or beliefs held to be true without testing or proof, about the nature of human social life. * A) assumptions B) concepts C) propositions D) frameworks 11. Theories are a form of ___________________ that lay out general, abstract assertions that we can use to generate specific hypotheses to test in unique situations. A) inductive reasoning B) assumptions * C) deductive reasoning D) propositions

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    3 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource 12. Differences among individuals, or individual variations, refers to A) diversity B) inequalities * C) heterogeneity D) genetic factors 13. Patterns of groups differences refers to * A) diversity B) inequality C) heterogeneity D) genetic factors 14. When a social worker considers the personal dimensions of any person in a story, they are thinking about A) the physical environment, the community, culture, and families B) the life course, life events, cycles, and trends * C) the biological, psychological, and spiritual D) the past, present, and future 15. When a social worker considers the environmental dimensions of any person in a story, they are thinking about * A) the physical environment, the community, culture, and families B) the life course, life events, cycles, and trends C) the biological, psychological, and spiritual D) the past, present, and future 16. When a social worker considers the time dimensions of any person in a story, they are thinking about A) the physical environment, the community, culture, and families B) the life course, life events, cycles, and trends C) the biological, psychological, and spiritual * D) the past, present, and future 17. The multidimensional approach is rooted in: A) research B) systems perspective C) commitment to social justice * D) social work history and practice

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    4 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource 18. Which of the following is not considered one of the Personal dimensions * A) family B) biological C) spiritual D) psychological 19. Social work’s failure to incorporate the ____________ dimension has most hampered efforts to advocate for people with physical disabilities. A) cultural B) formal organization C) biological * D) physical 20. “The storm lasted as long as it takes rice to cook” is an example of A) clock time B) acculturation * C) event time D) spiritual time 21. The best definition of communities would be A) Two persons bound together in some way * B) People bound by either geography or by network links C) Collections of people who interact with each other and perceive themselves to act interdependently D) Group of 2 or more persons connected by long term commitments and interdependence 22. Which is not an example of event time? A. Signals from the body dictate when to eat. B. Activities guided by seasonal changes. * C. Agreeing to meet next Tuesday. D. Meeting when the cows go out to graze. 23. Which process includes a careful, purposeful, and systematic observation of events with the intent to note and record them in terms of their attributes, to look for patterns in those events, and to make our methods and observations public ? * A. empirical research B. quantitative methods of research C. qualitative methods of research D. p ostpositivism

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    5 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource 24. Bias in research can occur in all but which of the following? A. definition of variables for study B. choosing the sample to be studied C. data collection * D. method of sampling 25. What is a philosophical position that recognizes the complexity of reality and the limitations of human observers and proposes that scientists can never develop more than a partial understanding of human behavior ? A . positivist perspective * B. postpositivism C. interpretist perspective D. constructivist perspective True/False 1. True or False. The three major aspects of an approach to human behavior that helps us think about the nature and complexities of the people and situations are person, the environment, and transactions. True * False 2. True or False. One of the basic tenets of the person and environment approach is that the same person in a different environment, or the same environment with a different person, most likely will yield different behaviors. * True False 3. True or False. Recognizing human behavior as an interaction of person and environment is a new concept in the social work profession. True * False 4. True or False. Human behavior is multidetermined, which basically assumes that it is developed as a result of many causes. * True False

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    6 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource 5. True or False. Acculturation, which is a process of changing one's culture by incorporating elements of another culture, happens over time with new situations and opportunities to learn, negotiate, and accommodate. * True False 6. True or False. Time orientation describes the extent to which individuals and collectivities are invested in two temporal zones which include present and future time. True * False 7. True or False. When thinking about time, shifts are considered to be sudden abrupt changes in direction. * True False 8. True or False. When thinking about time, trends are considered to move invariably in one direction. True * False 9. True or False. When thinking about time, constants are considered to move in a general direction but are not as invariable as trends. True * False 10. True or False. When thinking about time, cycles are considered to repetitively reverse direction. * True False Fill - in - the - Blank 1. When a social worker thinks about human behavior as changing configurations of person and environment over time, this is a ________________________ approach. * Answer: multidimensional

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    7 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource 2. When human behavior is considered to be the result of interactions of integrated biological, psychological, and social systems we call this the _________________approach. * Answer: biopsychosocial 3. A llowing the clock to tell when an event should begin and end has been called ______________. * Answer: clock time 4. T he extent to which individuals and collectivities are invested in three temporal zones — past, present, and future time is known as ____________________. * Answer: linear time 5. A ____________________ assumes that each person’s life has a unique long - term pattern of stability and change but that shared social and historical contexts produce s ome commonalities. * Answer: life course perspective 6. The process of ___________________is a process by which the world’s people are becoming more interconnected economically, politically, environmentally, and culturally. * Answer: globalization 7. ___________________ refers to individual - level variations — differences among individuals. * Answer : Heterogeneity 8. ___________________ are where we fit in a system of s ocial identities, such as race, ethnicity, gender, social class, sexual orientation, religion, ability/disability, and age. * Answer: Social locations 9. T hree main barriers prevent full access to human rights: po verty, discrimination, and ________________________. * Answer: lack of access to education 10. We ___________ for the purpose of doing . * Answer: know

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    8 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource Short Answer Essay 1. Use the story of Manisha's determination to survive to explain the relevant dimensions of person, environment, and time. Define each of the dimensions and give examples of Manisha's journey for each dimension. 2. Differentiate between the terms heterogeneity and diversity . How does knowledge of these terms contribute to culturally sensitive social work practice? 3. Use the idea of American privilege to discuss gender, race, and class which influence social identities and life chances. Cite examples form Minasha's story to demonstrate this influence.

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    1 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource Chapter 2 . Theoretical Perspectives on Human Behavior Test Multiple Choice 1. The interrelated lives of the McKinley family as well as the impact of external factors such as job insecurity, health care issues, and cultural gender and role definitions that influence their individual behaviors and affect the family's general well - being can be well explained using concepts from the: A) social exchange perspective * B) systems perspective C) rational choice perspective D) humanistic perspective 2. An elderly person who receives the benefit of her basic needs being met but at the same time endures the cost of feeling that she has nothing to offer in exchange. This is an example of the: A) rational choice perspective * B) social constructionist perspective C) conflict perspective D) humanistic perspective 3. An individual's participation in a support group for heart attack survivors has helped him modify some of his views about his situation by encouraging a solution - focused approach to his concerns. This is an example of the: A) humanistic perspective B) psychodynamic perspective C) conflict perspective * D) social constructionist perspective 4. A perspective that is concerned with how internal processes such as needs, drives, and emotions motivate human behavior is known as the: A) humanistic perspective * B) psychodynamic perspective C) developmental perspective D) systems perspective 5. Ruth is entering into her late old age and struggles with chronic illnesses and losses. This is an example of the: A) humanistic perspective B) psychodynamic perspective

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    2 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource * C) developmental perspective D) systems perspective 6. The assumption that learning takes place as individuals interact with their environments is related to the: * A) social behavioral perspective B) psychodynamic perspective C) developmental perspective D) social constructionist perspective 7. When family members make choices based on freedom of action and search for meaning this is an example of the: A) social behavioral perspective B) developmental perspective C) psychodynamic perspective * D) humanistic perspective 8. Individuals who hold power in the family but little power in the labor market is an example of the: A) social behavioral perspective * B) conflict perspective C) social constructionist perspective D) systems perspective 9. If a social worker were to help family members increase their personal sense of competence in taking care of an elderly relative we would define this as: * A) self - efficacy B) agency C) efficacy expectation D) self - actualization 10. Having a sense that you can personally accomplish a goal is known as: A) self - efficacy B) agency * C) efficacy expectation D) self - actualization 11. Individuals who weathered several negative environmental experiences and changes in their physical functioning that may be contributing to lowered expectations of self as well as a resistance to measures that might improve their functioning. This is best described

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    3 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource as: A) social behavioral perspective B) efficacy expectations C) social learning theory * D) learned helplessness 12. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the needs that must first be satisfied before higher needs can emerge are: A) psychological needs B) belongingness and love needs * C) physiological needs D) self - actualization needs 13. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, meeting one's needs for affection and intimacy refers to: A) psychological needs * B) belongingness and love needs C) safety needs D) self - actualization needs 14. Security is very important to Stanley, which represents which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? A) psychological needs B) belongingness and love needs * C) safety needs D) self - actualization needs 15. A term associated with the capacity to intentionally make things happen is known as: A) self - efficacy B) efficacy expectation C) esteem needs * D) agency 16. A theory associated with change that can be sudden, rapid, or radical is: A) social learning theory * B) chaos theory C) cognitive theory D) operant conditioning theory 17. A theory that suggests that behavior is also learned by imitation, observation, beliefs, and

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    4 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource expectations is: * A) cognitive social learning theory B) operant conditioning theory C) classical conditioning theory D) empowerment theory 18. A theory that guides our practice interventions towards building on client strengths is: A) cognitive social learning theory B) operant conditioning theory C) classical conditioning theory * D) empowerment theory 19. A theory that defines behavior as the result of reinforcement is: A) cognitive social learning theory * B) operant conditioning theory C) classical conditioning theory D) feminist theory 20. A theory that defines behavior as learned through association is: A) cognitive social learning theory B) operant conditioning theory * C) classical conditioning theory D) empowerment theory 21. A theory that is based on the desire to maximize benefits and minimize costs is: A) social network theory B) reasoned action theory C) feminist theory * D) social exchange theory 22. A theory that utilizes pictorial representations, like an ecomap, of interactions in a system is: * A) social network theory B) systems theory C) person - in - environment theory D) social exchange theory 23. A person's felt and interpreted experience of “who I am” is referred to as: A) self - efficacy B) role

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    5 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource * C) phenomenal self D) feedback mechanism 24. A person's usual behaviors that occupy a particular social position is referred to as: A) self - efficacy * B) role C) phenomenal self D) feedback mechanism 25. Which of the following is NOT a term associated with the systems perspective? * A) phenomenal self B) boundary C) feedback mechanisms D) role 26. The expansion of conflict theory by Randall Collins to integrate conflict processes at the social level with those at the small group and family levels addresses which criteria for evaluating theory: A) diversity and power B) usefulness for social work * C) comprehension D) competence 27. The finding that individual choices and decisions are often inconsistent with assumed rationality and are often too complicated to ascertain the most rational choice illustrates which criteria for judging social theory: A) coherence * B) empirical support C) comprehensiveness D) diversity 28. Traditional psychodynamic theories have been criticized on which basis for of theory evaluation: A) diversity and power B) testability and empirical support C) coherence and conceptual clarity * D) all of the above are criticisms of traditional psychodynamic theory 29. Classical developmental theories have been criticized primarily for: A) usefulness for social work practice

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    6 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource * B) failure to address diversity and power C) lack of coherence and conceptual clarity D) poor testability 30. The humanistic perspective is called the 'third force' because it was developed in reaction to: * A) psychodynamic and behavioral perspectives B) systems perspective C) developmental and constructionist perspectives D) conflict perspective True/False 31. True or False. When we consider human behavior from as systems perspective, we see it as an outcome of reciprocal interactions of persons operating within linked social systems. *A) True B) False 32. True or False. An open system is one where there is no exchange with external systems. A) True *B) False 33. True or False. A closed system is one where there is an exchange of resources with external systems. A) True *B) False 34. True or False. One big idea of the conflict perspective is that lack of open conflict is a sign of exploitation. *A) True B) False 35. True or False. One big idea of the rational choice perspective is that human consciousness and the sense of self are shaped by continual social interaction. A) True *B) False

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    7 Hutchison - Essentials of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Course Instructor Resource 36. True or False. One big idea of the social constructionist perspective is that people can modify meanings in the process of interaction. *A) True B) False 37. True or False. One big idea of the psychodynamic perspective is that human development is a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. A) True *B) False 38. True or False. A big idea of the developmental perspective is that human development occurs in clearly defined age - graded stages. *A) True B) False 39. True or False. Stage 1 (birth - 1 year) of Erikson's model of human development proposes the psychosocial crisis to be basic trust versus mistrust. *A) True B) False 40. True or False. Stage 4 (ages 6 - 12) of Erikson's model of human development proposes the psychosocial crisis to be industry versus inferiority. *A) True B) False 41. True or False. Stage 7 (late 20s - 50s) of Erikson's model of human development proposes the psychosocial crisis to be intimacy versus isolation. A) True *B) False 42. True or False. One big idea of the social behavioral perspective is that all human problems can be formulated as undesirable behavior. *A) True B) False 43. True or False. One big idea of the humanistic perspective is that all behavior can be defined and changed. A) True *B) False

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