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Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics, 4th Edition Test Bank

Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics, 4th Edition Test Bank ensures thorough exam preparation with comprehensive topic coverage and exam-style practice questions.

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    Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics 4 th edition Andy Field Multiple Choice Testbank Chapter 1 Why is my evil lecturer forcing me to learn statistics? Using this testbank: This testbank is designed to be used in conjunction with Field, A. P. (2013). Discovering S tatistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics, 4th edition . London: SAGE. Please note, that in this testbank the first choice is always the correct answer. Additionally, each multiple choice question comes with suggested feedback to further support your students. More about this testbank: The questions in this testbank are also available in WebAssign. WebAssign is a powerful instructional tool for students and lecturers which , supports both formative and summative assessment. The testbank on WebAssign also provides a wide range of numeracy questions which you can assign to your students to enable them to practice solving statistical problems until they master them. To find out more about teaching with Field Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS using WebAssign please visit http://www.webassign.net/ or contact your SAGE sales rep at http://www.uk.sagepub.com/repsAndAgents.sp

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    Exercise FieldStat4 1.MC .00 1 . Classify each of the following variables as either nominal or continuous . a. age b. gender c. height d. race Author’s Notes Multiple Choice Part (a) Options (correct choice comes first) Feedback (rejoinder) for this choice continuous Correct nominal Incorrect Multiple Choice Part (b) Options (correct choice comes first) Feedback (rejoinder) for this choice nominal Correct continuous Incorrect Multiple Choice Part (c) Options (correct choice comes first) Feedback (rejoinder) for this choice continuous Correct nominal Incorrect Multiple Choice Part (d) Options (correct choice comes first) Feedback (rejoinder) for this choice nominal Correct continuous Incorrect

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    Exercise FieldStat4 1.MC.002. A café owner decided to calculate how much revenue he gained from lattes each month. What type of variable would the amount of revenue gained from lattes be? Author’s Notes Multiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first) Feedback (rejoinder) for this choice continuous Yes, the amount of revenue gained from lattes would be a continuous variable. A continuous variable is one for which, within the limits the variable ranges, any value is possible. Indeed, it is meaningful to speak of £107 , 543 (or dollars, euros etc.) (see Section 1.5.1.2) . categorical This is incorrect because categorical variables are variables in which entities are divided into distinct categories (see Section 1.5.1.2) . discrete This is incorrect because a discrete variable can only take on certain values (usually whole numbers) (see Section 1.5.1.2) . nominal This is incorrect because a nominal variable is one that describes a name or category (see Section 1.5.1.2) .

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    Exercise FieldStat4 1.MC.003. A café owner wanted to compare how much revenue he gained from lattes across different months of the year. What type of variable is ‘month’? Author’s Notes Multiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first) Feedback (rejoinder) for this choice categorical Yes, this is correct because months of the year are divided into distinct categories (see Section 1.5.1.2) . dependent This is incorrect because a ‘ dependent variable ’ represents the output or effect (see Section 1.5.1.1) . Revenue would be the dependent variable. interval This is incorrect because interval variables can be measured along a continuum and they have a numerical value (for example, temperature measured in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit) (see Section 1.5.1.2). continuous This is incorrect, a continuous variable is one for which within the limits the variable ranges, any value is possible ( see Section 1.5.1.2).

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    Exercise FieldStat4 1.MC.004. Which of the following best describes a confounding variable? Author’s Notes Multiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first) Feedback (rejoinder) for this choice A variable that affects the outcome being measured as well as , or instead of , the independent variable. Yes, this is correct because a confounding variable is an unforeseen and unaccounted - for variable that jeopardizes reliability and validity of an experiment's outcome (see Section 1.5.5 ) . A variable that is manipulated by the experimenter. This is incorrect because a confounding variable is an unforeseen and unaccounted - for variable that jeopardizes reliability and validity of an experiment's outcome (see Section 1.5.5 ) . A variable that has been measured using an unreliable scale . This is incorrect because although a confounding variable could be measured using an unreliable scale , this is not its defining feature – it could equally be measured using a reliable scale, or not measured at all (see Section 1.5.5 .2 ) . A variable that is made up only of categories. This is incorrect, because although a confounding variable could be categorical , this is not its defining feature – it could equally be a continuous variable. A variable that is made up only of categories is known as a categorical variable ( see Section 1.5. 1.2 ).

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    Exercise FieldStat4 1.MC.005. A demand characteristic is : Author’s Notes Multiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first) Feedback (rejoinder) for this choice When a person responds in an experiment in a way that is consistent with their beliefs about how the experimenter would like them to behave. Yes, this is correct ; a demand characteristic refers to an experimental artefact where participants form an interpretation of the experiment's purpose and unconsciously change their behavio u r to fit that interpretation. When the experimenter’s behaviour affects the results of an experiment. This describes an experimenter effect and is, therefore, incorrect . A personality trait that affects the results of an experiment in an undesirable way. This is incorrect ; a demand characteristic refers to an experimental artefact where participants form an interpretation of the experiment's purpose and unconsciously change their behavio u r to fit that interpretation. A personality trait that makes a participant likely to find an experiment too demanding. This is incorrect ; a demand characteristic refers to an experimental artefact where participants form an interpretation of the experiment's purpose and unconsciously change their behavio u r to fit that interpretation.

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    Exercise FieldStat4 1.MC.006 . If a test is valid, what does this mean? Author’s Notes Multiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first) Feedback (rejoinder) for this choice The test measures what it claims to measure. Yes, t his is correct. For more information on validity and reliability see Section 1.5 .3 . The test will give consistent results. This is incorrect. This statement describes reliability. For more information on reliability and validity see Section 1.5 .3 . The test has internal consistency. This is incorrect. Internal consistency is typically a measure based on the correlations between different items on the same test (or the same subscale on a larger test). It measures whether several items that propose to measure the same general construct produce similar scores. For example, if a respondent expressed agreement with the statements ‘ I like rock music ’ and ‘ I've enjoyed listening to rock music in the past ’ , and disagreement with the statement ‘ I hate rock music ’ , this would be indicative of good internal consistency of the test (s ee Section 1.5 .3 ). The test measures a useful construct or variable . This is incorrect. A test can measure something useful but still not be valid (see Section 1.5 .3 ).

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    Exercise FieldStat4 1.MC.007 . When questionnaire scores predict or correspond with external measures of the same construct that the questionnaire measures it is said to have: Author’s Notes Multiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first) Feedback (rejoinder) for this choice Criterion validity Yes, this is correct. Criterion validity is a measure of how well a particular measure/questionnaire compares with other measures or outcomes (the criteria) that are already established as being valid. For example, IQ tests are often validated against measures of academic performance (the criterion) (see Section 1.5.3). Factorial validity This is incorrect. Factorial validity refers to the clustering of correlations of responses by groupings of items in the questionnaire. Factor analysis can be used for this purpose. Basically, the groupings must make intuitive sense to the investigator otherwise the questionnaire has poor factorial validity (see Section 1.5.3) . Ecological validity This is incorrect. For a research study to possess ecological validity, the methods, materials and setting of the study must approximate the real - life situation that is under investigation (see Section 1.5.3). Content validity This is incorrect. Content validity refers to the degree to which individual items on a questionnaire/measure represent the construct being measured, and cover the full range of the construct (see Section 1.5.3).

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    Exercise FieldStat4 1.MC.008 . When the results of an experiment can be applied to real - world conditions, that experiment is said to have: Author’s Notes Multiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first) Feedback (rejoinder) for this choice Ecological validity Yes, this is correct. For a research study to possess ecological validity, the methods, materials and setting of the study must approximate the real - life situation that is under investigation (see Section 1.5.3). Factorial validity This is incorrect. Factorial validity refers to the clustering of correlations of responses by groupings of items in the questionnaire. Factor analysis can be used for this purpose. Basically, the groupings must make intuitive sense to the investigator otherwise the questionnaire has poor factorial validity (see Section 1.5.3) . Content validity This is incorrect. Content validity refers to the degree to which individual items on a questionnaire/measure represent the construct being measured, and cover the full range of the construct (see Section 1.5.3). Criterion validity This is incorrect. Criterion validity is a measure of how well a particular measure/questionnaire compares with other measures or outcomes (the criteria) that are already established as being valid. For example, IQ tests are often validated against measures of academic performance (the criterion) (see Section 1.5.3).

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    Exercise FieldStat4 1.MC.009 . A variable manipulated by a researcher is known as: Author’s Notes Multiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first) Feedback (rejoinder) for this choice An independent variable Yes, this is correct. An independent variable (or predictor variable) is a variable that is thought to be the cause of some effect. This term is usually used in experimental research to denote a variable that the experimenter has manipulated (see Section 1.5 .1.1 ). A dependent variable This is incorrect. A dependent variable is a variable that is thought to be affected by changes in an independent variable. You can think of this variable as an outcome (see Section 1.5.1.1 ) A confounding variable This is incorrect. A confounding variable is a variable which has an unintentional effect on the dependent variable. When carrying out experiments we attempt to control these extraneous variables ; however , there is always the possibility that one of these variables is not controlled and if this affects the dependent variable in a systematic way, we call this a confounding variable (see Section 1.5. 1.1 ). A discrete variable This is incorrect. A discrete variable can take on only certain values (usually whole numbers) on the scale (see Jane Superbrain Box 1.3 and Section 1.5.1.1 ).

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    Exercise FieldStat4 1.MC.010 . A variable that measures the effect that manipulating another variable has is known as: Author’s Notes Multiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first) Feedback (rejoinder) for this choice A dependent variable Yes, this is correct. A dependent variable (or outcome variable) is a variable that is thought to be affected by chan ges in an independent variable (see Section 1.5.1.1) . A confounding variable This is incorrect. A confounding variable is a variable which has an unintentional effect on the dependent variable. When carrying out experiments we attempt to control these extraneous variables ; however , there is always the possibility that one of these variables is not controlled and if this affects the dependent variable in a systematic way, we ca ll this a confounding variable (see Section 1.5.1.1). A predictor variable This is incorrect. An predictor variable is a variable that is thought to predict another variable (see Section 1.5.1.1). An independent variable This is incorrect. An independent variable is a variable that is thought to be the cause of some effect. This term is usually used in experimental research to denote a variable that the experimenter has manipulated (see Section 1.5.1.1).

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    Exercise FieldStat4 1 .MC.011 . A predictor variable is another name for: Author’s Notes Multiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first) Feedback (rejoinder) for this choice An independent variable Yes, this is correct. An independent variable (or predictor variable) is a variable that is thought to be the cause of some effect. This term is usually used in experimental research to denote a variable that the experimenter has manipulated (see Section 1.5.1.1). A dependent variable This is incorrect. A dependent variable is a variable that is thought to be affected by changes in an independent variable. You can think of this variable as an outcome (see Section 1.5.1.1) . A confounding variable This is incorrect. A confounding variable is a variable which has an unintentional effect on the dependent variable. When carrying out experiments we attempt to control these extraneous variables ; however ; there is always the possibility that one of these variables is not controlled and if this affects the dependent variable in a systematic way, we call this a confounding variable (see Section 1.5.1.1). A discrete variable This is incorrect. A discrete variable can take on only certain values (usually whole numbers) on the scale (see Jane Superbrain Box 1.3 and Section 1.5.1.1).

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    Exercise FieldStat4 1.MC.012 . The discrepancy between the numbers used to represent something that we are trying to measure and the actual value of what we are measuring is called: Author’s Notes Multiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first) Feedback (rejoinder) for this choice Measurement error Yes, this is correct. I t ’s one thing to measure variables, but it’s another thing to measure them accurately . (see Section 1.5 .2 ). Reliability This is incorrect. Reliability refers to whether an instrument can be interpreted consistently across different situations (see Section s 1.5.2 and 1.5.3 ) . The ‘fit’ of the model This is incorrect. The ‘fit’ of the model is the degree to which a statistical model represents the data collected (see Section 1.5.2 ). Variance This is incorrect. The variance is the average error between the mean and the observations made (see Section 1.5.2 ).

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