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Statistical Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests: Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Values

Analyzes diagnostic test accuracy using statistical methods such as sensitivity and specificity.

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    Statistical Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests: Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Values Screening Exercise 1 A screening test for a newly discovered disease is being evaluated for its effectiveness and sensitivity as a screening test in industry. In order to determine the effectiveness of the new test, it was administered to 880 workers. Of those, 120 of the individuals diagnosed with the disease tested positive for it. Results from the test showed a negative test finding for 50 people with the disease. A total of 40 people without the disease tested positive for it. Create a 2x2 table for this data: T est findings / Disease status Disease No disease Total Positive test 120 (A) 40 (B) 160 Negative test 50 (C) 670 (D) 720 Total 170 710 880 1. What is the prevalence rate of the disease? Prevalence rate of disease = ே௢ ௢௙ ௣௘௘௣௟௘ ௪௜௧ ௛ ௗ௜௦௘௔௦௘ ே௢ ௢௙ ௣௘௢௣௟௘ ௠௘௔௦௨௥௘ௗ = (170/880)*100 = 19.3 2. What is the sensitivity of the test? Sensitivity of the test = (A / A+ C) *100 = (120/170) * 100 = 70.58 3. What is the specificity of the test? Specificity: D/(D+B) × 100 = (670/710) * 100 = 94.36 4. What is the percentage of false negatives? FalseNeg = (1 - Sensitivity) * Prevalence =(c/a+c)*prevelance = 5.673 5. What is the percentage of false positives? FalsePos = (1 - Specificity) * (1 - Prevalence) =(b/b+d)*( no of people with no disease/N) *100 =4.551 6. What is the accuracy of the test? Accuracy = no of correct assessment/total no of assessments = (A+D/N) *100= 89.72 % Exercise 2 Two different tests previously developed to measure stress in individuals are selected: Stress Test Alpha Battery (STAB) and Stress Test Uniform Battery (STUB). The sensitivity and specificity of these two tests are:

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