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Cultural Anthropology, Fourth Canadian Edition Test Bank

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    NETA A SSESSMENT Test Bank to accompany Fourth Edition Test Bank prepared by Victor Gulewitsch University of Guelph

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    iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: The Nature of Anthropology ......................................................................... 1-1 Chapter 2 The Nature of Culture ..................................................................................... 2-1 Chapter 3 The Beginnings of Human Culture ................................................................. 3-1 Chapter 4 Language and Communication ....................................................................... 4-1 Chapter 5 Making a Living ............................................................................................. 5-1 Chapter 6 Economic Systems ......................................................................................... 6-1 Chapter 7 Sex and Marriage ........................................................................................... 7-1 Chapter 8 Family and Household ................................................................................... 8-1 Chapter 9 Kinship and Descent ....................................................................................... 9-1 Chapter 10 Social Stratification and Groupings ........................................................... 10-1 Chapter 11 Political Organization and the Maintenance of Order ................................ 11-1 Chapter 12 Religion and the Supernatural .................................................................... 12-1 Chapter 13 The Arts ...................................................................................................... 13-1 Chapter 14 Anthropology at Work ............................................................................... 14-1 Chapter 15 Cultural Change and the Future of Humanity ............................................. 15-1

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    v In addition to providing a variety of questions related to each chapter objective, this test bank also employs a series of tags that can help design effective, balanced tests by the measure of course outcomes. All of the tags are included with the question in the test bank. These tags include:  ANS: The correct answer.  PTS: The number of points an instructor can assign for each question. The default is 1 point.  BLM: The category from Bloom’s taxonomy for learning (Remember or Higher Order). This category is included to assist instructors in assessing student’s higher -order cognitive skills.  DIF: Difficulty level (Easy, Average, or Challenging). The Computerized Test Bank All items from this Test Bank are also available in ExamView ® , a computerized testing package with online capabilities. ExamView ® helps you create, customize and deliver both print and online tests in minutes. Its “what you see is what you get” interface and easy -to-use test wizard guide you step-by-step through the test creation process. The ExamView ® Test Bank files and software are included on the In structor’s Resource CD in Windows PC and Macintosh platforms (0176615970).

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    1-1 Chapter 1 The Nature Of Anthropology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following best defines anthropology? a. the study of Western culture, primarily through the analysis of its folklore b. the study of humankind everywhere in all times c. the study of nonhuman primates through an analysis of their myths and folklore d. the study of the species Homo sapiens by analyzing its biological dimension ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 3 – 4 BLM: REM 2. How is anthropology different from other disciplines that study humans? a. It was the first science to analyze human diversity. b. It pays greater attention to details. c. It requires a longer period of training. d. It synthesizes data from many fields in an effort to describe human behaviour as a whole. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 4 BLM: REM 3. What is the key distinction between anthropology and humanities subjects? a. The humanities are concerned with art and history, while anthropology does not. b. The humanities are more scientific than anthropology. c. The humanities examine the great achievements of human cultures, while anthropology focuses on all aspects of humans. d. The humanities concentrate on Western civilization, while anthropology concentrates on Eastern civilization and excludes study of the West. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 4 BLM: HO 4. Why has anthropology only recently appeared as a distinct field of inquiry? a. Only in the past two centuries have people been interested in their own origins and in people different from themselves. b. Previously, most people did not have access to adequate means of travel and communication necessary for studying distant cultures. c. The Bible strictly prohibited the study of diverse groups of people. d. European explorers only wished to dominate the peoples they encountered. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 4 BLM: REM

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    Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology 1-2 5. Which factor contributed most to the development of anthropology as a distinct field for studying human diversity? a. the discovery of diverse peoples during biblical days b. the rise of cultural imperialism, which promoted intellectual development in Europe c. attempts during the 18th century to explain human behaviour scientifically in terms of natural laws d. the application of biblical mythology to explain human diversity ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 4 – 5 BLM: REM 6. During which period of their history did Europeans first consider that understanding other peoples would help them understand themselves? a. the industrial age b. the Age of Enlightenment c. the postindustrial age d. the modern age ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 5 BLM: REM 7. Early anthropological theorists proposed that all cultures passed through a series of evolutionary stages, culminating in the technologically advanced level of Western societies. Which term did critics of this idea use to brand its adherents with? a. armchair anthropologists b. diffusionists c. progressives d. relativists ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 5 BLM: REM 8. Which of the following opinions was NOT one that Franz Boas held? a. He embraced racist notions of cultural progress. b. He argued that each culture has a unique history. c. He promoted the belief that all cultures are equally valid. d. He maintained that cultures cannot be ranked as superior or inferior to one another. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 5 BLM: HO

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    Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology 1-3 9. Which of the following has most influenced Canadian anthropology? a. the media in Canada b. medical schools at Canadian universities c. the Canadian government d. Canadian museums ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 6 BLM: REM 10. Which of the following tasks has always been a defining feature of Canadian anthropology? a. studies of ethnic conflict in Canada b. advocacy of Aboriginal people’s religious and cultural rights c. understanding Canadian cultural sovereignty d. writing reports for federal and provincial governments ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 6 BLM: REM 11. Which term do Aboriginal groups in Canada prefer to use to identify themselves? a. the name of their distinctive cultural group b. the term “North American Indian,” which ignores national boundaries c. the term “Indian” d. the term “native people” ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 6 BLM: REM 12. Which of the following is NOT one of the five major fields of anthropology? a. archaeology b. linguistic anthropology c. ethnohistory d. applied anthropology ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 9 BLM: REM 13. What is the term for someone who engages activities such as studying the frequency of blood types in human populations, or watching the behaviour of monkeys and apes, or digging for early hominid bones in East Africa? a. ethnologist b. ethnographer c. biological anthropologist d. sociocultural anthropologist ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 9 – 10 BLM: HO

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    Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology 1-4 14. What are the two major research interests of biological anthropology? a. the relationship between humans and mammals, and the differences between them b. variation in human populations, and evolution of human characteristics c. primate population variation, and the reconstruction of the material remains of culture d. the origins of language, and causes of language change ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 9 – 10 BLM: REM 15. Which of the following research topics might be the main focus of a biological anthropologist? a. the point in human evolution at which the anatomical capacity for language emerged b. the historical construction of language families to see when different languages diverged from a common stock c. investigating the social behaviour of Rastafarians d. locating the remains of ancient Babylon ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 9 – 10 BLM: HO 16. The police need help in identifying a large number of disaster victims. Which type of anthropologist would be best for this task? a. paleoanthropologist b. forensic anthropologist c. police anthropologist d. osteoanthropologist ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10 BLM: REM 17. Which of the following is NOT an appropriate task for a forensic anthropologist? a. identifying causes of environmental disasters b. identifying the remains of victims of genocide c. identifying missing persons from skeletal remains d. identifying details of nutritional history from skeletal remains of murder victims ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10 BLM: HO

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    Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology 1-5 18. What is Jane Goodall best known for doing? a. She found the famous “Lucy” Australopithecus fossil. b. She served as a consultant to the federal government of Canada on preventing terrorist attacks. c. She studied chimpanzees in their natural habitat. d. She advised the Canadian government about how to provide daycare to immigrant families. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10 BLM: REM 19. Which of the following best defines archaeology? a. a branch of biological anthropology b. a subfield of cultural anthropology c. a branch of linguistic anthropology d. a subfield of anthropology ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10 BLM: REM 20. What does an archaeologist endeavour to understand by studying material remains? a. past cultural behaviour b. the evolution of fossils c. how ancient humans improved and advanced d. how human society might evolve in the future ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10 – 11 BLM: HO 21. Some anthropologists excavate and study sites where the material remains of pre-contact peoples are found. What is the term for this type of anthropologist? a. cultural materialist b. early historic archaeologist c. prehistoric archaeologist d. preliterate anthropologist ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10 BLM: REM 22. Some anthropologists study the material remains of people and historical documents about them. What is the term for this type of anthropologist? a. historic anthropologist b. ethnographic historian c. documentary anthropologist d. historic archaeologist ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10 BLM: REM

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    Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology 1-6 23. Historians usually study the past through written sources. Which period does this limit them to? a. the past 1,000 years b. the past 5,000 years c. the past 10,000 years d. the past 50,000 years ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10 BLM: REM 24. The University of Arizona Garbage Project demonstrated that what people say and what they do can differ dramatically. What is one of the specific examples of this phenomenon that these investigators discovered? a. Many empty packages of hair dye were found in the trash, even though no one claimed to use hair colouring. b. People claimed to take vitamins daily, but the number of empty vitamin bottles did not support this claim. c. No one said they drank Scotch, yet several empty Johnny Walker bottles were found in the trash. d. The amount of beer consumed, according to empty cans in the trash, was far higher than people claimed. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10 BLM: REM 25. What did the University of Arizona Garbage Project discover during the course of a year in which beef prices skyrocketed throughout the United States? a. Most residents ate almost no beef. b. Households actually wasted larger amounts of beef. c. Men were more likely to increase their consumption of beef. d. Beer consumption also increased significantly. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10 BLM: REM 26. Which of the following tasks is an archaeologist most likely to engage in? a. study material remains to reconstruct past cultures b. study present-day languages to reconstruct when they diverged from a parent stock c. study ancient inscriptions to explain contemporary behaviour d. study tool use among gorillas ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 10 – 11 BLM: REM

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    Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology 1-7 27. What is archaeologist Robert McGhee’s position on the value of artifacts? a. They can have great commercial value in the art market. b. They are only of value to the descendants of the people who used them. c. They should never be put in museums. d. They are most valuable in that they provide knowledge about the people who used and discarded them. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 11 BLM: REM 28. Which branch of anthropology studies all aspects of human languages? a. anthropological linguistics b. historical linguistics c. linguistic ethnography d. ethnolinguistics ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 11 BLM: REM 29. Which of the following would NOT be an area of research interest to linguistic anthropologists? a. studying the way that language is a resource for developing culture b. ranking languages according to their effectiveness in transmitting culture c. tracing genealogical relationships among languages d. examining how people use language to maintain social distinctiveness ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 11 – 12 BLM: HO 30. Linguistic anthropologists can answer important questions about the past by looking at language. Which of the following options represents a question that could be answered through historical linguistic analysis? a. calculating how long the speakers of a given language have lived in a certain region b. determining why languages began in one place and not in another c. describing how modern speakers of a language are genetically related to one another d. calculating exactly how many languages existed in the past ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 12 BLM: HO

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    Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology 1-8 31. What do descriptive linguists try to describe? a. the patterns and structure of grammar and sentence formation in languages b. how speakers use their language to relate to one another c. how language changes the way people understand their surroundings d. how rules of grammar evolved ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 11 – 12 BLM: REM 32. Which of the following would be of particular interest to a sociolinguist? a. the way sentences are formed b. the sounds and gestures made by nonhuman animals c. the evolution of grammar d. how slang words are used in everyday English ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 12 BLM: REM 33. What is a “culture - bound” theory? a. a prediction that is bound to be fulfilled in a particular culture b. a theory based on assumptions common to a particular culture c. a theory developed by a sociologist d. a theory based on comparison of cultures ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 12 BLM: REM 34. Which of the following activities would an applied anthropologist most likely NOT be involved in? a. persuading indigenous healers to discard their traditional methods of treating illness in favour of modern medicine b. providing mediation between members of an Aboriginal group and residents of a nearby housing development who are in conflict over water rights c. providing background information to First Nations and government agencies during land claims negotiations d. working with Aboriginal peoples to develop cultural awareness programs about their heritage and history ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 12 BLM: HO

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    Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology 1-9 35. Some applied archaeologists assess and excavate archaeological sites threatened by human activity. What is the term for this sort of work? a. historic archaeology b. practical archaeology c. cultural resource management d. external relations management ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 12 BLM: REM 36. Which of the following statements describes an important difference between sociology and sociocultural anthropology? a. Sociology develops theories to explain social behaviour; sociocultural anthropology does not. b. Sociology tends to study Western urban-industrial societies; sociocultural anthropology studies societies of all types throughout the world. c. Sociology is less susceptible than sociocultural anthropology to culture-bound theories because it is rooted in scientifically based Western culture. d. Sociology is both descriptive and comparative; sociocultural anthropology is only comparative. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging REF: 12 BLM: HO 37. Which of the following topics would be of most interest to an ethnographer? a. the study of non-Western societies b. human behaviour in any specific culture c. developing generalizations and rules about all human behaviour d. explaining how two or more cultures deviate from the norm ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13 – 14 BLM: HO 38. Sociocultural anthropologists seek to understand the interrelatedness of sociocultural systems. Which of the following is NOT an example of such a system? a. emotional organization b. economic organization c. religious organization d. political organization ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13 – 14 BLM: HO

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    Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology 1-10 39. In today’s global community, what is the greatest value of anthropology? a. It promotes ideals and values that everyone can accept and live by. b. It promotes awareness and appreciation of cultural diversity. c. It studies people who have not been corrupted or tainted by civilization and technology. d. It brings about change in the world. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13 – 14 BLM: REM 40. Which of the following best defines ethnology? a. the collection of descriptive material on a specific culture b. the comparative study of human and animal behaviour c. the comparative study of patterns of human behaviour across contemporary cultures d. the study of languages through which culture is transmitted, shaped, and experienced ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13 BLM: REM 41. Which of the following is the best description of an ethnologist? a. someone who studies female behaviour as it is distinguished from male behaviour b. someone who studies cultures of the past to indicate cultural progression over time c. someone who develops a science of culture by comparing many specific cultures d. someone who studies primitive cultures ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13 – 14 BLM: HO 42. What is the term for in-depth descriptive studies of specific cultures? a. ethnologies b. ethnic anthologies c. anthropologies d. ethnographies ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13 BLM: REM

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    Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology 1-11 43. Ethnography involves the collection of data about cultures. What does ethnology do with this type of data? a. organizes it b. uses it for comparative study c. bases experiments on it d. confirms its accuracy ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13 BLM: HO 44. Which of the following would be a useful source for doing ethnohistory? a. the field notes of an ethnolinguist b. data from contemporary subcultures c. hieroglyphics documenting the unification of Lower and Upper Egypt d. diaries of missionaries and traders ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13 BLM: HO 45. Why is participant observation considered especially important to ethnographic research? a. The anthropologist will have personal experience with the habits and customs of the people being studied. b. It protects the anthropologist from appearing foolish while gathering information about a culture. c. It provides the anthropologist with valuable insights into the culture without having to know its language. d. The people being studied will be unable to keep information a secret from the ethnographer who is living with them and is therefore a part of their culture. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging REF: 13 – 14 BLM: HO 46. Which of the following is one of the most fundamental principles of traditional anthropological research? a. Ethnographic research is always scientifically objective and unbiased. b. Ethnographers must live closely among the people in the cultures they are studying. c. While doing fieldwork, ethnographers are not influenced by their own emotions. d. Anthropologists must shed their personal biases and prejudices when they engage in fieldwork. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13 – 14 BLM: HO

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    Chapter 1 The Nature of Anthropology 1-12 47. According to the text, why did ethnographer Hazel Weidman have considerable difficulty doing fieldwork in Myanmar (Burma)? a. She did not speak the language. b. She was a woman. c. Myanmar was not a democratically governed country. d. She was a Westerner. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13 BLM: REM 48. Anthropologists doing fieldwork investigate how all aspects of a culture relate to one another. Which term best describes this approach? a. holistic b. ethnological c. sociocultural d. multidisciplinary ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 13 BLM: REM 49. What role do key informants play when an anthropologist does fieldwork in an unfamiliar culture? a. They provide an outsider’s perspective for the anthropologist. b. They help other members of the culture understand Western customs. c. They help the ethnographer remain objective. d. They help interpret whatever activities are occurring. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 14 BLM: REM 50. Which type of study is ethnographic fieldwork most often associated with? a. the study of wealthy elites b. the study of North American society c. the study of non-Western peoples d. the study of the economically disadvantaged ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 14 – 16 BLM: HO 51. Why do sociocultural anthropologists strongly encourage non-North American ethnographers to do fieldwork in Canada? a. They are often better-educated than Canadian ethnographers. b. As outsiders, they may have insights that insiders might overlook. c. They need the work. d. Canadian ethnographers only focus on overseas work. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average REF: 14 – 19 BLM: HO

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