Introducing Cultural Anthropology 5th Edition Test Bank

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11.The four fields of anthropology are cultural, biological, archaeology andA.ethnography.B.forensics.C.linguistics.D.paleoanthropology.2.What are the traditional areas of focus within cultural anthropology?A.cultural prehistory and applied anthropology.B.forensic archaeology and descriptive linguistics.C.ethnographic and ethnological research.D.primatology and contemporary human variation.3.The overall goals ofanthropological research include this aspect of human biology:A.mapping the genome of Homo sapiens.B.describing human races.C.description and analysis of the evolution of Homo sapiens.D.assessing the influence ofbiochemistry on human behavioral evolution.4.A primary goal of research in cultural anthropology includes describingA.human races.B.the origin and spread of human religions.C.human geographic distribution.D.culturalsimilarities and differences.5.Anthropology is unique as a discipline because itA.is holistic in its approach.B.uses statistical methods.C.collects data in the field.D.uses the scientific method.

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6.An object that ismade by humans is calledA.an ecofact.B.an artifact.C.a site.D.a midden.7.What is meant by the "holistic" approach in anthropology?A.entire cultures are studied and compared.B.the entire time of humanexistence is studied.C.human beings are viewed in the broadest context possible—biologically and culturally throughtime.D.cultures are studied using fieldwork and participant observation, together with a perspective ofculturalrelativism.8.Holism in anthropology means thatA.humans are included in the study of ecological systems.B.whole societies are examined in an evolutionary context.C.the entire time of human existence is studied.D.humans arestudied biologically and culturally through time.9.Holism, as used in anthropology, may be characterized asA.an archaeological excavation pit.B.the study of a single culture.C.a broad, integrated perspective.D.thecomparative approach.10.On what do humanistic anthropologists focus their studies?A.The application of the scientific method to the study of humans.B.The use of the comparative method when studying cultures.C.Theuniqueness of every individual in a culture.D.The common behavioral patterns of a society.

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11.The description of a single society based on fieldwork is calledA.an ethnography.B.an ethnology.C.a comparative analysis.D.acultural anthropology.12.The approach that compares and analyzes cultural data with a goal of making general statementsabout human cultural adaptations is calledA.ethnography.B.ethnology.C.cultural relativism.D.holism.13.Ethnological studies include aA.description of a society based on fieldwork.B.systematic study of cultural features and artifacts.C.report of the culture's impact on the environment.D.comparison of entire cultures or asingle facet of cultures.14.Biological anthropology includes the following areas of study:A.human fossils, artifacts, and ecofacts.B.artifacts, human fossils, and forensics.C.primates, population genetics, and human fossils.D.artifacts, primates, and human fossils.15.An attitude of ethnocentrism toward another groupA.encourages friendship and understanding.B.aids understanding between cultures.C.prevents doing ethnology.D.preventsunderstanding of other cultures.

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16.A positive adaptive value of ethnocentrism is it mayA.create greater understanding of others.B.result in individuals becoming cultural relativists.C.result in a group becomingindependent.D.create social cohesion for the group.17.Making value judgments based on your own culture when describing another culture is calledculturalA.relativism.B.ecology.C.ethnocentrism.D.customs.18.Ananthropologist who views and evaluates aspects of a culture from within the context of thatculture is said to be using which of the following perspective?A.Cultural ethnocentrism.B.Ethnographic analysis.C.Cultural relativism.D.Cultural differences.19.You have just written a paper titled "The Anatomical Evidences for Early Human Bipedalism." Youare what type of anthropologist?A.Ethnographer.B.Ethnologist.C.Archaeologist.D.Paleoanthropologist.20.One section group that is NOT found in the American Anthropological Association is theA.Association for Africanist Anthropology.B.Council for South American Anthropology.C.Society of MedicalAnthropology.D.Culture and Agriculture.

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21.Goldstein's study of polyandry by Tibetans living in Nepal showed that polyandryA.resulted from the practice of infanticide.B.prevented starvation.C.prevented male-owned lands frombeing split.D.was prohibited by religious beliefs.22.Criteria that are used to judge the worth of a scientific hypothesis include all of the followingEXCEPTA.whether the hypothesis explains things.B.whether the hypothesis isrelevant.C.whether the hypothesis is compatible with established theories.D.whether the hypothesis is testable.23.Research in anthropological archaeology includes:A.classical archaeology and cultural resource management (CRM).B.prehistoric archaeology and ethnoarchaeology.C.paleoanthropology and prehistoric archaeology.D.classical archaeology and paleoanthropology.24.A cultural resource management (CRM) archaeologist's work focuses onA.writingenvironmental impact reports.B.excavating prehistoric sites.C.researching historical archives.D.learning the techniques to make stone tools.25.In William Rathje's garbology project that focused on household waste, front doorinterviewsfound 15 percent of respondents saying that they consumed beer. The trash discard from thesame area showed what percentage of household's consuming beer?A.80 percentB.60 percentC.40 percentD.20 percent

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26.I am ananthropologist who has just completed the excavation of a small North American goldmining camp occupied in the Nineteenth Century. What type of archaeologist am I?A.classical archaeologistB.historical archaeologistC.prehistoricarchaeologistD.experimental archaeologist27.I am an anthropologist who has just completed a paper on the syntax of the Hopi language. I amknown asA.a historical linguist.B.an ethnolinguist.C.a descriptive linguist.D.asociolinguist.28.Linguistics is a subfield of anthropology thatA.focuses on the mechanics of language.B.evaluates the relationship between language and social relationships.C.reconstructs the history of language.D.All of theabove.29.Many people, including some anthropologists, argue that we should not hold positions of culturalrelativism becauseA.some cultures are more advanced than others.B.human rights violations, such as violence against women, areuniversally wrong.C.universal human values cannot be applied equally.D.less advanced cultures will be offended by this view.30.I have just written a paper on the knee joint of the early human fossil known as "Lucy." What typeofanthropologist am I?A.paleontologistB.primatologistC.paleoanthropologistD.prehistoric archaeologist

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31.Contemporary human variation studies undertaken by anthropologists include all of the followingsubjects EXCEPTA.DNA.B.disease.C.nutritional deficiencies.D.fossils.32.Archaeologicalfeaturesinclude the following types of evidence:A.soils and plants.B.roadways and fire hearths.C.projectile points and stone artifacts.D.fossil remains and pollen.33.Forensic anthropologists apply their knowledge to legal issues by studying what materials?A.Hair samples recovered from crime victim clothing.B.Blood splatter patterns at a crime scene.C.Bullets andbullet casings at a crime scene.D.Skeletal remains at an airline crash site.34."Floorwalkers heel" is a condition that is identified by forensic anthropologists based on theA.heel print showing lateral wear.B.unusualflattening of the heel bone caused by excessive walking and standing.C.unusual flattening of the metatarsal bones due to the pressure from the heel.D.bony spurs on the heel caused by walking on hard surfaces.35.The idea that anyaspect of a culture must be viewed and evaluated within the context of thatculture is calledA.cultural ethnocentrism.B.cultural relativism.C.cultural ethnography.D.cultural holism.

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36.One of the key features of thescientific method isA.using statistical methods.B.lab work.C.formulating hypotheses.D.background investigations.37.Anthropologists seek to explain human cultural behavior through the use ofA.culturalrelativism.B.the scientific method.C.fieldwork.D.cultural resource management.38.Anthropologist Lawrence Kuznar favors using the scientific method in anthropology becauseA.things can be proved through scientificinvestigation.B.things can be disproved through scientific investigation.C.scientific investigation yields statistical data for analysis.D.more accurate knowledge can be gained through time.39.Briefly describe two goals foranthropological research.40.Contrast ethnography and ethnology.

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41.List three types of archaeology and explain what each investigates.42.Explain why the following statement is ethnocentric orrelativistic: "The Inuit children have thedisgusting habit of eating raw fish eyes."43.Explain why the following statement is ethnocentric or relativistic: "Village men were blowing ahallucinogenic drug up their noses when wearrived at the village. Green mucus ran freely fromtheir noses."44.Briefly discuss one reason cultural relativism should not be applied universally.

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45.Describe how historical archaeology differs from history.46.List and describe three types of linguistic studies.47.State how anthropology is different from one of the following: sociology, psychology, biology, andhistory.48.Discuss one difficulty that culturalanthropologists encounter when they strive to apply thescientific method.

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49.Discuss one specific way the anthropological concepts of ethnocentrism and cultural relativismcan be applied to one of the following: yourneighborhood, your place of work, your child's school,and your favorite sporting event.50.What are the four fields of anthropology, and what kinds of phenomena do anthropologistsworking in these areas study?51.Discuss how anthropology is unique when compared with other disciplines.52.Explain what is meant by a holistic approach to the study of humankind.

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53.Explain the terms ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Cite aspecific example of each.54.Explain the concept of ethnocentrism. How can it be harmful to the ethnocentric person and toothers?55.Cultural relativism is an important concept in anthropology. What are thepotential problems thatmay occur if it is taken too literally?56.Is anthropology a science? Discuss.

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1Key1.The four fields of anthropology are cultural, biological, archaeology andA.ethnography.B.forensics.C.linguistics.D.paleoanthropology.Lenkeit-Chapter 01 #12.What are the traditional areas of focus within cultural anthropology?A.cultural prehistory and applied anthropology.B.forensicarchaeology and descriptive linguistics.C.ethnographic and ethnological research.D.primatology and contemporary human variation.Lenkeit-Chapter 01 #23.The overall goals of anthropological research include this aspect of humanbiology:A.mapping the genome of Homo sapiens.B.describing human races.C.description and analysis of the evolution of Homo sapiens.D.assessing the influence of biochemistry on human behavioral evolution.Lenkeit-Chapter 01 #34.A primary goal of research in cultural anthropology includes describingA.human races.B.the origin and spread of human religions.C.human geographic distribution.D.cultural similarities and differences.Lenkeit-Chapter 01 #4

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5.Anthropology is unique as a discipline because itA.is holistic in its approach.B.uses statistical methods.C.collects data in the field.D.uses the scientific method.Lenkeit-Chapter 01 #56.Anobject that is made by humans is calledA.an ecofact.B.an artifact.C.a site.D.a midden.Lenkeit-Chapter 01 #67.What is meant by the "holistic" approach in anthropology?A.entire cultures are studied andcompared.B.the entire time of human existence is studied.C.human beings are viewed in the broadest context possible—biologically and culturallythrough time.D.cultures are studied using fieldwork and participant observation, togetherwith a perspectiveof cultural relativism.Lenkeit-Chapter 01 #78.Holism in anthropology means thatA.humans are included in the study of ecological systems.B.whole societies are examined in an evolutionary context.C.theentire time of human existence is studied.D.humans are studied biologically and culturally through time.Lenkeit-Chapter 01 #8

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9.Holism, as used in anthropology, may be characterized asA.an archaeological excavation pit.B.the study of a single culture.C.a broad, integrated perspective.D.the comparative approach.Lenkeit-Chapter 01 #910.On what do humanistic anthropologists focus their studies?A.The application of the scientific method to thestudy of humans.B.The use of the comparative method when studying cultures.C.The uniqueness of every individual in a culture.D.The common behavioral patterns of a society.Lenkeit-Chapter 01 #1011.The description of asingle society based on fieldwork is calledA.an ethnography.B.an ethnology.C.a comparative analysis.D.a cultural anthropology.Lenkeit-Chapter 01 #1112.The approach that compares and analyzes cultural data with a goalof making generalstatements about human cultural adaptations is calledA.ethnography.B.ethnology.C.cultural relativism.D.holism.Lenkeit-Chapter 01 #1213.Ethnological studies include aA.description of asociety based on fieldwork.B.systematic study of cultural features and artifacts.C.report of the culture's impact on the environment.D.comparison of entire cultures or a single facet of cultures.Lenkeit-Chapter 01 #13

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