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Human Evolution And Culture: Highlights Of Anthropology, 6th Edition Test Bank

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    Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Archaeology is a subfield of 1) A) cultural anthropology. B) history. C) primatology. D) linguistics. Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 2) The ________ is interested in what people speak about and how they interact conversationally. 2) A) sociolinguist B) ethnologist C) historical linguist D) anthropological linguist Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 3) The study of anthropology may be useful for all of the following except 3) A) giving us a sense of humility about our own culture's failings. B) giving us a better understanding of humankind. C) helping us determine which culture traits are best. D) helping us avoid misunderstandings between people. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 4) The ________ seeks to understand how and why peoples of today and the recent past differ in their customary ways of thinking and acting. 4) A) ethnographer B) archaeologist C) primatologist D) ethnologist Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 5) Which of the following is least likely to interest an archaeologist? 5) A) ancient garbage heaps B) dinosaur bones C) ancient temples D) pieces of ancient pottery Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 1

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    6) What explanation did American educators give when they discovered African American schoolchildren rarely drank milk? 6) A) milk was only drunk at home B) a dislike for the flavor of milk C) a lack of money or education D) milk intolerance Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 7) The distinctive feature of cultural anthropology is its interest in how all aspects of human existence vary from ________. 7) A) society to society B) biology to biology C) location to location D) culture to culture Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 8) Prosimians, monkeys, apes, and humans are all members of the order of 8) A) primates. B) Homo sapiens. C) humans. D) primatologists. Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 9) A human paleontologist would be least interested in 9) A) cultural systems. B) sociological relationships. C) primates. D) fossil evidence of humans. Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 10) John Whiting's theory is that a long postpartum sex taboo may be an adaptation to kwashiorkor , a disease of ________. 10) A) protein deficiency B) enzyme synthesis C) reproductive success D) meiosis Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 2

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    11) The study of how languages change through time and how they may be related is 11) A) structural linguistics. B) sociolinguistics. C) ethnolinguistics. D) historical linguistics. Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 12) Anthropology is literally the study of 12) A) human population patterns. B) the products of human societies. C) humans. D) human history. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 13) An ethnohistorian would 13) A) work in the field for long periods of time. B) prepare lengthy reports on extinct cultures. C) study only past cultures, much as archaeologists do. D) study the way in which cultures have changed over time. Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 14) Compared to anthropologists of previous years, an anthropologist today is more likely to 14) A) do fieldwork alone. B) investigate many different aspects of life of the people studied. C) study a geographically more distant society. D) specialize in one certain topic or area. Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 15) Anthropology includes all of the following except 15) A) when humans first appeared on the earth. B) why contemporary peoples have different cultures. C) how insect colonies are organized. D) how humans vary biologically. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 3

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    16) From primate studies, biologists try to discover characteristics that are distinctly 16) A) behavioral. B) physical. C) human. D) primate. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 17) Unlike archaeologists, ethnologists 17) A) are not concerned with the ways cultures change over time but rather in the ways they function in the present. B) are not interested in culture as a whole, but rather in its constituent parts (institutions, social groups, etc.). C) are not interested in past cultures. D) draw on a database principally of observations and interviews with living people. Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 18) Compared to the historian, the archaeologist is 18) A) more likely to analyze written records of ancient societies. B) less likely to analyze written records of ancient societies. C) more likely to study cultures older than 5000 years. D) more likely to study how societies change over time. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 19) To understand better the biological variations observable among contemporary human populations, biological anthropologists use the principles and techniques of at least ________ other disciplines. 19) A) 4 B) 2 C) 5 D) 3 Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 20) To transform theoretical predictions into statements that might be verified, a researcher provides a(n) ________ of each of the concepts or variables mentioned in the prediction. 20) A) theoretical construct B) measurement C) operational definition D) statistical association Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 4

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    21) Applied anthropologists practice 21) A) in the field of ethnology. B) in the field of paleontology. C) in all subfields of anthropology. D) in the field of cultural anthropology. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 22) Which of the following is not usually considered one of the four main subfields of anthropology? 22) A) anthropological linguistics B) applied anthropology C) archaeology D) biological anthropology Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 23) Unlike ethnologists, ethnographers 23) A) are interested in "primitive" peoples. B) compare societies cross - culturally. C) describe a given society based on their own fieldwork. D) study societies with writing systems. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 24) The belief that it is impossible to account for human behavior scientifically is ________. 24) A) an accepted generality B) theoretically implausible C) a self - fulfilling notion D) impossible to quantify Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 25) Anthropology takes a(n) ________ approach that includes a wide geographic and historical range. 25) A) topical B) holistic C) personal D) cultural Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 5

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    26) Unlike other linguists, anthropological linguists are primarily interested in 26) A) the historical connections of different languages to each other. B) the ways in which language relates to beliefs and behaviors. C) unwritten languages. D) the way language is used in different social contexts. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 27) Which of the following would not be considered part of cultural anthropology? 27) A) human paleontology B) ethnology C) anthropological linguistics D) archaeology Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 28) An ethnographer would 28) A) make many cross - cultural comparisons. B) work with applied anthropologists in developing foreign aid projects. C) work directly with historians on various projects. D) work in the field for long periods of time. Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 29) Which of the following may be trained in any or all of the subfields of anthropology? 29) A) ethnologist B) applied or practicing anthropologist C) biological anthropologist D) political anthropologist Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 30) The study of how language is used in social contexts is called 30) A) structural linguistics. B) historical linguistics. C) descriptive linguistics. D) sociolinguistics. Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 6

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    ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 31) Describe the four fields of anthropology. How do they relate to the holistic approach taken by the field of anthropology? Answer: 32) As archaeology deals with the past, what can archaeological knowledge do for humanity in the present and future? Answer: 33) How is anthropology relevant to modern life (perhaps your own)? Answer: 34) Describe applied anthropology. Give an example of it from each of the four fields of anthropology. Answer: 35) How can an understanding of anthropology help all of us understand each other? Answer: 36) How can historical linguistics help us understand human migration patterns? Answer: 37) How is anthropology different from other behavioral disciplines? Answer: 38) What is archaeology? How does it differ from ethnohistory? Answer: 39) Why does simplicity of technology by a particular group not necessarily imply backwardness? Use an example of a group you have read about. Answer: 7

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    Answer Key Testname: C1 1) A 2) A 3) C 4) D 5) B 6) C 7) A 8) A 9) B 10) A 11) D 12) C 13) D 14) D 15) C 16) C 17) D 18) C 19) D 20) C 21) C 22) B 23) C 24) C 25) B 26) C 27) A 28) D 29) B 30) D 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 8

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    Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The process of treating archaeological remains to stop or reverse decay and deterioration is called 1) A) conservation. B) reconstruction. C) analysis. D) excavation. Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 2) Sites are known and suspected locations of human activity in the past that contain 2) A) wealth beyond our dreams. B) a record of that activity. C) human buildings. D) none of the above. Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 3) Excavation has two goals: to find every scrap of evidence (or a statistically representative sample) about the past that a given site holds, and to 3) A) prove that evolution is a fact. B) record the horizontal and vertical locations of that evidence with precision. C) find the buried treasure there. D) find the missing link. Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 4) The remote sensing technique that is based upon the fact that the earth has a strong magnetic field that varies by what is beneath the ground is called 4) A) excavation. B) soil interface radar. C) geomagnetic sensing. D) ground penetrating radar. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 5) Which of the following is not an example of a feature? 5) A) a midden B) a hearth C) a stone axe D) a building Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 1

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    6) The "Ice Man," found in the Italian Alps, was about ________ years old. 6) A) 10,000 B) 40,000 C) 2 million D) 5,000 Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 7) ________ makes use of the principle that if an object is heated at some point to a high temperature, it will release all the trapped electrons it held. 7) A) Paleomagnetic dating B) Fission - track dating C) Thermoluminescence dating D) Electron spin resonance dating Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 8) ________ dates rocks in terms of the sequence of geomagnetic patterns in them. 8) A) Paleomagnetic dating B) Electron spin resonance dating C) Thermoluminescence dating D) Fission - track dating Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 9) ________ can sometimes be dated by measuring the buildup of patina over it/them. 9) A) Hearths B) Rock art C) Pottery D) Obsidian Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 10) The study of site disturbance and destruction is called 10) A) pedestrian. B) remote sensing. C) taphonomy. D) geomagnetics. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 11) ________ are simply holes dug by humans that are later filled with garbage or eroded soil. 11) A) Pits B) Dumps C) Living floors D) Hearths Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 2

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    12) To offset their partial destruction, archaeologists are ethically obligated to 12) A) hire security guards to protect the site. B) publish the results of their work. C) notify governmental agencies. D) sell artifacts to museums. Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 13) Much of the evidence for primate evolution comes from 13) A) skin. B) skulls. C) teeth. D) feet. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 14) ________ has been extremely useful in East Africa, where volcanic events have occurred frequently since the Miocene. 14) A) Uranium - series dating B) Fission - track dating C) Potassium - argon dating D) Paleomagnetic dating Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 15) Pollen found at an archaeological site is a good example of a(n) 15) A) feature. B) fossil. C) ecofact. D) artifact. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 16) Which of the following create(s) sites? 16) A) natural processes through which soils are built up B) volcanic activity C) erosion D) all of the above Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 3

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    17) A midden is a 17) A) palace. B) bog. C) garbage dump. D) none of the above. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 18) Radiocarbon has a half - life of ________ years. 18) A) 70 B) 5,730 C) 710 D) 2,720 Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 19) Artifact analysis includes all of the following except 19) A) discovering its use. B) metric analysis. C) putting a monetary value on it. D) establishing typologies. Answer: C Explanation: A) B) C) D) 20) The earliest evidence archaeologists have of brewing dates it to 20) A) 1900 - 1950 A.D. B) 3500 - 3100 B.C. C) 10000 - 9500 B.C. D) 6500 - 6000 B.C. Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 21) The two general categories of dating are absolute and 21) A) relative. B) chronometric. C) uranium. D) radiocarbon. Answer: A Explanation: A) B) C) D) 22) Pedestrian survey is 22) A) high tech. B) low tech. C) both A and B. D) neither A nor B. Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 4

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    23) Archaeologists and paleoanthropologists rely on all of the following types of evidence to discover the past except 23) A) artifacts. B) features. C) ecofacts. D) books. Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 24) Potassium argon dating can be used to date samples from 5,000 years up to 24) A) 300,000 years old. B) 3 million years old. C) 30 million years old. D) 3 billion years old. Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 25) When archaeologists finish a research project, their goal is 25) A) to identify and understand general trends in human biological and cultural evolution. B) to test specific explanations about human evolution and behavior. C) to create a culture history. D) all of the above. Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 26) The most common artifacts of the past are 26) A) iron tools. B) stone tools. C) wooden tools. D) plastic tools. Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 27) Fossils are 27) A) particularly informative about human biological evolution. B) rare. C) common. D) both A and B. Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) 5

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    28) Compared with paleoanthropologists, archaeologists are more concerned with recovering intact 28) A) ecofacts. B) features. C) fossils. D) artifacts. Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 29) Humans began making ceramics about 29) A) 20,000 years ago. B) 10,000 years ago. C) 5,000 years ago. D) 3,000 years ago. Answer: B Explanation: A) B) C) D) 30) Humans began using stone tools more than 30) A) five million years ago. B) ten million years ago. C) twelve million years ago. D) two and a half million years ago. Answer: D Explanation: A) B) C) D) ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 31) How is the study of features different from the study of fossils, artifacts, and ecofacts? Answer: 32) List and discuss the ways in which sites are created. Answer: 33) What can paleoanthropologists learn from fossils? How do they learn these things? Answer: 34) How does an archaeologist decide what method or methods of dating to use in specific cases? Answer: 35) What do archaeologists learn from artifacts and how do they learn these things? Answer: 36) Provide an example and discussion of the importance of analyzing archaeological material in context. Answer: 37) List and compare the four kinds of evidence that archaeologists and paleoanthropologists use in learning about the past. Answer: 6

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    38) Discuss the ways in which archaeologists and paleoanthropologists find sites. What are the advantages of each general procedure? Answer: 39) List and discuss the differences between relative and absolute dating techniques. Answer: 40) What can archaeologists learn from examining ceramics? Answer: 7

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