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Mirror for Humanity: A Concise Introduction to Cultural Anthropology 9th Edition Test Bank

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    1 1. Ethnography is A. the firsthand, personal study of local settings. B. the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations. C. the study of interrelationships among all living things in an environment. D. a policy aimed at removing groups that are culturally different from a country. E. the cross - cultural comparison of cultural data. 2. Anthropology's comparative, biocultural perspective A. allows the inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches to comment or solve a particular issue or problem. B. is the reason it has traditionally studied nonindustrialized societies. C. is insignificant, since evolution is studied by biological anthropologists while culture is studied by cultural anthropologists. D. is a product of the participant observation approach. E. places it in the humanities. 3. Ethnology is A. the study of human speech sounds. B. the comparative, generalizing aspect of cultural anthropology. C. the most important subfield of anthropology. D. the study of ancient ethnic groups. E. a synonym for ethnography. 4. What are the four main subdisciplines of anthropology? A. Medical anthropology, ethnography, ethnology, and cultural anthropology B. Archaeology, biological anthropology, applied linguistics, and applied anthropology C. Biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology D. Genetic anthropology, physical anthropology, psychological anthropology, linguistic anthropology E. Primatology, ethnology, cultural anthropology, and paleopathology

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    5. What do anthropological archaeologists study? A. Language B. Race C. Biological adaptation D. Modern cultural diversity E. Material remains 6. President Barack Obama's mother, Dr. Ann Durham, was a(n) A. Primatologist B. Cultural and applied anthropologist C. Biological anthropologist D. Medical anthropologist E. Archaeologist 7. Which of the following is not a distinctive feature of four - field anthropology? A. It has a holistic approach. B. It has a broad cross - cultural comparison. C. It is the study of human biology, culture, and language. D. It is a science and a humanity. E. It has an exclusive focus on contemporary cultures. 8. Biological anthropologists study all of the following except A. Ancient languages B. Human biological plasticity C. Primates D. Human evolution E. Human genetics 9. The study of interactions among past living things in a past environment is A. Paleoanthropology B. Paleoecology C. Garbology D. Social archaeology E. Adaptive anthropology

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    10. Which of the following statements about anthropology is not true? A. Anthropology is the exploration of human diversity in time and space. B. Anthropology studies the whole of the human condition. C. Anthropologists focus in part on the diversity that arises through human adaptability. D. Anthropology's biocultural approach entails finding evolutionary explanations for all human behaviors. E. Anthropology offers a comparative, cross - cultural perspective to the study of the human condition. 11. What distinction does Kottak draw between culture and society? A. Culture is the result of higher education, whereas society is shared by all people. B. People share society with other animals, but culture is distinctly human. C. Culture is genetically programmed, whereas society is transmitted through social learning. D. People attain culture through international travel but society is the social environment of their native land. E. Society rests more upon certain features of human biology than culture does. 12. What is the term for the processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses? A. Ethnology B. Ethnography C. Cultural resource management D. Adaptation E. Phenotype 13. The tendency of people living in the Peruvian Andes to develop a voluminous chest and lungs for life at very high altitudes provides an example of a(n) A. Genetic adaptation B. Long - term physiological adaptation C. Short - term physiological adaptation D. Cultural adaptation E. Archaeological adaptation

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    14. The pressurized cabin of an airplane flying at high altitude provides an example of a(n) A. Genetic adaptation B. Long - term physiological adaptation C. Short - term physiological adaptation D. Cultural adaptation E. Archaeological adaptation 15. A systematic field of study that uses experiment, observation, and deduction to produce reliable explanations of phenomena is A. Culture B. Religion C. Humanities D. Science E. Folk lore 16. Which question was important in the origins of American anthropology? A. How are the Neanderthals related to us? B. Where did Native Americans come from? C. When and where did food production first begin? D. How much beer do people in Arizona drink today? E. Where do ideals of attractiveness come from? 17. What is a biocultural perspective? A. The notion that humans no longer rely on biological adaptation B. The inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches C. Using the fact that culture is completely dominant over biological change D. It is synonymous with scientific research E. The idea that girls should be gymnasts and boys should play football 18. Which of the following countries is least likely to send female swimmers to the Olympics? A. United States B. Germany C. the Netherlands D. Norway E. Brazil

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    19. Rathje's garbology project A. studies the stratification of landfills. B. is archaeology of modern people. C. answered the question why people leave things behind for archaeologists to find. D. is a study of potsherds. E. was conducted in ancient Egypt. 20. A scientist who studies the fossil record of human evolution is a A. Paleoanthropologist B. Archaeologist C. Ethnologist D. Treasure hunter E. Primatologist 21. The study of the relationships between social and linguistic variation is called A. Historic linguistics B. Applied linguistics C. Cultural resource management D. Adaptation E. Sociolinguistics 22. The use of anthropological findings, concepts, and methods to accomplish a desired end is known as A. Applied anthropology B. Economic anthropology C. Conceptual anthropology D. Sociobiology E. Participant observation 23. Cultural resource management is an example of applied A. Ethnology B. Biological anthropology C. Archaeology D. Linguistic anthropology E. Ethnography

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    24. Anthropology is a holistic discipline in that it A. has traditionally focused on nonindustrial societies. B. deals with human culture. C. does not attempt to make generalizations about humanity. D. now focuses on industrial societies. E. studies human biological, cultural, and linguistic variation across both time and space. 25. An anthropologist is studying ethnic - religious conflict in contemporary Sri Lanka. She or he is most likely a(n) A. Cultural anthropologist B. Linguistic anthropologist C. Paleoanthropologist D. Archaeological anthropologist E. Biological anthropologist 26. What themes and interests unify the subdisciplines of American anthropology? In your answer, refer to historical reasons for the unity of anthropology in the United States. 27. Define both ethnography and ethnology. Discuss the importance of both and their relationship in anthropology.

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    28. What are the four subdisciplines of anthropology? Define each subdiscipline and give one example of something each might study. 29. How can culture change the growth and development of an individual's physical body? Include at least one example. 30. List and describe at least three types of remains that archaeologists could study. What could the archaeologist learn from each type? 31. Discuss anthropology's dual identity as a member of both the social sciences and the humanities. What advantages may be found in this dual identity?

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    32. What are the four primary types of human adaptation? Why has their interrelationship been particularly important for the human species? 33. What kinds of work would applied anthropologists pursue? Provide one example for each subfield. What aspects of anthropology make it uniquely valuable in application to social problems? 34. Anthropologists study only non - Western cultures. True False 35. Anthropology is unique in that it is both holistic and cross - cultural. True False 36. Ethnomusicology is one of the main four subfields of anthropology. True False 37. Anthropologists would agree that a comparative, cross - cultural approach is unnecessary as long as you are diligent in your work. True False 38. Linguistic anthropologists study how languages vary in time and space, and how language and culture influence each other. True False

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    39. Ethnography involves the collection of data that becomes the basis for an account of a particular community, society, or culture. True False 40. Anthropologists use the term society to refer to customs and traditions passed from generation to generation through learning. True False 41. Academic anthropology refers to the use of anthropological knowledge and methods to identify and solve social problems. True False 42. The study of material remains like potsherds, buildings, ships, and garbage falls under the subdiscipline of archaeological anthropology. True False 43. The origin of American anthropology is traced to an interest in the origins and diversity of Native Americans. True False 44. Ethnology is the process of living with a culture for a long period of time in order to fully describe that one culture. True False 45. Humans use both biological and cultural means to adapt to new environments. True False 46. Primatology is included in biological anthropology. True False 47. Archaeologists only study past cultures. True False 48. The term enculturation refers to the process through which children learn culture. True False 49. The experience of hyperventilation upon reaching a high - altitude environment illustrates a long - term physiological adaptation to high altitude. True False

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    50. Culture is not itself biological, but it rests on certain features of human biology. True False

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    1 Key 1. Ethnography is A. the firsthand, personal study of local settings. B. the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations. C. the study of interrelationships among all living things in an environment. D. a policy aimed at removing groups that are culturally different from a country. E. the cross - cultural comparison of cultural data. Kottak - Chapter 01 #1 2. Anthropology's comparative, biocultural perspective A. allows the inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches to comment or solve a particular issue or problem. B. is the reason it has traditionally studied nonindustrialized societies. C. is insignificant, since evolution is studied by biological anthropologists while culture is studied by cultural anthropologists. D. is a product of the participant observation approach. E. places it in the humanities. Kottak - Chapter 01 #2 3. Ethnology is A. the study of human speech sounds. B. the comparative, generalizing aspect of cultural anthropology. C. the most important subfield of anthropology. D. the study of ancient ethnic groups. E. a synonym for ethnography. Kottak - Chapter 01 #3

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    4. What are the four main subdisciplines of anthropology? A. Medical anthropology, ethnography, ethnology, and cultural anthropology B. Archaeology, biological anthropology, applied linguistics, and applied anthropology C. Biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology D. Genetic anthropology, physical anthropology, psychological anthropology, linguistic anthropology E. Primatology, ethnology, cultural anthropology, and paleopathology Kottak - Chapter 01 #4 5. What do anthropological archaeologists study? A. Language B. Race C. Biological adaptation D. Modern cultural diversity E. Material remains Kottak - Chapter 01 #5 6. President Barack Obama's mother, Dr. Ann Durham, was a(n) A. Primatologist B. Cultural and applied anthropologist C. Biological anthropologist D. Medical anthropologist E. Archaeologist Kottak - Chapter 01 #6 7. Which of the following is not a distinctive feature of four - field anthropology? A. It has a holistic approach. B. It has a broad cross - cultural comparison. C. It is the study of human biology, culture, and language. D. It is a science and a humanity. E. It has an exclusive focus on contemporary cultures. Kottak - Chapter 01 #7

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    8. Biological anthropologists study all of the following except A. Ancient languages B. Human biological plasticity C. Primates D. Human evolution E. Human genetics Kottak - Chapter 01 #8 9. The study of interactions among past living things in a past environment is A. Paleoanthropology B. Paleoecology C. Garbology D. Social archaeology E. Adaptive anthropology Kottak - Chapter 01 #9 10. Which of the following statements about anthropology is not true? A. Anthropology is the exploration of human diversity in time and space. B. Anthropology studies the whole of the human condition. C. Anthropologists focus in part on the diversity that arises through human adaptability. D. Anthropology's biocultural approach entails finding evolutionary explanations for all human behaviors. E. Anthropology offers a comparative, cross - cultural perspective to the study of the human condition. Kottak - Chapter 01 #10 11. What distinction does Kottak draw between culture and society? A. Culture is the result of higher education, whereas society is shared by all people. B. People share society with other animals, but culture is distinctly human. C. Culture is genetically programmed, whereas society is transmitted through social learning. D. People attain culture through international travel but society is the social environment of their native land. E. Society rests more upon certain features of human biology than culture does. Kottak - Chapter 01 #11

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    12. What is the term for the processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses? A. Ethnology B. Ethnography C. Cultural resource management D. Adaptation E. Phenotype Kottak - Chapter 01 #12 13. The tendency of people living in the Peruvian Andes to develop a voluminous chest and lungs for life at very high altitudes provides an example of a(n) A. Genetic adaptation B. Long - term physiological adaptation C. Short - term physiological adaptation D. Cultural adaptation E. Archaeological adaptation Kottak - Chapter 01 #13 14. The pressurized cabin of an airplane flying at high altitude provides an example of a(n) A. Genetic adaptation B. Long - term physiological adaptation C. Short - term physiological adaptation D. Cultural adaptation E. Archaeological adaptation Kottak - Chapter 01 #14 15. A systematic field of study that uses experiment, observation, and deduction to produce reliable explanations of phenomena is A. Culture B. Religion C. Humanities D. Science E. Folk lore Kottak - Chapter 01 #15

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    16. Which question was important in the origins of American anthropology? A. How are the Neanderthals related to us? B. Where did Native Americans come from? C. When and where did food production first begin? D. How much beer do people in Arizona drink today? E. Where do ideals of attractiveness come from? Kottak - Chapter 01 #16 17. What is a biocultural perspective? A. The notion that humans no longer rely on biological adaptation B. The inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches C. Using the fact that culture is completely dominant over biological change D. It is synonymous with scientific research E. The idea that girls should be gymnasts and boys should play football Kottak - Chapter 01 #17 18. Which of the following countries is least likely to send female swimmers to the Olympics? A. United States B. Germany C. the Netherlands D. Norway E. Brazil Kottak - Chapter 01 #18 19. Rathje's garbology project A. studies the stratification of landfills. B. is archaeology of modern people. C. answered the question why people leave things behind for archaeologists to find. D. is a study of potsherds. E. was conducted in ancient Egypt. Kottak - Chapter 01 #19

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