Mirror for Humanity: A Concise Introduction to Cultural Anthropology 9th Edition Test Bank

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11.Ethnography isA.the firsthand, personal study of local settings.B.the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations.C.the study of interrelationships among all living things in an environment.D.apolicy aimed at removing groups that are culturally different from a country.E.the cross-cultural comparison of cultural data.2.Anthropology's comparative, biocultural perspectiveA.allows the inclusion of both biological andcultural approaches to comment or solve a particularissue or problem.B.is the reason it has traditionally studied nonindustrialized societies.C.is insignificant, since evolution is studied by biological anthropologists while culture is studiedby cultural anthropologists.D.is a product of the participant observation approach.E.places it in the humanities.3.Ethnology isA.the study of human speech sounds.B.the comparative, generalizing aspect of culturalanthropology.C.the most important subfield of anthropology.D.the study of ancient ethnic groups.E.a synonym for ethnography.4.What are the four main subdisciplines of anthropology?A.Medical anthropology,ethnography, ethnology, and cultural anthropologyB.Archaeology, biological anthropology, applied linguistics, and applied anthropologyC.Biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeologyD.Geneticanthropology, physical anthropology, psychological anthropology, linguisticanthropologyE.Primatology, ethnology, cultural anthropology, and paleopathology

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5.What do anthropological archaeologists study?A.LanguageB.RaceC.Biological adaptationD.Modern cultural diversityE.Material remains6.President Barack Obama's mother, Dr. Ann Durham, was a(n)A.PrimatologistB.Cultural and applied anthropologistC.Biological anthropologistD.Medical anthropologistE.Archaeologist7.Which of the following isnota distinctive feature of four-field anthropology?A.It has a holistic approach.B.It has a broad cross-cultural comparison.C.It is the study of humanbiology, culture, and language.D.It is a science and a humanity.E.It has an exclusive focus on contemporary cultures.8.Biological anthropologists study all of the followingexceptA.Ancient languagesB.Human biologicalplasticityC.PrimatesD.Human evolutionE.Human genetics9.The study of interactions among past living things in a past environment isA.PaleoanthropologyB.PaleoecologyC.GarbologyD.Social archaeologyE.Adaptive anthropology

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10.Which of the following statements about anthropology isnottrue?A.Anthropology is the exploration of human diversity in time and space.B.Anthropology studies the whole of the human condition.C.Anthropologists focus in part on the diversity that arises through human adaptability.D.Anthropology's biocultural approach entails finding evolutionary explanations for all humanbehaviors.E.Anthropology offers a comparative, cross-cultural perspective to the study of the humancondition.11.What distinction does Kottak draw between culture and society?A.Culture is the result of higher education, whereas society is shared by all people.B.People share society with otheranimals, but culture is distinctly human.C.Culture is genetically programmed, whereas society is transmitted through social learning.D.People attain culture through international travel but society is the social environment of theirnative land.E.Society rests more upon certain features of human biology than culture does.12.What is the term for the processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces andstresses?A.EthnologyB.EthnographyC.Culturalresource managementD.AdaptationE.Phenotype13.The tendency of people living in the Peruvian Andes to develop a voluminous chest and lungs forlife at very high altitudes provides an example of a(n)A.Genetic adaptationB.Long-term physiological adaptationC.Short-term physiological adaptationD.Cultural adaptationE.Archaeological adaptation

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14.The pressurized cabin of an airplane flying at high altitude provides an example of a(n)A.GeneticadaptationB.Long-term physiological adaptationC.Short-term physiological adaptationD.Cultural adaptationE.Archaeological adaptation15.A systematic field of study that uses experiment, observation, and deduction to producereliableexplanations of phenomena isA.CultureB.ReligionC.HumanitiesD.ScienceE.Folk lore16.Which question was important in the origins of American anthropology?A.How are the Neanderthals related to us?B.Where did Native Americans come from?C.When and where did food production first begin?D.How much beer do people in Arizona drink today?E.Where do ideals of attractiveness come from?17.What is a biocultural perspective?A.Thenotion that humans no longer rely on biological adaptationB.The inclusion of both biological and cultural approachesC.Using the fact that culture is completely dominant over biological changeD.It is synonymous with scientificresearchE.The idea that girls should be gymnasts and boys should play football18.Which of the following countries isleastlikely to send female swimmers to the Olympics?A.United StatesB.GermanyC.the NetherlandsD.NorwayE.Brazil

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19.Rathje's garbology projectA.studies the stratification of landfills.B.is archaeology of modern people.C.answered the question why people leave things behind for archaeologists to find.D.is a study ofpotsherds.E.was conducted in ancient Egypt.20.A scientist who studies the fossil record of human evolution is aA.PaleoanthropologistB.ArchaeologistC.EthnologistD.Treasure hunterE.Primatologist21.The study ofthe relationships between social and linguistic variation is calledA.Historic linguisticsB.Applied linguisticsC.Cultural resource managementD.AdaptationE.Sociolinguistics22.The use of anthropological findings,concepts, and methods to accomplish a desired end isknown asA.Applied anthropologyB.Economic anthropologyC.Conceptual anthropologyD.SociobiologyE.Participant observation23.Cultural resource management is an example ofappliedA.EthnologyB.Biological anthropologyC.ArchaeologyD.Linguistic anthropologyE.Ethnography

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24.Anthropology is a holistic discipline in that itA.has traditionally focused on nonindustrial societies.B.deals with human culture.C.does not attempt to make generalizations about humanity.D.now focuses on industrial societies.E.studies human biological, cultural, and linguistic variation across both time and space.25.Ananthropologist is studying ethnic-religious conflict in contemporary Sri Lanka. She or he ismost likely a(n)A.Cultural anthropologistB.Linguistic anthropologistC.PaleoanthropologistD.Archaeological anthropologistE.Biological anthropologist26.What themes and interests unify the subdisciplines of American anthropology? In your answer,refer to historical reasons for the unity of anthropology in the United States.27.Define bothethnography and ethnology. Discuss the importance of both and their relationship inanthropology.

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28.What are the four subdisciplines of anthropology? Define each subdiscipline and give oneexample of something each might study.29.How can culture change the growth and development of an individual's physical body? Include atleast one example.30.List and describe at least three types of remains that archaeologists could study. What could thearchaeologist learn from each type?31.Discuss anthropology's dual identity as a member of both the social sciences and the humanities.What advantages may be found in this dual identity?

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32.What are the fourprimary types of human adaptation? Why has their interrelationship beenparticularly important for the human species?33.What kinds of work would applied anthropologists pursue? Provide one example for eachsubfield. What aspects of anthropology make it uniquely valuable in application to socialproblems?34.Anthropologists study only non-Western cultures.TrueFalse35.Anthropology is unique in that it is both holistic and cross-cultural.TrueFalse36.Ethnomusicology is one of the main four subfields of anthropology.TrueFalse37.Anthropologists would agree that a comparative, cross-cultural approach is unnecessary as longas you are diligent in your work.TrueFalse38.Linguistic anthropologists study how languages vary in time and space, and how language andculture influence each other.TrueFalse

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39.Ethnography involves the collection of data that becomes the basis for an account of aparticularcommunity, society, or culture.TrueFalse40.Anthropologists use the termsocietyto refer to customs and traditions passed from generation togeneration through learning.TrueFalse41.Academic anthropology refers to theuse of anthropological knowledge and methods to identifyand solve social problems.TrueFalse42.The study of material remains like potsherds, buildings, ships, and garbage falls under thesubdiscipline of archaeological anthropology.TrueFalse43.The origin of American anthropology is traced to an interest in the origins and diversity of NativeAmericans.TrueFalse44.Ethnology is the process of living with a culture for a long period of time in order to fully describethat one culture.TrueFalse45.Humans use both biological and cultural means to adapt to new environments.TrueFalse46.Primatology is included in biological anthropology.TrueFalse47.Archaeologists only study pastcultures.TrueFalse48.The termenculturationrefers to the process through which children learn culture.TrueFalse49.The experience of hyperventilation upon reaching a high-altitude environment illustrates a long-term physiological adaptation to high altitude.TrueFalse

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50.Culture is not itself biological, but it rests on certain features of human biology.TrueFalse

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1Key1.Ethnography isA.the firsthand, personal study of localsettings.B.the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations.C.the study of interrelationships among all living things in an environment.D.a policy aimed at removing groups that are culturally different from acountry.E.the cross-cultural comparison of cultural data.Kottak-Chapter 01 #12.Anthropology's comparative, biocultural perspectiveA.allows the inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches to comment or solve aparticular issue or problem.B.is the reason it has traditionally studied nonindustrialized societies.C.is insignificant, since evolution is studied by biological anthropologists while culture isstudied by culturalanthropologists.D.is a product of the participant observation approach.E.places it in the humanities.Kottak-Chapter 01 #23.Ethnology isA.the study of human speech sounds.B.the comparative, generalizing aspect ofcultural anthropology.C.the most important subfield of anthropology.D.the study of ancient ethnic groups.E.a synonym for ethnography.Kottak-Chapter 01 #3

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4.What are the four main subdisciplines of anthropology?A.Medical anthropology, ethnography, ethnology, and cultural anthropologyB.Archaeology, biological anthropology, applied linguistics, and applied anthropologyC.Biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeologyD.Genetic anthropology, physical anthropology, psychological anthropology, linguisticanthropologyE.Primatology, ethnology, cultural anthropology, and paleopathologyKottak-Chapter 01 #45.What do anthropologicalarchaeologists study?A.LanguageB.RaceC.Biological adaptationD.Modern cultural diversityE.Material remainsKottak-Chapter 01 #56.President Barack Obama's mother, Dr. Ann Durham, was a(n)A.PrimatologistB.Cultural and applied anthropologistC.Biological anthropologistD.Medical anthropologistE.ArchaeologistKottak-Chapter 01 #67.Which of the following isnota distinctive feature of four-field anthropology?A.It has a holistic approach.B.It has a broad cross-cultural comparison.C.It is the study of human biology, culture, and language.D.It is a science and a humanity.E.It has anexclusive focus on contemporary cultures.Kottak-Chapter 01 #7

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8.Biological anthropologists study all of the followingexceptA.Ancient languagesB.Human biological plasticityC.PrimatesD.Human evolutionE.HumangeneticsKottak-Chapter 01 #89.The study of interactions among past living things in a past environment isA.PaleoanthropologyB.PaleoecologyC.GarbologyD.Social archaeologyE.Adaptive anthropologyKottak-Chapter 01 #910.Which of the following statements about anthropology isnottrue?A.Anthropology is the exploration of human diversity in time and space.B.Anthropology studies the whole of the human condition.C.Anthropologists focus in part on the diversity that arises through human adaptability.D.Anthropology's biocultural approach entails finding evolutionary explanations for all humanbehaviors.E.Anthropology offers a comparative,cross-cultural perspective to the study of the humancondition.Kottak-Chapter 01 #1011.What distinction does Kottak draw between culture and society?A.Culture is the result of higher education, whereas society is shared by allpeople.B.People share society with other animals, but culture is distinctly human.C.Culture is genetically programmed, whereas society is transmitted through social learning.D.People attain culture through international travel butsociety is the social environment oftheir native land.E.Society rests more upon certain features of human biology than culture does.Kottak-Chapter 01 #11

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12.What is the term for the processes by which organisms cope withenvironmental forces andstresses?A.EthnologyB.EthnographyC.Cultural resource managementD.AdaptationE.PhenotypeKottak-Chapter 01 #1213.The tendency of people living in the Peruvian Andes to develop avoluminous chest and lungsfor life at very high altitudes provides an example of a(n)A.Genetic adaptationB.Long-term physiological adaptationC.Short-term physiological adaptationD.Cultural adaptationE.Archaeological adaptationKottak-Chapter 01 #1314.The pressurized cabin of an airplane flying at high altitude provides an example of a(n)A.Genetic adaptationB.Long-term physiological adaptationC.Short-termphysiological adaptationD.Cultural adaptationE.Archaeological adaptationKottak-Chapter 01 #1415.A systematic field of study that uses experiment, observation, and deduction to producereliable explanations of phenomena isA.CultureB.ReligionC.HumanitiesD.ScienceE.Folk loreKottak-Chapter 01 #15

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16.Which question was important in the origins of American anthropology?A.How are the Neanderthals related to us?B.Where did NativeAmericans come from?C.When and where did food production first begin?D.How much beer do people in Arizona drink today?E.Where do ideals of attractiveness come from?Kottak-Chapter 01 #1617.What is a bioculturalperspective?A.The notion that humans no longer rely on biological adaptationB.The inclusion of both biological and cultural approachesC.Using the fact that culture is completely dominant over biological changeD.It issynonymous with scientific researchE.The idea that girls should be gymnasts and boys should play footballKottak-Chapter 01 #1718.Which of the following countries isleastlikely to send female swimmers to the Olympics?A.United StatesB.GermanyC.the NetherlandsD.NorwayE.BrazilKottak-Chapter 01 #1819.Rathje's garbology projectA.studies the stratification of landfills.B.isarchaeology of modern people.C.answered the question why people leave things behind for archaeologists to find.D.is a study of potsherds.E.was conducted in ancient Egypt.Kottak-Chapter 01 #19

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