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Ionic Bonds Student Exploration Sheet

Explore ionic bonds through a fun simulation! Learn how atoms share or transfer electrons to form bonds, using examples with markers to understand balance and the octet rule.

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    ” 1 Gizmos Name: Date Student Exploration: Ionic Bonds Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes. Vocabulary: chemical family, ion. ionic bond, ionization energy, melall. nonmelal. oclet rule shell, valence electron Prior Knowledge Questions (Do lhese BEFORE using lhe Gizmo.) 1. Nate and Clara are drawing pictures with markers. There are 8 markers in a set. Nate has 9 markers and Clara has 7. What can Nale and Clara do so lhat each of them has a full set? Nate can give 1 marker Io Clara so that each ot them has a full set. 2. Maggie is sitting at a table with Fred and Florence. Maggie has 10 markers, but Fred and Florence each have only 7 markers. Hov; can they share markers so each has 8? Maggie can give 1 marker to Fred and 1 marker Io Florence, allowing all 3 of them to have 8 markers. Gizmo Warm-up Just like students sharing markers, atoms sometimes share or swap eleclrons. By doing this, atoms form bonds. The /onfc Bonds Gizmo allows you Io explore how ionic bonds form. To begin, check that Sodium (Na) and Chlorine {Cl) are selected from lhe menus at right. Click Play ( * ) Io see electrons orbiting the nucleus of each atom. (Note: These atom models are simplified and not meant Io be realistic.) * 1. Each atom consists of a central nucleus and several shells lhat contain electrons. The outermost electrons are called valence electrons How many valence eleclrons does each atom have? Sodium: 1 Chlorine: 7 2. Click Pause ( " ). Elements can be classified as metals and nonmetals. Metals do not hold on to lheir valence electrons very tightly, while nonmelals hold their eleclrons lighlly. Ionization energy is a measure of how tightly lhe valence electrons are held. A. Try pulling an electron away from each atom. Based on this experiment, which atom is a metal? Sodium Which is a nonmetal? Chlorine B Try moving an electron from the metal to the nonmetal. Whal happens?

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    The sodium loses an electron and becomes a cation, while the chlorine gains an electron and becomes an anion. Activity A: Ions Get the Gizmo ready: • Click Reset. • Check that sodium and chlorine are still selected. V* • * ’ * 1 ‘ Introduction: Some of the particles that make up atoms have an electrical charge. Electrons are negatively charged, while protons are positively charged. Particles with opposite charges (+ and -) attract while particles with the same charge (+ and + or - and repel. Question: What happens when atoms gain or lose electrons? 1. Count: Electrons move around the nucleus of atoms in specific shells, shown by the rings around the atoms in the Gizmo. The firsi ring holds two electrons, and the second holds eight. (If you like, you can hide the inner electrons by selecting Hide inner electrons.) A. Observe the sodium and chlorine atoms. How many electrons are there total in each atom? Sodium: 11 Electrons Chlorine: 17 Electrons B Each atom is neutrally charged, which means that each atom has the same number of protons and electrons. Based on this, how many protons are in each atom? Sodium: 11 Protons Chlorine: 11 Electrons 2. Observe: Most atoms are stable with a configuration of eight valence electrons. This is known as the octet rule. How many va/ence electrons does each atom have? Sodium: 1 Valence Electron Chlorine: 7 Valence Electrons 3. Form a bond: Each electron has a charge of 1-, and each proton has a charge of 1+. You can calculate the charge of an atom by subtracting the number of electrons from the number of protons. Move an electron from the sodium Io the chlorine atom. A. What are lhe charges of each atom now? Sodium: +1 Chlorine: -1 Turn on Show charge Io check. These charged atoms are called ions B. Is each ion stable? Explain. Each ion is currently stable. Chlorine has 7 valence electrons, so gelling 1 more valence electron from Sodium would make it stable. Sodium has 1 valence electron, so giving its extra valence electron to Chlorine can make both stable. Click Check in lhe lower right corner of the Gizmo to check. 4. Think and discuss: Why is there an attraction between the two ions in this chemical bond?

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    This chemical bond holds an attraction wilh 2 ions because of the fact that one atom is a positively charged cation and one atom is a negatively charged anion. We know that opposite forces attract, which is why this chemical bond has an attraction. Activity B: Ionic compounds Get the Gizmojeady: • Click Reset . Turn off Show charge • Select Lithium (Li) and Oxygen (0). : ■ • Question: How are ionic compounds formed? 1. Observe: Look at the purple lithium atom and the red oxygen atom. Recall that most atoms are stable when their outermost ring has eight electrons. Some atoms, such as lithium and beryllium, are stable when their outermost ring has two electrons. A How many electrons will the lithium atom give up io become stable? 1 Electron B. How many electrons does the oxygen atom need to become stable? 2 Electrons C. Can a stable compound be made from these two atoms? Explain why or why not. These two atoms can't make a stable compound. Oxygen would need 2 electrons to become stable, but Lithium cannot give? electrons while still stable, meaning thal forming a stable compound wilh these two atoms is impossible. 2. Form bonds Click Add metal Io add another lithium atom, and then transfer electrons from the lithium io the oxygen. Click Check. A. Did you make a stable compound? Yes B. Turn on Show formula. What is the formula of this compound? U2O C. Turn on Show charge. What is the charge of each ion? Li +1 Li -2 O 1+ 3. Practice: Use the Gizmo to create stable compounds from the combinations given below. After transferring electrons, arrange the atoms to demonstrate the attraction between positively charged ions and negatively charged ions. Click Check io check each compound. For each compound, click the camera ( Q i icon to lake a snapshot. Right-click the image, and click Copy Image. Paste each image into a blank document Io turn in with this worksheet. Write the ionic charges (such as Ca 2+ ) and chemical formulas below. Ionic charges Chemical formula A. Lithium and fluorine: Li +1 F -1 LiF

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