Test Bank for Financial Accounting, 11th Edition

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1.JohnTatuma.generatedthefirstcomprehensivetheoryoflifespandevelopment.b.wasthefirstAfrican-Americanpsychologist.c.wonthreegoldmedalsatthe2009NationalSeniorGames.d.wasthefirstblacksoldiertoserveinanall-whiteunitinWorldWarII.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1-1.1.Definedevelopment,aging,andtheirrelationshiptoeachother.2.Developmentisbestdefinedasa.individualdifferencesinhumanbehavior.b.systematicchangesandcontinuitiesfromconceptiontodeath.c.wayinwhichpeoplechangeinpositivewaysacrosstime.d.systematicunfoldingofgeneticpotential.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1-1.1.Definedevelopment,aging,andtheirrelationshiptoeachother.3.Thefactthatdevelopmentofteninvolvescontinuitiesspeakstothefactthatovertime,humanstendtoa.remainthesame.b.becomemoreintelligent.c.becomelessactive.d.undergoorderlypatternsofchange.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1-1.1.Definedevelopment,aging,andtheirrelationshiptoeachother.4.Thethreebroaddomainsexploredbydevelopmentalpsychologistsarea.motor,interpersonal,andcognitive.b.physical,cognitive,andpsychosocial.c.personality,motor,andlearning.d.interpersonal,maturational,andlearning.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1-1.1.Definedevelopment,aging,andtheirrelationshiptoeachother.5.Albert,adevelopmentalpsychologist,conductsresearchonchildren'semotionalreactionstostudyingmathinschool.Albertisconcernedwithchildren's_____development.a.cognitiveb.maturationalc.physicald.psychosocialANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1-1.1.Definedevelopment,aging,andtheirrelationshiptoeachother.6.Whatcharacteristicbelongsmostinthecognitivedomainofdevelopment?

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a.Physicalmaturationofthebodyb.Achangingpersonalityc.Poorinterpersonalskillsd.LanguageacquisitionANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1-1.1.Definedevelopment,aging,andtheirrelationshiptoeachother.7.WhichcharacteristicdoesNOTbelongonalistofkeyaspectsofphysicaldevelopment?a.Changeinmotorabilityb.Changeinbodyorganefficiencyc.Changeinshort-termmemoryd.Changeinskintone(e.g.,wrinkling)ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1-1.1.Definedevelopment,aging,andtheirrelationshiptoeachother.8.Traditionally,growthhasbeendefinedasa.physicalchangesthatoccurfromconceptiontomaturity.b.thebiologicalunfoldingofgeneticpotential.c.positivechangesacrossthelifespan.d.gains,changes,andlossesateachstageofthelifecycle.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1-1.1.Definedevelopment,aging,andtheirrelationshiptoeachother.9._____aginginvolvesthedeteriorationofanorganismthateventuallyresultsindeath.a.Cognitiveb.Psychosocialc.Behaviorald.BiologicalANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1-1.1.Definedevelopment,aging,andtheirrelationshiptoeachother.10._____aspectsofdevelopmentfollowthe“gain-stability-loss”model.a.Allb.Somec.Nod.OnlyphysicalANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1-1.1.Definedevelopment,aging,andtheirrelationshiptoeachother.11.Agingismostaccuratelydefinedasinvolving_____inthematuringorganism.a.onlynegativechangesb.onlypositivechangesc.bothnegativeandpositivechangesd.neitherpositivenornegativechangesANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:Moderate

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REFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.1-1.1.Definedevelopment,aging,andtheirrelationshiptoeachother.12.Thetermagegradereferstoaa.groupofindividualswhoareallthesamementalage.b.sociallydefinedagegroup,withculture-specificassignedroles,privileges,andresponsibilities.c.universallydefinedagegroup,withuniversalroles,privileges,andresponsibilities.d.groupofchildrenassignedataspecificagetoaspecificgradeinschool.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.13.“Senior”discountsonmealsavailableonlytoindividualsoverage55provideanexcellentexampleofa(n)a.agenorm.b.socialclock.c.agegrade.d.socialconvoy.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.14.Thecategoryof“teenager”bestexemplifiesanagea.effect.b.coefficient.c.analysis.d.grade.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.15.MalesocialagegradesfortheArushapeopleofEastAfricaincludea.onlyboysormen.b.juniorwarriorsandretiredelders.c.thehelpfulandhelpless.d.theboyishandgirlishANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.16.Ariteofpassagemarksatransitionfromone_____toanother.a.cultureb.gender

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c.sexd.statusANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.17.Aquinceañearaa.impactsonlymales.b.isaJewishriteofpassage.c.occursatage15.d.definesparenthood.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.18.Acompanyrequiresemployeestoretireattheageof65.Thispolicyisanexampleofa.agenorms.b.agestratification.c.theyoung-oldprinciple.d.growthnorms.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.19.When60-year-oldMadonnaworeaminiskirttoawedding,oneofherfriendscommented,“IsurewishMadonnawouldactherage.”Thiscommentbestillustratestheconceptofa.agenorms.b.agegrade.c.cohorteffects.d.maturation.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.KEYWORDS:WWW20.Theterm_____concernsanindividual’ssenseoftheageatwhichheorsheshouldexperiencecertainevents.a.agenormsb.agestratificationc.socialclockd.agegradeANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,

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andsubculturalcontexts.21.Manuelhopedtograduatefromcollegebyage22butfindshimselfenrollingforthefirsttimeatage52.TheanxietyManuelfeelsbecauseofthissituationmaybebestexplainedbytheconceptofa.biologicalmaturation.b.asocialclock.c.plasticity.d.historicalchange.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.22.Diversitycanbebasedona.raceorethnicity,butnotsocioeconomicstatus.b.raceorsocioeconomicstatus,butnotethnicity.c.ethnicityorsocioeconomicstatus,butnotrace.d.race,ethnicity,orsocioeconomicstatus.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.23.Whencomparedtothosefrommiddle-orupper-incomefamilies,individualsfromlower-incomefamiliestendtoa.reachmilestonesofadulthoodearlier.b.reachmilestonesofadulthoodlater.c.neverreachmilestonesofadulthood.d.reachmilestonesofadulthoodatthesametime.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.24.Whichstatementconcerningthepre-seventeenthcenturyconceptionofchildhoodismostaccurate?a.Pre-seventeenthcenturyadultsbelievedthatchildrenweresimplyminiatureadults.b.Pre-seventeenthcenturyadultsdidnotdisciplinetheirchildrenbecauseinfantswerethoughttobemorallypure.c.Pre-seventeenthcenturyadultsforcedchildrentogrowupataveryslowpace.d.Pre-seventeenthcenturyadultsheldviewstowardchildhoodthataredifferentfrommostmodernparents.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,

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andsubculturalcontexts.25.Whichdistinctperiodofdevelopmentwasthefirsttoberecognized?a.Childhoodb.Adolescencec.Middleaged.OldageANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.26.Thetermemergingadulthoodreferstoindividualsfromaboutagea.11to17.b.18to29.c.29to37.d.38to46.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.27.Hermesiscurrentlyinthe“emergingadulthood”stageofdevelopment.Assuch,hewouldmostlikelya.beleadingaverystablelife.b.feeladultlikeinallways.c.befocusedonothersratherthanhimself.d.believeinalifeoflimitlesspossibilities.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.28.Whichstatementbestcharacterizesindividualsinthe“emergingadulthood”periodofdevelopment?a.Youngpeoplewhoareadolescentsbutnotadultsb.Youngpeoplewhoareneitheradolescentsnoradultsc.Oldpeoplewhoareadultsbutnotelderlyd.OldpeoplewhoareneitheradultsnorelderlyANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.KEYWORDS:WWW29.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheaveragelifeexpectancyintheUnitedStates?a.Itishigherforblackfemalesthanforwhitemales.

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b.Ithasmorethandoubledsince1900.c.Itishigherforblackmalesthanwhitemales.d.Itis18yearsgreaterforfemalesthanformales.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.30.TheaveragelifeexpectancyforanewbornintheUnitedStatesis_____years.a.73b.78c.83d.88ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.31.WhichUnitedStates-bornnewbornwouldcurrentlyhavethelongestlifeexpectancy?a.Donny,whoisawhitemaleb.Marie,whoisawhitefemalec.Michael,whoisanAfrican-Americanmaled.Janet,whoisanAfrican-AmericanfemaleANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.32.By2030,whenmostmembersofthebabyboomgenerationwillhaveretired,adults65andolderwillrepresentapproximatelywhatpercentageoftheU.S.population?a.10%b.20%c.30%d.40%ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.2-1.1.Explainandillustratetheroleplayedbyagegrades,agenorms,andthesocialclockinmakinghumandevelopmentdifferentindifferenthistorical,cultural,andsubculturalcontexts.33.Thequestionofhowbiologicalandenvironmentalforcesimpactdevelopmentisreferredtoasthe_____issue.a.continuity-discontinuityb.passive-activec.nature-nurtured.proximal-distalANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:Moderate

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REFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.34.Maturationisbestdefinedasa.anyphysicalchangesthatoccurfromconceptiontomaturity.b.thebiologicalunfoldingofgeneticpotential.c.thephysicalgains,changes,andlossesacrossthelifespan.d.theeffectsofexperienceonthoughts,feelings,andbehavior.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.35.Whichbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenmaturationandgenes?a.Maturationisdrivenbyaplancontainedinthegenes.b.Maturationisthenaturesideofdevelopment,andgenesarethenurturesideofdevelopment.c.Maturationistheprocessbywhichgeneslearn.d.Genesandmaturationareunrelatedconcepts.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.36.Whichofthefollowingrepresentsamaturationalprocess?a.Beingtaughthowtopayattentionb.Changingone’sviolentwaysastheresultofspendingtimeinprisonc.Learningtotieyourshoesd.ThedevelopmentofpubichairduringpubertyANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.37.Environmentalimpactsincludeall_____thatinfluenceourdevelopment.a.externalphysicalandsocialconditionsb.externalgeneticandsocialconditionsc.internalphysicalandsocialconditionsd.internalgeneticandsocialconditionsANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.38.Learningisdefinedastheprocessthroughwhich_____bringsaboutrelativelypermanentchangesinactions,

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thoughts,orfeelings.a.maturationb.geneticsc.instinctsd.experienceANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.39.Natureistonurtureasa.maturationistolearning.b.experienceistogenetics.c.psychologyistobiology.d.positiveistonegative.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.40.Maturationistolearningasa.genesaretosocialexperience.b.knowingistodoing.c.theenvironmentistoheredity.d.practiceistoinstinct.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.41.Ifallyouknowisthatmencommitmoreviolentcrimesthanwomen,youcanmostaccuratelyconcludethata.genesalonecauseaggression.b.womenelicitviolentbehaviorinmen.c.genderrolesalonecauseaggression.d.adifferenceinthelevelofabehaviorexists,butthecausemayinvolvehereditaryand/orenvironmentalfactors.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.42.Livingnearanoisyairportcaninterferewithachild'slearninghowtoread.Thisisanexampleoftheeffectsofa.maturation.b.physicalenvironment.c.gene-environmentinteraction.d.socioeconomicenvironment.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:Moderate

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REFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.43.Thefactthatsexdifferencesinaggressionaregreatestinpatrilinealculturessuggeststhata.genesforaggressionmostlikelycomefromfathers.b.culturalstandardsplayasignificantroleindeterminingaggression.c.boysarenaturallymoreaggressivethangirls.d.primitivesocietieswerelikelylessaggressivethanmodernsocieties.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.44.Thedeteriorationoforganisms(includinghumans)thatleadsinevitablytotheirdeathisbestcalleda.biologicalagingb.maturationc.agingd.declineANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.45.Whattermbestdescribesthephysicalchangesthatoccurfromconceptiontomaturity?a.growthb.individuationc.developmentd.maturationANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.46.Whichofthefollowingisinconsistentwiththegain-stability-lossmodel?a.Physicalstrengthincreasesuntilearlyadulthoodandthendecreases.b.Theagesatwhichchildrenandadolescentsbecomesexuallymaturevariesacrosscultures.c.Adultsaged60andolderscorehigheronvocabularyteststhanadultsaged18to30.d.Thereisnouniversally-recognizedindicatorof"adulthood."ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.47.Theobservationthatchildrengainmanycognitiveabilitiesastheygetolderbutalsoloseself-esteemandbecomemorepronetodepressionisa.consistentwiththegain-stabilitylossmodel.

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b.inconsistentwitha"nature"approachtodevelopment.c.inconsistentwiththegain-stability-lossmodel.d.consistentwitha"nurture"approachtodevelopment.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.48.Dorianisastrongsupporterofthe"gain-stability-loss"model.Thismeansthatshemostlikelya.rejectstheinevitablyofage-associateddeclinesincognition.b.believesallchildrendevelopataboutthesamerates.c.recognizesthatthereareage-associatedlossesinfunction.d.focusesonearlydevelopmentratherthanaging.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.49.Thepsychologistassociatedwiththeideaofemergingadulthoodisa.Cruikshankb.Arnettc.Neugartend.BurtonANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.50.Developmentoftheideaofadolescenceoccurredasa.moreindustrializationandaneducatedlaborforcerequiredlawsthatrestrictedchildlaborandmadeschoolingcompulsory.b.recognitionoftherisksassociatedwithearlychildbearingledtoincreasesintheageatwhichfemalescouldbemarried.c.thecriminaljusticesystemrecognizedthatteenagers,whiledifferentfromchildren,didnotpossessthereasoningcapabilitiesofadults.d.thewestwardexpansionoftheUnitedStatescreatedaneedforayoung,strong,healthyworkforce.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.51.Theconstructofmiddle-ageemergedwhena.amoreeducatedworkforcecontinuedworkinglonger.b.increasedconsumerismintheearly20thCenturycreatedadesireforgreaterwealth.c.thelossofhealthyyoungmenduringWorldWarsIandIIcreatedanexcessofhealthy,marriageableyoung

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women.d.20th-centuryparentsbegantobearfewerchildrenandlivelongenoughtoseetheirchildrengrowupandleavehome.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.52.Thetwentiethcentury'suniqueadditiontothedefinitionofoldageistheideaofa.dementia.b.ageism.c.inevitabledecline.d.retirement.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.1HowShouldWeThinkaboutDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.1.3-1.1.Summarizetheextremepositionsonecantakeon"nature-nurture"issueandthepositionmostdevelopmentalscientiststodaytake.53.Dr.BenjaminSpockwroteapopularbookforparents,providinginformationonwhatbehaviorscanbeexpectedoftypicalinfantsatspecificages.Thissortofpublicationprimarilyreflectswhichgoalofdevelopmentalpsychology?a.Predictionb.Optimizationc.Explanationd.DescriptionANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.2WhatIstheScienceofLife-SpanDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.4-1.2.Summarizethefourgoalsofthescienceoflife-spandevelopmentanddescribehowthestudyofhumandevelopmentbegan.54.ThetitleofDr.Doublemint’slatestbestsellerisWhyIdenticalTwinsDifferfromEachOther.Giventhistitle,itissafetoassumethatDr.Doublemint’sprimaryinterestisinthe_____goalofpsychology.a.predictionb.optimizationc.explanationd.descriptionANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.2WhatIstheScienceofLife-SpanDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.4-1.2.Summarizethefourgoalsofthescienceoflife-spandevelopmentanddescribehowthestudyofhumandevelopmentbegan.55.Vueisadevelopmentalpsychologistwhoisconcernedwithhelpingadolescentslearntodealconstructivelywithdivorce.Herworkfocusesprimarilyonwhichgoalofdevelopmentalpsychology?a.Predictionb.Optimizationc.Explanationd.DescriptionANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.2WhatIstheScienceofLife-SpanDevelopment?

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LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.4-1.2.Summarizethefourgoalsofthescienceoflife-spandevelopmentanddescribehowthestudyofhumandevelopmentbegan.56.Whenmakingadecisiononwhetherornottofollowthelatestdiettrend,Jillianfocusesonwhatthebestscientificresearchhastosayaboutthetopicofnutrition.ThisindicatesthatJillianbelievesinengagingin_____practice.a.speculativeb.ethnocentricc.evidence-basedd.emergingANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.2WhatIstheScienceofLife-SpanDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.4-1.2.Summarizethefourgoalsofthescienceoflife-spandevelopmentanddescribehowthestudyofhumandevelopmentbegan.57.Inthenineteenthcentury,scholarsbegantosystematicallyrecordthegrowthanddevelopmentoftheirownchildren.Thepublishedversionsoftheseobservationswereknownasa.quasi-experiments.b.timeofmeasurementpapers.c.meta-analyses.d.babybiographies.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.2WhatIstheScienceofLife-SpanDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.4-1.2.Summarizethefourgoalsofthescienceoflife-spandevelopmentanddescribehowthestudyofhumandevelopmentbegan.58._____isoftencitedasthemostinfluentialofthebabybiographers.a.G.StanleyHallb.CharlesDarwinc.SigmundFreudd.JeanPiagetANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.2WhatIstheScienceofLife-SpanDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.4-1.2.Summarizethefourgoalsofthescienceoflife-spandevelopmentanddescribehowthestudyofhumandevelopmentbegan.59.Whoismostoftencitedasthefounderofdevelopmentalpsychology?a.G.StanleyHallb.CharlesDarwinc.SigmundFreudd.JeanPiagetANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.2WhatIstheScienceofLife-SpanDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.4-1.2.Summarizethefourgoalsofthescienceoflife-spandevelopmentanddescribehowthestudyofhumandevelopmentbegan.60.InhisbookAdolescence(1904),G.StanleyHalldescribedtheperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthoodasatimeofa.senescence.b.plasticity.

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c.stormandstress.d.funandexploration.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.2WhatIstheScienceofLife-SpanDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.4-1.2.Summarizethefourgoalsofthescienceoflife-spandevelopmentanddescribehowthestudyofhumandevelopmentbegan.61.FrancinehasjustpurchasedacopyofG.StanleyHall’s1922bookSenescenceforherself.Thisindicatesthatsheislikelyveryinterestedinthetopicofa.mentalillness.b.language.c.bioecology.d.oldage.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.2WhatIstheScienceofLife-SpanDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.4-1.2.Summarizethefourgoalsofthescienceoflife-spandevelopmentanddescribehowthestudyofhumandevelopmentbegan.62.Dr.Johnsonexclusivelyresearcheshowpeopleadapttoeconomic,psychological,andphysicalchangesinoldage.Giventhisemphasis,Dr.Johnsonappearstobea(n)a.lifespandevelopmentalist.b.anthropologist.c.pubescencespecialist.d.gerontologist.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.2WhatIstheScienceofLife-SpanDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.5-1.2.Listandillustratethesevenkeyassumptionsofthemodern-life-spanperspective.63.WhichstatementisNOTanassumptionofthelifespanperspective?a.Developmentisshapedbyhistoricalcontext.b.Developmentcantakemultipledirections.c.Developmentfocusesongainsnotlosses.d.Understandingdevelopmentrequiresmultipledisciplines.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.2WhatIstheScienceofLife-SpanDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.5-1.2.Listandillustratethesevenkeyassumptionsofthemodern-life-spanperspective.64.Sixty-year-oldKwanhasledalifefilledwithups(aprosperouscareer)anddowns(abattlewithbreastcancer)andcontinuestomaintainthecapacitytochangeinresponsetosuchexperiences.AlifespandevelopmentalpsychologistwouldlikelysaythatKwanhasa.aflawedsocialclock.b.greatplasticity.c.minimallongevity.d.maturationalgrief.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.2WhatIstheScienceofLife-SpanDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.5-1.2.Listandillustratethesevenkeyassumptionsofthemodern-life-spanperspective.

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65.Whichbestexemplifiestheconceptofneuroplasticity?a.Theabilitytouseyourarmtodrawafterthearmwasseverelybrokenb.Thedevelopmentofthickerheartmusclesinoldageafterundertakinganaerobicexerciseclassc.Theproductionoflargeamountsoftestosteroneduringpubertyd.TheformationofnewbraincellconnectionsastheresultofreadingabookANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.2WhatIstheScienceofLife-SpanDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.5-1.2.Listandillustratethesevenkeyassumptionsofthemodern-life-spanperspective.66.ThefactthatmanyadultmaleswholivedthroughtheGreatDepressionlaterhaderraticcareersandunstablemarriagesexemplifiesa.theimpactofhistoricalcontextondevelopment.b.themultidirectionalnatureofdevelopment.c.maturation.d.thebabyboomgeneration.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.2WhatIstheScienceofLife-SpanDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.5-1.2.Listandillustratethesevenkeyassumptionsofthemodern-life-spanperspective.67.Accordingtothelifespanperspective,developmentisa.singularlyinfluencedandinvolvesasinglediscipline.b.multiplyinfluencedandinvolvesasinglediscipline.c.singularlyinfluencedandinvolvesmultipledisciplines.d.multiplyinfluencedandinvolvesmultipledisciplines.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.2WhatIstheScienceofLife-SpanDevelopment?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.2.5-1.2.Listandillustratethesevenkeyassumptionsofthemodern-life-spanperspective.68.Thescientificmethodisbestcharacterizedasa.neitheramethodnoranattitude.b.amethodbutnotanattitude.c.anattitudebutnotamethod.d.bothamethodandanattitude.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.69.Thekeyelementofthescientificmethodisthebeliefthat_____shoulddeterminethemeritsofanidea.a.systematicobservationb.logicc.debated.intuition

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ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.70.Atheoryisbestdefinedasaa.setofconceptsandpropositionsusedtocontroldevelopmentaloutcomes.b.setofconceptsandpropositionsintendedtodescribeandexplainsomeaspectofexperience.c.factualdescriptionofdevelopmentalphenomena.d.seriesofsystematictestsofallavailablehypotheses.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.71.Dr.WellshasproposedthatthecenteroftheEarthconsistsoflargeopenareasthatcontainairandwaterandmaybeinhabitedbysomelifeform.Thispropositionisbestdescribedasaa.fact.b.hypothesis.c.theory.d.correlation.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.72.Aspecificpredictionaboutwhatwillholdtrueifweobserveaphenomenoniscalledaa.fact.b.hypothesis.c.theory.d.correlation.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.73.Afterobservingtheinteractionbetweenrivalstreetgangs,Jetpredictsthatfightingbetweenthegangswoulddecreasesignificantlyiftheexisting“colors”(clothing)ofthetwogangs(oneblackandonered)werechangedtopinkandyellow.Thispredictionismostaccuratelythoughtofasaa.fact.b.hypothesis.c.theory.d.correlation.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.

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74.Basedonanobservationatalocalfast-foodrestaurant,Dr.Colbypredictsthatmorepeoplewillbuyahamburgerifitiscoveredwithcheese.Thispredictionismostaccuratelythoughtofasaa.fact.b.hypothesis.c.theory.d.correlation.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.75.Ifaskedtolistthecharacteristicsofagoodtheory,youshouldAVOIDsayinga.speculative.b.supportedbydata.c.internallyconsistent.d.falsifiable.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.76.Dr.VandepolderisconductingastudyonAmericanMidwestcollegestudents'radio-listeninghabits.Hedoesn'thavetheresourcestosurveyallcollegestudentsintheMidwest,soheusescensusdatatorandomlyselectagroupofseveralthousandstudentsfromMichigan,Wisconsin,Illinois,andMinnesotatoparticipateinthestudy.Inthisstudy,thegroupofallAmericanMidwestcollegestudentsiscalledthe_____,whilethegrouprandomlyselectedfromMichigan,Wisconsin,Illinois,andMinnesotaiscalledthe_____.a.sample;controlgroupb.sample;populationc.controlgroup;populationd.population;sampleANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.77.RebawantstoexaminetheTV-viewinghabitsof18-to25-year-oldmalesintheUnitedStates.Asitisquiteimpossibletoincludeallmalesofthisagegroupinherstudy,sheselectsasmallergroupof18-to25-yearoldmalestosurvey.Themalesincludedinherstudyarecalleda(n)a.population.b.sample.c.controlgroup.d.agegrade.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.78.Trojaninterviewsagroupof50teenmotherstodeterminewhatsortofknowledgetheyholdregardinguseofcontraceptivespriortothetimetheybecamepregnant.Hethenwritesanarticlewherehespeaksinbroadtermsaboutwhatteenmothersknowabouttheuseofcontraceptivespriortobecomingpregnant.Inthisstudy,thegroupof50teenmothersiscalledthe_____,whileallteenmothersarecollectivelycalledthe_____.a.controlgroup;populationb.population;samplec.sample;controlgroupd.sample;population

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ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.79.Themajorgoalbehindrandomsamplingistoensurethatthea.dataisfalsifiable.b.sampleisrepresentativeofthepopulation.c.projectwillnotbecostly.d.populationislarge.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.80.WhichisNOTamajorshortcomingofself-reports?a.Standardizingtheself-reportmeasureresultsindifficultyincomparingtheresponsesoftwodifferentindividualswhohavecompletedtheself-report.b.Respondentsmaygivesociallydesirableanswerssotheresearchersthinkmorepositivelyofthem.c.Thesetypesofreportsaredifficulttousewithveryyoungchildren.d.Languageabilitiesbetweenpeopleofdifferentagescanmakeinterpretationofresultsdifficult.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.81.Dr.Huisinterestedinchildren'saffectiveresponsestostudyingscience.Shespendsmanyhourssittingquietlyandobservinginelementaryschoolclassroomsduringscienceinstruction,andmakescarefulnotesonallsheobserves.Whileobserving,Dr.Huiscarefulnottointeractwiththechildrenortointerferewiththeirbehaviorinanyway.Thisformofdatacollectionisknownasa.self-reportinvestigation.b.naturalisticobservation.c.structuredobservation.d.casestudyanalysis.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.6-1.682.DevelopmentalpsychologistDr.Wigglesisinterestedinpreschoolchildren'shelpingbehavior.Hespendshourswatchingchildrenatthecampuspreschool,takinggreatcarenottointerferewiththechildrenortoinfluencetheirbehaviorinanyway.WhatdatacollectiontechniqueisDr.Wigglesusing?a.Casestudyb.Naturalisticobservationc.Meta-analysisd.StructuredobservationANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?

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LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.83.Thegreatestadvantageofthenaturalisticobservationmethodisthatita.cantelluswhatpeopledoineverydaylife.b.iseasilyconductedinalaboratorysetting.c.readilyleadstothediscoveryofcause-effectrelationships.d.untanglesageeffectsfromcohorteffects.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.84.WhichistrueofALLstructuredobservations?a.Thedataisanalyzedusinginferentialstatistics.b.Theytakeplaceoutsideofthelaboratorysetting.c.Theymeasuresomeverbalresponse.d.Theresearchercreatesaspecialconditiontoelicitabehavior.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.85.Dr.Dréisveryinterestedininfants’reactionstodifferentmusicstyles.Inordertostudythephenomena,hebuiltaspeciallabcribcontainingaudiospeakers.Hethenindividuallybringssix-month-oldsintothelab,placestheminthecrib,playsrapmusic,andwatcheseachbaby’sreactions.Giventhisdescription,Dr.Dréappearstobeusingthe_____technique.a.self-reportinvestigationb.naturalisticobservationc.structuredobservationd.casestudyanalysisANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.86.Abrainscanismostaccuratelycategorizedasaa.naturalisticobservation.b.physiologicalmeasure.c.structuredobservation.d.quasi-experiment.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.87.AnfMRIusesmagneticforcestomeasure_____inanactiveareaofthebrain.

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a.bloodflowb.neurotransmitterlevelsc.dendriticexpansiond.hormoneoutputANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.88.Themainlimitationofphysiologicalmeasuresisthata.responsestosuchmeasuresareeasytofake.b.theycannotbeusedtoassessemotionalreactions.c.itisnotalwaysclearwhatisbeingassessed.d.theycannotbeusedtostudyinfants.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.89.Whichtypeofstudyalwaysinvolvesanin-depthexaminationofonespecificindividualoraverysmallnumberofindividuals?a.Cross-sectionalstudyb.Quasi-experimentalstudyc.Longitudinalstudyd.CasestudyANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.90.Themainlimitationofthecasestudymethodisthata.resultsmaynotgeneralizetoothers.b.inferentialstatisticsmustbeusedinitsanalysis.c.itis“tooartificial”asitistypicallyconductedinthelaboratory.d.itdoesnotprovideanydetailaboutanindividual’sbehavior.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.6-1.3.Summarizethescientificmethodandthechoicesinvolvedinselectingasampleandchoosingdatacollectionmethods.91.Inapsychologicalexperiment,aresearcheralwaysa.manipulatessomeaspectoftheenvironmentandthenmeasurestheeffectonbehavior.b.usesacontrolgroup.c.randomlyassignsparticipantstoaminimumofthreedifferentinstancesoftheindependentvariable.d.teststheentirepopulation.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:Easy

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REFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.92.ProfessorPlumbisinterestedintheimpactoffruitconsumptiononmemory.Heidentifiesagroupofcollegestudentstoserveasresearchparticipants.Thenherandomlyassignsthemtooneofthreeconditions.Incondition1,thestudentseatnofruitforaweek.Incondition2,studentseatonepoundoffruiteachdayforoneweek.Thosestudentsassignedtocondition3eatfivepoundsoffruiteachdayforoneweek.Attheendoftheweek,ProfessorPlumbmeasuresthestudents’memoryrecallforalistof20words.Giventhisdescription,ProfessorPlumbappearstobeusinga(n)_____researchtechnique.a.correlationalb.meta-analysisc.experimentald.biographicalANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.93.Atrueexperimentinvolvesthe_____oftheindependentvariable.a.manipulationb.measurementc.eliminationd.correlationANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.94.ApsychologistmeasurestheIQsof20studentswhoingesteda“smartpill”and20studentswhoingesteda“sugarpill”inordertodetermineifthepillhadaneffectonintelligence.Toensurepeakperformance,shetestsallofthestudentsonWednesdays.Inthisexperiment,theindependentvariableisthea.dayoftheweek.b.pilltype.c.IQscore.d.sexoftheresearcher.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.95.IntheFriedrichandSteinstudyontheinfluenceoftelevisiononaggression,thetypeoftelevisionshowwatched(aggressive,prosocial,orneutral)representedthe____variableintheexperiment.a.extraneousb.dependentc.independentd.confoundingANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.

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96.Inanexperimentaldesign,thebehaviorbeingmeasurediscalledthe_____variable.a.extraneousb.dependentc.independentd.confoundingANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.97.ApsychologistmeasurestheIQsof20studentswhoingesteda“smartpill”and20studentswhoingesteda“sugarpill”inordertodetermineifthepillhadaneffectonintelligence.Toensurepeakperformance,shetestsallofthestudentsonWednesdays.Inthisexperiment,thedependentvariableisthea.dayoftheweek.b.pilltype.c.IQscore.d.sexoftheresearcher.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.98.Astudyisdoneexaminingwhetherrewardingchildrenforgoodbehaviorincreasestheamountoftimestudentsspendstudying.Inthisstudy,theamountoftimespentstudyingwouldbethe_____variable.a.controlb.dependentc.confoundingd.independentANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.99.InDeLoache'sstudyoftherelationshipbetweentypesoftrainingandvocabularyacquisition,vocabularyacquisitionrepresentedthe_____variableintheexperiment.a.extraneousb.dependentc.independentd.confoundingANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.100.Randomassignmenthelpsensurea.cohorteffects.b.differencesexistbetweentreatmentgroupspriortothetreatment.c.ageeffects.d.similarityoftreatmentgroupspriortothetreatment.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?

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LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.101.WhichisNOTahallmarkofatrueexperiment?a.Controloverresponsesonthedependentmeasureb.Manipulationofanindependentvariablec.Controloverextraneousvariablesd.RandomassignmentofparticipantstoexperimentalconditionsANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.102.Faithwantstoknowwhetherthereisacause-effectrelationshipbetweentheamountoftimeparentsspendreadingtotheirchildrenandtheirchildren'sattitudestowardreading.WhattypeofresearchdesignshouldFaithuse?a.Cross-sectionalb.Experimentalc.Longitudinald.NaturalisticobservationANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.103.Akeylimitationoftheexperimentalmethodisthatita.cannotbeusedtoidentifycause-and-effect.b.isveryexpensive.c.cannotbeusedtoassessmanyinterestingquestionsduetoethicalreasons.d.doesanexcellentjobofexplainingreal-worldexperience,butdoesnotdoagoodjobofexplainingwhathappensinthelaboratory.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.104.WhatpointwasUrieBronfenbrennerattemptingtomakewhenhesaidthatdevelopmentalpsychologyhadbecome,“thescienceofthestrangebehaviorofchildreninstrangesituationswithstrangeadults”?a.Moderndevelopmentalpsychologyistoofocusedonlaboratoryresearch.b.Moderndevelopmentalpsychologypaystoomuchattentiontoexceptionalchildrenandnotenoughtonormalchildren.c.Moderndevelopmentalpsychologyistooworriedabouttheimpactofearlychildhoodabusebyparents.d.Moderndevelopmentalpsychologyconductsfartoofewexperiments.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.

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105.Thekeydistinctionbetweenatrueexperimentandaquasi-experimentisthatinquasi-experiments,a.researchisconductedinthe“realworld”notinthelaboratory.b.individualsarenotrandomlyassignedtodifferenttreatments.c.nostatisticalanalysisisconducted.d.thereisalwaysacontrolgroup.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.106.Dr.Rambowantstodeterminewhethertherearesexdifferencesinreactionstotelevisedviolence.Heasksmaleandfemaleparticipantstowatcha15-minutevideoclipofaviolentprogramandthencompletearatingscale.Rambo’sresearchprojectisbestclassifiedasa(n)a.trueexperiment.b.quasi-experiment.c.naturalistobservation.d.interview.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.107.Thefundamentalquestionaddressedbythecorrelationalmethodisa.“DoesvariableAcausevariableB?”b.“Howisacontrolgroupinfluencedbytheabsenceofanindependentvariable?”c.“Whatimpactdoesrandomassignmenthaveonpsychologicalbehavior?”d.“Aretwoormorevariablesrelatedinsomesystematicway?”ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.108.Inthefieldofdevelopmentalpsychology,themainreasonthatthecorrelationalmethodisusedmoreoftenthanexperimentalmethodsisbecausea.correlationsaremoreeffectiveataddressingtheissueofcause.b.ofethicalconcerns.c.correlationalresearchissignificantlymorescientificallyrigorous.d.oftheavailabilityofcomputers.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.109.Dr.Fillwantstostudytherelationshipbetweendrugaddictionandbeingthevictimofchildabuse.AsDr.Fillisan

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ethicalresearcher,hewouldhavetoconducta(n)_____study.a.experimentalb.correlationalc.laboratoryd.cross-sectionalANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.110.Tomfindsacorrelationof+.81betweennumberofyearsinschoolandsalaryoffirstjob.Thiswouldmeanthata.themoreeducationonehas,thelowerhisorherstartingsalaryislikelytobe.b.themoreeducationonehas,thehigherhisorherstartingsalaryislikelytobe.c.educationdetermineswhetherornotsomeonewillgetajobaftergraduation.d.increasesineducationcauseemployerstoofferhighersalaries.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.111.Ifthecorrelationbetweenlisteningtocountrymusicandpassinggeneralpsychologyisfoundtobe-.8,thenonecouldrightlyconcludethat_____countrymusiclistenerspasstheclass.a.allb.mostc.fewd.noANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.112.MarafindsthatthecorrelationbetweenvariablesAandBis+.43,whilethecorrelationbetweenvariablesAandCis-.78.Theseresultsindicatethata.thecorrelationbetweenAandCisstrongerthanthecorrelationbetweenAandB.b.thecorrelationbetweenAandBisstrongerthanthecorrelationbetweenAandC.c.variableAcausesvariableBbutnotvariableC.d.variableAcausesbothvariablesBandC.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.113.Smokingcigarettesandhavinglungcancerarehighlycorrelatedevents,andpeopleoftenlogicallyconcludethatsmokingmustcausethecancer.Itishypotheticallypossible,however,thathavinglungcancercausesonetocravenicotineandthusitleadstosmoking.Thisexampleillustratestheissueofa.thethirdvariable.b.areversedcause-effectrelationship.c.timeofmeasurementeffects.d.plasticity.ANSWER:b

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DIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.114.Researchhasshownapositivecorrelationbetweentheamountoftimechildrenspendwatchingtelevisionandtheirlevelsofaggression.Itispossiblethattheactualcauseofthisrelationshipinvolvesharshparentswhoactaggressivelytowardchildren(teachingthemtobeaggressive)andwhoseviolenceleadschildrentoavoidthematallcosts(includingbywatchingtelevision).Thisexampleillustratestheissueofa.thethirdvariable.b.areversedcause-effectrelationship.c.timeofmeasurementeffects.d.plasticity.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.115.Ameta-analysisisbestdescribedasa.astudyusingnumerouspreviousstudies.b.acontrolledlaboratoryexperiment.c.anunstructuredinterview.d.alongitudinaldesignstudy.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.116.Inordertostudytheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren’sbehavior,Dr.Squarepantssynthesizestheresultsfrom150studieslookingattheinfluenceofcartoonsonchildren’smoraldevelopment.Giventhisdescription,Dr.Squarepantsappearstobeusingthe_____researchtechnique.a.naturalisticobservationb.meta-analysisc.structuredobservationd.sequentialdesignANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.7-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecasestudy,experimental,andcorrelationalmethods.117.Whichstatementbestdescribesthebasicpremiseofthecross-sectionalresearchdesign?a.Assessdifferentagegroups(e.g.,5-,10-,15-year-olds)atthesametime(e.g.,duringthesameweek)b.Assessthesameagegroup(e.g.,only5-year-olds)atthesametime(e.g.,duringthesameweek)c.Assessdifferentagegroups(e.g.,5-,10-,15-year-olds)atdifferenttimes(e.g.,5-year-oldsin2003,10-year-oldsin2004,and15-year-oldsin2005)d.Assessthesamegroup(e.g.,5-year-olds)atdifferenttimes(e.g.,firsttestwhenkidsare5,thenwhentheyare10,andfinallywhentheyturn15)ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecross-sectional,

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longitudinal,andsequentialdesigns.118.Whoisusingacross-sectionalresearchdesign?a.Fred,whoisassessingstudyhabitsinfifthgradersinthreedifferentcountriesb.Barney,whoisassessingthestudyhabitsinagroupoffifthgradersandwhowillfollowandassessthissamegroupwhentheygettoeighthandtheneleventhgradec.Wilma,whoissimultaneouslytestingthestudyhabitsoffifth,eighth,andeleventhgradersd.Betty,whoisassessingthestudyhabitsoffifthgradersintheyear2003,andplanstoassesseighth-graders’studyhabitsin2004andeleventhgraders’habitsin2005ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecross-sectional,longitudinal,andsequentialdesigns.119.Forherseniorproject,Shantaewantstostudychildren'smoralreasoning.Duringthefallsemester,sheinterviews20individualsineachofthefollowinggrades:first,fourth,seventh,tenth,andcollegesophomores.Sheaskseachparticipanttosolveapracticalmoraldilemma.WhatsortofresearchdesignisShantaeusing?a.Cross-sectionalb.Experimentalc.Longitudinald.SequentialANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecross-sectional,longitudinal,andsequentialdesigns.120.A_____isagroupofpeopleborninaspecified,limitedspanofyears(e.g.,the1960s).a.cohortb.cross-sectionc.populationd.sampleANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecross-sectional,longitudinal,andsequentialdesigns.121.Thefactthatindividualswhowerebornin1980willdevelopdifferentlythanindividualsbornin1880isbestexplainedusingtheconceptof_____effects.a.ageb.microsystemc.cohortd.socialclockANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecross-sectional,longitudinal,andsequentialdesigns.122.Inwhichresearchdesignareagedifferencesandcohortdifferenceshopelesslytangled?a.Cross-culturalb.Cross-sectionalc.Longitudinald.Sequential

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ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecross-sectional,longitudinal,andsequentialdesigns.123.WhileIamthefastesttoconductresearchdesign,onebigdisadvantageIhaveisthatIdonotgenerateinformationaboutthedevelopmentofindividuals.WhichresearchmethodamI?a.Cross-culturalb.Cross-sectionalc.Longitudinald.SequentialANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecross-sectional,longitudinal,andsequentialdesigns.124.Ina(n)______researchdesign,theperformanceofonegroupofindividualsisassessedrepeatedlyacrossaportionofthelifespan.a.cross-sectionalb.experimentalc.longitudinald.sequentialANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecross-sectional,longitudinal,andsequentialdesigns.125.Whoisusingalongitudinalresearchdesign?a.George,whoisassessingeatinghabitsof40-year-oldsinthreedifferentcountriesb.Jane,whoisassessingtheeatinghabitsinagroupof40-year-olds,andwhowillfollowandassessthissamegroupwhentheygettoages60and80c.Elroy,whoissimultaneouslytestingtheeatinghabitsof40-,60-,and80-year-oldsd.Judy,whoisassessingtheeatinghabitsof40-year-oldsintheyear2014,andplanstoassess60-year-olds’eatinghabitsin2019and80-year-olds’habitsin2024ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecross-sectional,longitudinal,andsequentialdesigns.126.Olgaisinterestedinhowpeopledevelopstrategiesforconflictresolution.Sheselectsagroupofpreschoolers,andusesbothinterviewsandnaturalisticobservationtoexploretheirapproachestodealingwithconflict.Everytwoyearsthereafter,Olgaagaininterviewsandobservesthissamegroupofyoungsters,concludingherstudywhenthechildrenreachadolescence.Olgahasbeenusinga_____researchdesign.a.behavioralobservationb.cross-sectionalc.longitudinald.sequentialANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?

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LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecross-sectional,longitudinal,andsequentialdesigns.127.Theimpactonresearchfindingsproducedbyhistoricaleventsoccurringatthemomentthedatawerecollectedarereferredtoas_____effects.a.meta-analysisb.placeboc.aged.timeofmeasurementANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecross-sectional,longitudinal,andsequentialdesigns.128.Inwhichtypeofstudyaretheeffectsofageandtheeffectsoftimeofmeasurementconfoundedwithoneanother?a.Correlationalb.Cross-sectionalc.Longitudinald.SequentialANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecross-sectional,longitudinal,andsequentialdesigns.129.Measuringdifferentagegroupsofsubjectsrepeatedlyatdifferentperiodsintimeiscalleda______design.a.longitudinalb.cross-sectionalc.sequentiald.cross-culturalANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecross-sectional,longitudinal,andsequentialdesigns.130.Solisinvestigatingtheeffectsofdivorceonchildren'sself-esteem.Hisinitialsampleconsistsofagroupof10five-year-olds,whichheplanstofollowoveraperiodofatleast15years.Whenthisgroupofchildrenreachesage15,Soladdsasecondgroupoffive-year-oldstohisstudy,andplanstofollowthemforanother15years.Sol’soverallplanisbestclassifiedasa_____researchdesign.a.correlationalb.cross-sectionalc.longitudinald.sequentialANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecross-sectional,longitudinal,andsequentialdesigns.131.Onlythe_____designallowsaresearchertopotentiallyseparateouteffectsofage,cohort,andtimeofmeasurement.a.cross-sectionalb.experimentalc.longitudinald.sequentialANSWER:d

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DIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.3HowIsDevelopmentStudied?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.3.8-1.3.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofthecross-sectional,longitudinal,andsequentialdesigns.132.Socioeconomicstatusaffectsthedevelopmentofa.bothlower-andhigher-SESindividuals.b.lower-SESbutnothigher-SESindividuals.c.higher-SESbutnotlower-SESindividuals.d.neitherlower-norhigher-SESindividuals.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.4WhatSpecialChallengesDoDevelopmentalScientistsFace?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.4.9-1.4.Discussthechallengesinconductingculturallysensitiveresearch.133.Ethnocentrismisthebeliefthata.itisbettertothinkofothersashavinga“deficit”thanbeing“different.”b.one’sowncultureissuperior.c.itiseasiertounderstandthepositionofpeopledifferentfromone’sself.d.racedoesnotimpactbehavior.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.4WhatSpecialChallengesDoDevelopmentalScientistsFace?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.4.9-1.4.Discussthechallengesinconductingculturallysensitiveresearch.134.Whileconsideringanewstudy,Creedisconcernedthatthestimulusheisusingmightfrightentheinfantsheistesting.ThisindicatesthatCreedisfocusingona.meta-analysis.b.acorrelationaldesign.c.asequentialdesign.d.researchethics.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:1.4WhatSpecialChallengesDoDevelopmentalScientistsFace?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.4.10-1.4.Explainthefourmajorethicalobligationsofinvestigatorstotheirresearchparticipants.135.TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationandtheSocietyforResearchonChildDevelopmentguidelinesforethicsinresearchstipulateallofthefollowingEXCEPTa.informedconsent.b.theavoidanceofphysicalandpsychologicalharm.c.debriefingparticipants.d.testingparticipantsusingmultiplemeasures.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:1.4WhatSpecialChallengesDoDevelopmentalScientistsFace?LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:LSHD.SIGE.14.1.4.10-1.4.Explainthefourmajorethicalobligationsofinvestigatorsto

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