CramX Logo
RegisterLog in
NCLEX Style Cardiac Cycle and Heart Function Study - Document preview page 1

NCLEX Style Cardiac Cycle and Heart Function Study - Page 1

Document preview content for NCLEX Style Cardiac Cycle and Heart Function Study

NCLEX Style Cardiac Cycle and Heart Function Study

NCLEX-style cardiac cycle & heart function study guide. Covers key phases: diastole (ventricular filling) and systole (ventricular contraction), emphasizing blood flow driven by pressure gradients. Ideal for quick nursing exam review.

Alice Edwards
Contributor
0.0
0
11 months ago
Preview (7 of 21 Pages)
100%
Log in to unlock
Page 1 of 7
NCLEX Style Cardiac Cycle and Heart Function Study - Page 1 preview image4NCLEX-Style Cardiac Cycle & HeartFunction Study GuideKey Concept: Blood circulates in a continuous loop, moving from areas of high pressurelow pressure due to shifting pressure gradients.Cardiac Cycle = One Complete HeartbeatTwo Phases:•Diastole:■. Ventricles relax & fill with blood (2/3 of cycle)•Systole:Ventricles contract & eject blood into arteries (1/3 of cycle)
Page 2 of 7
NCLEX Style Cardiac Cycle and Heart Function Study - Page 2 preview imageDiastole (Filling Phase)•4AV valves open(tricuspid & mitral)•Atria pressure > ventricular pressure->■passive blood flowintoventriclesEarly filling = protodiastolic phase•£At end of diastole—-Atria contract andpush -25% of stroke volume into ventriclesCalledatrial systole, presystole, or atrial kick•|Important:Atrial systole occursduring ventriculardiastole!Systole (Pumping Phase)1.Ventricles fill —>Pressure rises2.AV valves (mitral & tricuspid) closeClosure -S1 (First Heart Sound)QPrevents backflow into atria3.All4valves briefly closed —isovolumic contraction4.Ventricular pressure > aortic/pulmonic pressure —>semilunar valves open5. Blood rapidly ejected6.After ejection —> Ventricular pressure drops,Semilunar valves SV valves (aortic & pulmonic) closeClosure =S2 (Second Heart Sound)Signalsend of systoleDiastole Begins Again
Page 3 of 7
NCLEX Style Cardiac Cycle and Heart Function Study - Page 3 preview imageAll 4 valves closedisovolumic relaxation•Atria fill —* pressure rises•AV valves (triscupid/ mitral=biscupid) open —►new cycle beginsRight vs Left Heart Events•Left HeartRight HeartHigher pressure systemLower pressure systemPumps to body (systemic)Pumps to lungs(pulmonary)Events occur slightly earlierEvents occur slightly later>S1M1 before T1>S2: A2 before P2>Heart Sounds>Normal Heart Sounds (lub, dub)*SoundDescriptionHeard Best51Closure of AV valves (mitral/tricuspid) —* start of systoleApex52Closure of semilunar valves SV (aortic/pulmonic)end ofBasesystole
Page 4 of 7
NCLEX Style Cardiac Cycle and Heart Function Study - Page 4 preview image"LUB"Mitral &tricuspid valvesare shutting"DUB'*Aortic &pulmonic valvesare shuttingDULLGALLOPING 5OUNDIndicates earlydiastole in rapidventricular fil ingHeart Sounds Chart - S1 to S4
Page 5 of 7
NCLEX Style Cardiac Cycle and Heart Function Study - Page 5 preview imageSoundWhen YouHear ItWhat Makesthe SoundBest Placeto HearExtra InfoIMnemonic>S1 ("Lub")Start of systole(heart startssqueezing)AV valves(mitral Atricuspid) closeApex (bottomof heart by ribs)f'LUB= AVslamshut so blooddoesn't go backup>S2("Dub”)End of systole(heart stopssqueezing, startsrelaxing)_•Semilunarvalves (aortic Apulmonic) closeBase (top ofheart, near 2ndrib) <DUB'' = bloodstops fromflowing backward>S3("Ventriculargallop")Just after S2 <1Caused by fastblood fillinginto ventriclesUse bell ofstethoscope!Low-pitchedOften heard inheart failureThink'Lub-dub-ta''>S4 ("Atrialgallop")Just before S1ACaused whenatria squeezeinto a stiffventricleUse bell, heardbest at apex♦Seen in highblood pressureSounds likeTa-lub-dub '(DExtra Tips for Memory:•S1 = Start (of squeezing)•S2 = Stop (relax begins)•S3 = Squishy ventricle (heart is too full, think failure)•S4 = Stiff ventricle (heart is too stiff, like in high BP)Sound Patterns:•Normal: Lub-Dub (S1-S2)•With S3: Lub-Dub-Ta (sign of volume overload)
Page 6 of 7
NCLEX Style Cardiac Cycle and Heart Function Study - Page 6 preview imageWith S4: Ta-Lub-Dub (sign of stiff heart u )4What Are Murmurs, and Why Do We Hear Them?A heart murmur is a "whooshing” sound you hear when blood isn't flowing smoothly throughthe heart — kinda like when a hose gets kinked or when water rushes too fast1. Blood is Moving Too Fast (f Velocity)•iv' fever•J pregnant•1, exercising a lot•thyroid problems (like hyperthyroidism)Blood zooms through likeliver = murmur2. Blood is Too Thin (| Viscosity)•Anemia (low red blood cells)— Less thick blood = more swirling sound = murmur
Page 7 of 7
NCLEX Style Cardiac Cycle and Heart Function Study - Page 7 preview image|s» 3. Heart Has a Problem with Its Structure•v'oStenosis - valve is too tight (blood squeezes through like a clogged drain)•Regurgitation - valve is too loose (blood leaks backward flow)•*Septal defect - hole in the wall between heart chambersAll of these cause swishing/rumbling - heart mumiur£ ) Easy Way to Remember:FAST BLOOD THIN BLOOD:or a BROKEN DOOR = murmur!% How Heart Sounds Are Described1.Pitch (Frequency) High or low2.Intensity (Loudness): Loud or soft
Preview Mode

This document has 21 pages. Sign in to access the full document!

Study Now!

X-Copilot AI
Unlimited Access
Secure Payment
Instant Access
24/7 Support
Document Chat

Document Details

Subject
National Council Licensure Examination

Related Documents

View all
Past Exams

NSG 3160 NCLEX Review Chapter 15

Past Exams

NSG 3160 NCLEX Review Chapter 14

Past Exams

NSG 3160 NCLEX Review Chapter 24

Past Exams

Lippincott Style NCLEX Questions

Past Exams

NCLEX PN Test Practice Questions

Class Notes

Lecture Notes NCLEX

Past Exams

NCLEX Study Guide

Past Exams

Comprehensive NCLEX Review

Past Exams

NCLEX Style Questions Nutrition

Solved Assignments

Key Concepts for NCLEX