Saunders' NCLEX Pediatrics ReviewGrowthand Development acrosstheLifeSpanI.Terms1.Abuse: The willful infliction of pain, injury, mental anguish, or unreasonable confinement.Abuse caninclude verbalassaults,thedemand toperform demeaningtasks, theft,ormismanagement of personal belongings. Abuse inflicted can be physical, emotional, or sexual.2.Accommodation: The ability to changea schema (an individual's cognitive structure orframework of thought) to introduce new ideas, objects, or experiences.3.Aging: The biopsychosoctal process of change occurring between birth and death.4.Assimilation: Theabilitytoincorporatenewideas,objects,andexperiencesintotheframework of one's thoughts.5.Conscious: All experiences that are part of an individual's awareness and that the individual isable to control.6.Dementia: An organic syndrome identifiedby gradual andprogressive deterioration inintellectual functioning.Long- andshort-termmemory lossoccur withimpairmentinjudgment, abstract thinking, problem-solving ability, and behavior, resulting in a self-caredeficit. A common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease.7.Depression: A mood disorder that can be identified by feelings of sadness, hopelessness, andworthlessness, and a decreased interest in activities.8.Ego: One's 'sense of self'; provides functions such as problem solving, mobilization of defensemechanisms, reality testing, and the capability of functioning independently; the mediatorbetween the id and the superego.9.Exploitation: Illegal or improper use of the individual's resources.10. Gerontology: The study of the process of aging.11. id: Source of all primitive drives and instincts; considered to be the reservoir of all psychicenergy.12. Neglect: The lack of providing services necessary for physical or mental health; includesfailure to prevent injury.13. Polypharmacy: Taking multiple prescription and / or over-the-counter medications together.14. Schema: An individual's cognitive structure or framework of thought.15. Schemata: Categories that an individual forms in his or her mind to organize and understandthe world.16. Self-neglect: The choice to avoid medical care or other services that could improve optimalfunction. Unless declared legally incompetent, an individual has the right to refuse care.17. Subconscious: Often called thepreconscious; includes experiences, thoughts, feelings, ordesires that might not be in immediate awareness but can be recalled to consciousness: helpsrepress unpleasant thoughts or feehngs.18. Superego: The moral component of personality, including internalization of the values, ideals,and moral standards of society.19. Unconscious: Memories, feelings, thoughts, or wishes that are repressed and are not availableto the conscious mind.n.The Pyramid to Success1.Nonnal growth and development proceed in an orderly, systematic, and predictable pattern,which provides a basis for identifying and assessing an individual's abilities.2.Understanding the path of growth and development across the life span assists the nurse inidentifying appropriate and expected human behavior.3.The Pyramid to Success focuses on Sigmund Freuds theory of psychosexual development,JeanPiaget's theory of cognitive development,Erik Eriksonspsychosocial theory, andLawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development.Preview Mode
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