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Physiological Adaptation Study Guide for the Nclex

Study guide for NCLEX-RN® Physiological Adaptation: covers body system changes, patient assessment, and care strategies for chronic, acute, or life-threatening conditions.

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    Table of Contents Howto Prepare for Physiological Adaptation Questions on the NCLEX-RN® Exam General Information Body System Alterations Patient Assessment Specific Situations Drainage Tubes Radiation Therapy Prenatal Conditions Infectious Diseases Invasive procedures Phototherapy Hypo and Hyperthermia Ventilator Use Wound Care Peritoneal Dialysis Suctioning Alterations in Body Systems Ostomy Care Seizures Pulmonary Care Increased Intracranial Pressure Post-Operative Care Evaluation Patient Education Fluids and Electrolytes

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    Signs and Symptoms of Imbalance Fluid Electrolytes Pathophysiology Application Patient Care Management Evaluation of Patient Response to Treatment Hemodynamics Patient Assessment for Dec ceased Cardiac Output Cardiac Rhythm Strip Abnormalities Pathophysiology Application Patient Care Providing Patient Strategies Interventions Managing Care of Patients in Special Circumstances Illness Management Data Reporting Pathophysiology Application Patient Education Interventions Gastric Lavage Continuity of Care VentiIation/Oxy genat ion Evaluation of Treatment Medical Emergencies Application of Knowledge and Skills Pathophysiology Nursing Procedures

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    Psychomotor Skills Emergency Care Patient Education Notification Evaluation Pathophysiology Identification General Principles Response to Therapies Patient Assessment Complications Recovery

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    Howto Prepare for Physiological Adaptation Questions on the NCLEX-RN® Exam General Information Often, a patient will need some sort of physiological adaptation to preserve and maximize physiological integrity. These questions deal with providing appropriate care for patients with chronic, acute, or life-threatening health conditions and any adaptations required to improve their situations. Body System Alterations A patient's body undergoes numerous alterations in response to an illness, disease process, intervention, and/or surgery. Recognizing these alterations help to implement proper care to return the patient to a more "normal" state of health. Nurses must explain these adaptations and resultant changes in patient care to help patients understand the reason behind these interventions. Patient A s s e s s m e n t Every patient's care begins with your assessment of the health and psychological status of the patient. This includes not only alterations due to illness, disease or interventions/treatments, but also the patient s ability to cope with his or her health situation and adaptation to an altered (sometimes permanently) state of impairment Patient assessment may also extend to the patients family and external support system as well. Specific Situations The following are some of the more important clinical scenarios in which you will be required to perform these functions: Drainage Tubes Any wound or tube drainage must be closely monitored. Pertinent characteristics of drainage assessment include monitoring for changes in color, consistency, and votame. Common drainage sites include surgical wound drains, respiratory secretions, chest tube drainage, and negative pressure wound therapy. Be familiar with the appropriate care involved in monitoring each. Nurses must be able to perform important interventions with drainage tubes including keeping dressings occlusive, monitoring for leaks or damage to the drainage systems, maintaining the drains (i.e. stripping,emptying, maintaining suction), and changing of equipment.

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