Physiological Adaptation Study Guide for the Nclex

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Table of ContentsHowto Prepare for Physiological Adaptation Questions on the NCLEX-RN® ExamGeneral InformationBody System AlterationsPatient AssessmentSpecific SituationsDrainage TubesRadiation TherapyPrenatal ConditionsInfectious DiseasesInvasive proceduresPhototherapyHypo and HyperthermiaVentilator UseWound CarePeritoneal DialysisSuctioningAlterations in Body SystemsOstomy CareSeizuresPulmonary CareIncreased Intracranial PressurePost-Operative CareEvaluationPatient EducationFluids and Electrolytes

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Signs and Symptoms of ImbalanceFluidElectrolytesPathophysiology ApplicationPatient Care ManagementEvaluation of Patient Response to TreatmentHemodynamicsPatient Assessment for Decceased Cardiac OutputCardiac Rhythm Strip AbnormalitiesPathophysiology ApplicationPatient CareProviding Patient StrategiesInterventionsManaging Care of Patients in Special CircumstancesIllness ManagementData ReportingPathophysiology ApplicationPatient EducationInterventionsGastric LavageContinuity of CareVentiIation/Oxy genationEvaluation of TreatmentMedical EmergenciesApplication of Knowledge and SkillsPathophysiologyNursing Procedures

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Psychomotor SkillsEmergency CarePatient EducationNotificationEvaluationPathophysiologyIdentificationGeneral PrinciplesResponse to TherapiesPatient AssessmentComplicationsRecovery

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Howto Prepare for PhysiologicalAdaptation Questions on the NCLEX-RN®ExamGeneral InformationOften, a patient will need some sort of physiological adaptation to preserve and maximizephysiological integrity.These questions deal with providing appropriate care for patients withchronic, acute, or life-threatening health conditions and any adaptations required to improve theirsituations.Body System AlterationsA patient's body undergoes numerous alterations in response to an illness, disease process,intervention, and/or surgery. Recognizing these alterations help to implement proper care to returnthe patient to a more "normal" state of health. Nurses must explain these adaptations andresultant changes in patient care to help patients understand the reason behind theseinterventions.Patient A s s e s s m e n tEvery patient's care begins with your assessment of the health and psychological status of thepatient. This includes not only alterations due toillness, diseaseorinterventions/treatments,but also the patient sability to copewith his or her health situation and adaptation to an altered(sometimes permanently)state of impairmentPatient assessment may also extend to thepatients family and externalsupport systemas well.Specific SituationsThe following are some of the more important clinical scenarios in which you will be required toperform these functions:Drainage TubesAny woundortube drainage must beclosely monitored.Pertinent characteristics of drainageassessment includemonitoring forchangesin color, consistency,and votame. Common drainagesites include surgical wound drains, respiratory secretions, chest tube drainage, and negativepressure wound therapy. Be familiar with the appropriate care involved in monitoring each. Nursesmust be able to perform importantinterventionswith drainage tubes including keeping dressingsocclusive, monitoring for leaks or damage to the drainage systems, maintaining the drains (i.e.stripping,emptying, maintaining suction), and changing of equipment.

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