Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank

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Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank - Page 1 preview image

1Psychological abnormality may include deviance, distress,dysfunction, and danger. First, explain what these terms meanregarding psychological abnormality. Second, provide anexample of a time when each aspect of abnormality would not beconsideredabnormal.2Suppose a friend of yours says to you, ―I feel really lousy today,and I don't know why. You're taking abnormal psych—what doyou think?‖ If, after your conversation with your friend, yourfriend feels better about things,have you provided psychologicaltherapy? Why or why not? Include the essential features oftherapy in your answer.3What is demonology? How does demonology stand in the way ofa more complete understanding of the causes and treatment ofpsychological abnormality?4Discuss the contributions of three of the following individuals to the treatment ofabnormal psychology. Include when and where each lived.HippocratesEmil KraepelinDorothea DixPhilippe PinelFriedrich Anton MesmerBenjamin RushWilliam Tuke5Assume that Benjamin Rush and Dorothea Dix suddenlyappeared in the twenty-first century, about 50 years after theU.S. policy of deinstitutionalization began. What wouldtheythink about our treatment of the ―mentally ill?‖ Whatsuggestions might they make for changes in our policy ofdeinstitutionalization?

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Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank - Page 2 preview image

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Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank - Page 3 preview image

6Define and contrast somatogenic and psychogenic perspectivesregarding abnormal psychologicalfunctioning, and provide atleast one example of evidence supporting each perspective.7According to your text, deinstitutionalization has resulted, inpart, in large numbers of people with severe psychologicaldisturbances eitherbecoming homeless or ending up in jail orprison. Is deinstitutionalization an ethical and appropriatestrategy for the treatment of mental illness that the UnitedStates should continue to follow? Back up your answer withspecific examples.8Increasingly, people seeking treatment for mental health reasonsare members of managed care programs. How are managedcare programs changing how psychological services areprovided? Discuss one advantage and one disadvantage of suchprograms.9The following types of mental health professionals work in thearea of psychological abnormality; describe the differences inhow they are educated, and in what they do.clinical psychologistspsychiatristsclinical researchers�10Create a time line on which you place five major events in thehistory of abnormality. Briefly describe why each event isimportant to our understanding of abnormality.11The aspect of the definition of abnormality thatcharacterizesbehavior as different from the norm is ______.deviance(True Answer)*

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Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank - Page 4 preview image

12The stated and unstated rules that a society establishes to governproper conduct are referred to as______.norms(True Answer)*13Ken is so anxious that his anxiety by itself causes him to suffer.Ken's situation represents the aspect of the definition ofabnormality called ______.distress(True Answer)*14Colleen is so afraid of open spaces thatshe cannot leave herhouse to go to work. This represents the aspect of the definitionof abnormality called ______.dysfunction(True Answer)*15Heather has been feeling depressed and has begun to feelhelpless and hopeless and isconsidering committing suicide.Killing herself represents the aspect of the definition ofabnormality called ______.danger(True Answer)*16The idea that the behaviors we label abnormal are just problemsin living has beenproposed by ______.Thomas Szasz(True Answer)*17While some clinicians will refer to the person they are treatingas a patient, others will refer to the person as a(n) ______.client(True Answer)*18Thecrude early form of surgery in which a hole was made in theskull of a person, presumably to allow evil spirits to escape, wascalled ______.trephination(True Answer)*19The procedure that a priest or other powerful person mightperform to drive evil spirits from a person is called ______.exorcism(True Answer)

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Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank - Page 5 preview image

*20______ believed that abnormal behavior was caused by brainpathology that was a consequence of an imbalance in the fourhumors of the body.Hippocrates(True Answer)*21The ―parent‖ of modern medicine who believed that illnesseshad natural causes was ______.Hippocrates(True Answer)*22During the Middle Ages, a person who believed that he waspossessed by wolves and other animals was said to be sufferingfrom ______.lycanthropy(True Answer)*23The roots of today's community mental health programs can betraced back to the fifteenth century when people came to theBelgian town of______ for psychic healing.Gheel(True Answer)*24An approach to treating people with mental dysfunction thatemphasized humane and respectful approaches was known as______ treatment.moral(True Answer)*25The physician who instituted a series of reforms at La Bicêtreasylum and ―unchained‖ mental patients was ______.Pinel(True Answer)*26The treatment for mental illness espoused by French physicianPhilippe Pineland English Quaker William Tuke was called_____ treatment by their contemporaries.moral(True Answer)*27The American advocate for laws mandating the improvedtreatment of people with mental disorders was ______.

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Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank - Page 6 preview image

DorotheaDix(True Answer)*28The view that physical causes are at the root of mental illnessesis called the ______ perspective.somatogenic(True Answer)*29The somatogenic view of mental illness was given a boost in the1800s when it was discovered that general paresis was caused by______.syphilis(True Answer)*30Psychological causes are at the root of mental illness, accordingto the ______ perspective.psychogenic(True Answer)*31The inducement of a trancelike state in which a person becomesextremely suggestible fits into the ______ model of treatingmental illness.psychogenic(True Answer)*32Psychoanalysis's view of causes of abnormaland normalbehavior fits into the ______ model.psychogenic(True Answer)*33Psychotropic medications fit into the ______ model of treatingmental illness.somatogenic(True Answer)*34The major developmentutilizing drugs in the treatment of thementally ill in the second half of the twentieth century was thedevelopment of psychiatric ______.psychotropic medications(True Answer)*35The reduction in the number of people housed in mentalhospitals in the last 40 years can be attributed to a trend called

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Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank - Page 7 preview image

______.deinstitutionalization(True Answer)*36Moving the focus for the care of the mentally ill out ofhospitalsis part of the ______ approach.community mental health(True Answer)*37The largest group of professionals who provide mental healthservices are ______.psychiatric social workers(True Answer)*38The degree that psychiatrists hold is the ______.M.D. or D.O.(True Answer)*39One who systematically gathers information in order todescribe, predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical:mentalist.Incorrectlegalist.Incorrectscientist.(True Answer)Correctpractitioner.Incorrect40If you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting,assessing, and treating abnormal patterns of functioning, youshould look into becoming a clinical:practitioner.(True Answer)Correctresearcher.Incorrecthistorian.Incorrectstatistician.Incorrect41The stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a societyestablishes are referred to as:norms.(True Answer)Correctculture.Incorrectmorality.Incorrectconventions.Incorrect

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42Behavior that violates legal norms is:deviant and criminal.(True Answer)Correctdistressful and criminal.Incorrectdeviant and psychopathological.Incorrectdistressful and psychopathological.Incorrect43The history, values, institutions, technology, and arts of a societymake up that society's:laws.Incorrectnorms.Incorrectculture.(True Answer)Correctconventions.Incorrect44Which of the following depressed people would be the LEASTlikely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder—because ofspecific circumstances?someone whose mother was depressedIncorrectsomeone whose community was destroyed by a tornado(TrueAnswer)Correctsomeone who was experiencing a chemical brainimbalanceIncorrectsomeone who was also an alcoholicIncorrect45R. D. Laing said, ―Insanity—a perfectly rational adjustment toan insane world.‖ This statement illustrates:how dangerous most mentally ill people actuallyare.Incorrectthat abnormality is situational.(True Answer)Correctthat everyone is a little eccentric.Incorrectthat drug use causes people to become mentally ill.Incorrect46That 42 percent of people go to church and 39 percent snoop intheir hosts' medicine cabinets demonstrates the principle that:deviance is culturally defined.Incorrectbehavior that is not really dangerous can nevertheless beconsidered abnormal.Incorrectstatistical deviance is not the same thing asabnormality.(True Answer)Correctbehavior that is not distressful is not abnormal.Incorrect

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Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank - Page 9 preview image

47If a person experienced anxiety or depression following asignificant natural disaster, we would say that the person was:suffering from a mental illness.Incorrectdeviant but not dangerous.Incorrectexhibiting a typical reaction.(True Answer)Correctstatistically deviant.Incorrect48People who engage in frenetic, manic activity may notexperience distress. They are:neverthelessconsidered to be abnormal.(True Answer)Correctnot abnormal because abnormality requiresdistress.Incorrectdoing something illegal, not abnormal.Incorrectno longer considered abnormal, but were in thepast.Incorrect49Aperson who is so miserable that he or she can see no reason forliving BEST fits which of the following definitions ofabnormality?devianceIncorrectdistress(True Answer)CorrectdangerousnessIncorrectdysfunctionIncorrect50An individual has a 9-to-5 job. However, this person seldom getsup early enough to be at work on time, and expresses greatdistress over this behavior. This individual's behavior would beconsidered abnormal because it is:dysfunctional.Incorrectdeviant.Incorrectdysfunctional and deviant.(True Answer)Correctdangerous.Incorrect51Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes theinability to care for oneself and work productively?distressIncorrectdevianceIncorrectdysfunction(True Answer)Correctdanger to self or othersIncorrect52Which of the following would NOT be considered abnormal,despite the fact that the person's behavior is dysfunctional?

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Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank - Page 10 preview image

someone who is too confused to drive safelyIncorrectsomeone who parties so much that he or she cannot go toclassIncorrectsomeone who goes on a hunger strike to protest socialinjustice(True Answer)Correctsomeone who cannot stay alone for even one nightIncorrect53A Secret Service agent steps in front of the President of theUnited States, prepared to be killed or injured if the President'ssafety is threatened. Psychologically speaking, theSecret Serviceagent's behavior is:functional, but psychologically abnormal.Incorrectfunctional, and not psychologically abnormal.Incorrectdysfunctional, and psychologically abnormal.Incorrectdysfunctional, but not psychologically abnormal.(TrueAnswer)Correct54Research shows that danger to self or others is found in:all cases of abnormal functioning.Incorrectmost cases of abnormal functioning.Incorrectsome cases of abnormal functioning.(True Answer)Correctno cases of abnormal functioning.Incorrect55Despite popular misconceptions, most people with psychologicalproblems are not:dysfunctional.Incorrectdangerous.(True Answer)Correctdistressing.Incorrectdeviant.Incorrect56According to Thomas Szasz's views, the deviations that some callmental illness are really:mental illnesses.Incorrectproblems in living.(True Answer)Correctcaused by one's early childhood experiences.Incorrecteccentric behaviors with a biological cause.Incorrect57A researcher spends 15 or more hours per day conductingexperiments or doing library reading and recordsobservationson color-coded index cards. This person lives alone in thecountry, but he doesn't interfere with others' lives. The BESTdescription of the researcher's behavior is that it is:

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Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank - Page 11 preview image

eccentric.(True Answer)Correctabnormal.Incorrectdangerous.Incorrectdysfunctional.Incorrect58College students who drink so much that it interferes with theirlives, health, and academic careers are often not diagnosed asengaging in abnormal behavior because:the behavior is not illegal.Incorrectthey are just considered eccentric.Incorrectthey don't harm anyone but themselves.Incorrectdrinking is considered part of college culture.(True Answer)Correct59Defining abnormalbehavior, using ―the four Ds‖:allows us to create diagnoses that are clear-cut and notdebatable.Incorrectallows us to eliminate those who are merelyeccentric.Incorrectallows us to include those who experience nodistress.Incorrectis still often vague and subjective.(True Answer)Correct60Lady Gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to beexperiencing a mental illness because:they are not deviant.Incorrectthey freely choose and enjoy their behavior.(True Answer)Correctthey are only dangerous to others, not tothemselves.Incorrectwhile they are distressed by their behavior, others arenot.Incorrect61Which of the following is NOTa characteristic of eccentricsnoted by researchers in the field?being a poor spellerIncorrecthaving a diagnosable mental illness(True Answer)Correctbeing creativeIncorrectenjoying one's lifeIncorrect62Studies showthat eccentrics are more likely than those withmental disorders to say:

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Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank - Page 12 preview image

I feel like my behavior has been thrust on me.IncorrectI'm different and I like it.(True Answer)CorrectI am in a lot of pain and I suffer a great deal.IncorrectI wish I were not so ―unique.‖Incorrect63Clinical theorist Jerome Frank would say that all forms oftherapy include all of the following EXCEPT a:series of contacts.Incorrecthealer.Incorrectthird-party payer.(True Answer)Correctsufferer who seeks relief.Incorrect64One who sees abnormality as a problem in living usually refersto those seeking help with theirproblems in living as:pupils.Incorrectpatients.Incorrecttrainees.Incorrectclients.(True Answer)Correct65Several researchers have shown that in a typical year in theUnited States about what percentage of adults showdisturbances severe enough to need clinical treatment?under 1 percent.Incorrect5–10 percentIncorrect10–15 percentIncorrectover 15 percent(True Answer)Correct66Which of the following ―new diagnoses‖ would oneexperiencingoverwhelming concern about being bombarded with excessiveinformation on the Internet MOST likely receive?eco-anxietyIncorrectterrorism terrorIncorrectcrime phobiaIncorrectcyber fear(True Answer)Correct67Which of the following ―new diagnoses‖ would someoneexperiencing overwhelming concern about the security of travelon planes and subways MOST likely receive?eco-anxietyIncorrectterrorism terror(True Answer)Correctcrime phobiaIncorrectcyber fearIncorrect

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Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank - Page 13 preview image

68Which of the following ―new diagnoses‖ would someoneexperiencing overwhelming concern about where the safestneighborhoods and schools are located be MOST likely toreceive?eco-anxietyIncorrectterrorism terrorIncorrectcrime phobia(True Answer)Correctcyber fearIncorrect69The use of exorcism in early societies suggests a belief thatabnormal behavior was caused by:germs.Incorrectpoisons.Incorrectevil spirits.(True Answer)Correctpsychological trauma.Incorrect70A person seeking help for a psychological abnormality is madeto drink bitter herbal potions and then submit to a beating, inthe hope that ―evilspirits‖ will be driven from the person'sbody. This form of ―therapy‖ is called:exorcism.(True Answer)Correctshaman.Incorrectcouvade.Incorrecttrephination.Incorrect71If you were being treated by a shaman, youwould MOST likelybe undergoing:psychoanalysis.Incorrectgender-sensitive therapy.Incorrectcommunity-based treatment.Incorrectan exorcism.(True Answer)Correct72Hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disordersshouldinvolve:releasing evil spirits trapped in the brain.Incorrectbringing the four body humors back into balance.(TrueAnswer)Correctpunishing the body for its sins.Incorrectbloodletting.Incorrect73Hippocrates'scontribution to the development of ourunderstanding of mental illness was the view that suchconditions were the result of:

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Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank - Page 14 preview image

stress.Incorrectnatural causes.(True Answer)Correctbrain pathology.Incorrectspiritual deviations.Incorrect74Hippocrates thought that abnormal behavior resulted from animbalance in the four humors, one of which was:water.Incorrectlymph gland fluid.Incorrectphlegm.(True Answer)Correctcerebrospinal fluid.Incorrect75Hippocrates attempted to treat mental disorders by:hypnotizing patients.Incorrectchaining patients to walls.Incorrectcorrecting underlying physical pathology.(True Answer)Correctencouraging patients to speak about past traumas.Incorrect76Bob experiences unshakable sadness. His friends have stoppedtrying to cheer him up because nothing works. An ancient Greekphysician would have labeled his condition:mania.Incorrecthysteria.Incorrectdelusional.Incorrectmelancholia.(True Answer)Correct77A flash mob is MOST similar to:mass madness.(True Answer)Correctmelancholia.Incorrecttrephination.Incorrecteco-terroristIncorrect78What model of mental illness did MOST people believe induring the Middle Ages?the moral modelIncorrectthe medical modelIncorrectthe psychogenic modelIncorrectthe demonology model(True Answer)Correct

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79Tarantism and lycanthropy are examples of:exorcism.Incorrectmass madness.(True Answer)Correctphysical pathology causing mental illness.Incorrectdisorders that were treated with trephination.Incorrect80St. Vitus's dance, characterized by people suddenly going intoconvulsions, jumping around, and dancing, was also known as:lycanthropy.Incorrectmelancholia.Incorrectphlegmatism.Incorrecttarantism.(True Answer)Correct81―Mass madness‖ is a general term that includes all of thefollowing disorders common in the Middle Ages in EuropeEXCEPT:tarantism.Incorrectlycanthropy.Incorrectexorcism.(True Answer)CorrectSt. Vitus's dance.Incorrect82Those MOST often in charge of treating abnormality in theMiddle Ages in Europe were the:physicians.Incorrectnobility.Incorrectpeasants.Incorrectclergy.(True Answer)Correct83During the Middle Ages in Europe, demonology dominatedviews of abnormality for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:the power of the clergy increased greatly.Incorrectthe church rejected scientific forms of investigation.Incorrectthe church controlled education.Incorrectthe culture rejected religious beliefs.(True Answer)Correct84The individual considered to be the founder of the modernstudyof psychopathology is:Hippocrates.IncorrectJohann Weyer.(True Answer)CorrectDorothea Dix.IncorrectEmil Kraepelin.Incorrect

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85Johann Weyer, considered to be the founder of the modernstudy of psychopathology,was a physician in the:1200s.Incorrect1500s.(True Answer)Correct1700s.Incorrect1800s.Incorrect86Pilgrims in Europe in the 1600s would be MOST likely to go for―psychic healing‖ to:Bethlehem Hospital in London.IncorrectGheel, Belgium.(True Answer)CorrectLa Bicêtre in Paris.IncorrectAthens, Greece.Incorrect87In many areas, asylums of the 1500s, such as Bethlehem Hospitalin London, became:shrines.Incorrecttourist attractions.(True Answer)Correctsheltered workshops.Incorrectcenters of moral treatment.Incorrect88Treatment for mental illness in the early asylums tended to be:moral therapy.Incorrectharsh and cruel.(True Answer)Correctreligiously based.Incorrectpsychogenic therapy.Incorrect89What is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded inLondon in 1547?Popularly called ―Bedlam,‖ it came to representdeplorableconditions for patients.(True Answer)CorrectIt was the first asylum founded by Hippocrates.IncorrectIt was founded by Henry VIII as a place to house hisnumerous ex-wives.IncorrectIt was the first asylum where the moral treatment of patientswas practiced.Incorrect90The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the beliefthat:mental problems had a biological basis.Incorrect

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