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Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank

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    1 Psychological abnormality may include deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger. First, explain what these terms mean regarding psychological abnormality. Second, provide an example of a time when each aspect of abnormality would not be considered abnormal.  2 Suppose a friend of yours says to you, ―I feel really lousy today, and I don't know why. You're taking abnormal psych — what do you think?‖ If, after your conversation with your friend, your friend feels better about things, have you provided psychological therapy? Why or why not? Include the essential features of therapy in your answer.  3 What is demonology? How does demonology stand in the way of a more complete understanding of the causes and treatment of psychological abnormality?  4 Discuss the contributions of three of the following individuals to the treatment of abnormal psychology. Include when and where each lived. Hippocrates Emil Kraepelin Dorothea Dix Philippe Pinel Friedrich Anton Mesmer Benjamin Rush William Tuke  5 Assume that Benjamin Rush and Dorothea Dix suddenly appeared in the twenty - first century, about 50 years after the U.S. policy of deinstitutionalization began. What would they think about our treatment of the ―mentally ill?‖ What suggestions might they make for changes in our policy of deinstitutionalization? 

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    6 Define and contrast somatogenic and psychogenic perspectives regarding abnormal psychological functioning, and provide at least one example of evidence supporting each perspective.  7 According to your text, deinstitutionalization has resulted, in part, in large numbers of people with severe psychological disturbances either becoming homeless or ending up in jail or prison. Is deinstitutionalization an ethical and appropriate strategy for the treatment of mental illness that the United States should continue to follow? Back up your answer with specific examples.  8 Increasingly, people seeking treatment for mental health reasons are members of managed care programs. How are managed care programs changing how psychological services are provided? Discuss one advantage and one disadvantage of such programs.  9 The following types of mental health professionals work in the area of psychological abnormality; describe the differences in how they are educated, and in what they do. clinical psychologists psychiatrists clinical researchers  � 10 Create a time line on which you place five major events in the history of abnormality. Briefly describe why each event is important to our understanding of abnormality.  11 The aspect of the definition of abnormality that characterizes behavior as different from the norm is ______.  deviance ( True Answer )  *

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    12 The stated and unstated rules that a society establishes to govern proper conduct are referred to as______.  norms ( True Answer )  * 13 Ken is so anxious that his anxiety by itself causes him to suffer. Ken's situation represents the aspect of the definition of abnormality called ______.  distress ( True Answer )  * 14 Colleen is so afraid of open spaces that she cannot leave her house to go to work. This represents the aspect of the definition of abnormality called ______.  dysfunction ( True Answer )  * 15 Heather has been feeling depressed and has begun to feel helpless and hopeless and is considering committing suicide. Killing herself represents the aspect of the definition of abnormality called ______.  danger ( True Answer )  * 16 The idea that the behaviors we label abnormal are just problems in living has been proposed by ______.  Thomas Szasz ( True Answer )  * 17 While some clinicians will refer to the person they are treating as a patient, others will refer to the person as a(n) ______.  client ( True Answer )  * 18 The crude early form of surgery in which a hole was made in the skull of a person, presumably to allow evil spirits to escape, was called ______.  trephination ( True Answer )  * 19 The procedure that a priest or other powerful person might perform to drive evil spirits from a person is called ______.  exorcism ( True Answer )

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     * 20 ______ believed that abnormal behavior was caused by brain pathology that was a consequence of an imbalance in the four humors of the body.  Hippocrates ( True Answer )  * 21 The ―parent‖ of modern medicine who believed that illnesses had natural causes was ______.  Hippocrates ( True Answer )  * 22 During the Middle Ages, a person who believed that he was possessed by wolves and other animals was said to be suffering from ______.  lycanthropy ( True Answer )  * 23 The roots of today's community mental health programs can be traced back to the fifteenth century when people came to the Belgian town of______ for psychic healing.  Gheel ( True Answer )  * 24 An approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized humane and respectful approaches was known as ______ treatment.  moral ( True Answer )  * 25 The physician who instituted a series of reforms at La Bicêtre asylum and ―unchained‖ mental patients was ______.  Pinel ( True Answer )  * 26 The treatment for mental illness espoused by French physician Philippe Pinel and English Quaker William Tuke was called _____ treatment by their contemporaries.  moral ( True Answer )  * 27 The American advocate for laws mandating the improved treatment of people with mental disorders was ______.

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     Dorothea Dix ( True Answer )  * 28 The view that physical causes are at the root of mental illnesses is called the ______ perspective.  somatogenic ( True Answer )  * 29 The somatogenic view of mental illness was given a boost in the 1800s when it was discovered that general paresis was caused by ______.  syphilis ( True Answer )  * 30 Psychological causes are at the root of mental illness, according to the ______ perspective.  psychogenic ( True Answer )  * 31 The inducement of a trancelike state in which a person becomes extremely suggestible fits into the ______ model of treating mental illness.  psychogenic ( True Answer )  * 32 Psychoanalysis's view of causes of abnormal and normal behavior fits into the ______ model.  psychogenic ( True Answer )  * 33 Psychotropic medications fit into the ______ model of treating mental illness.  somatogenic ( True Answer )  * 34 The major development utilizing drugs in the treatment of the mentally ill in the second half of the twentieth century was the development of psychiatric ______.  psychotropic medications ( True Answer )  * 35 The reduction in the number of people housed in mental hospitals in the last 40 years can be attributed to a trend called

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    ______.  deinstitutionalization ( True Answer )  * 36 Moving the focus for the care of the mentally ill out of hospitals is part of the ______ approach.  community mental health ( True Answer )  * 37 The largest group of professionals who provide mental health services are ______.  psychiatric social workers ( True Answer )  * 38 The degree that psychiatrists hold is the ______.  M.D. or D.O. ( True Answer )  * 39 One who systematically gathers information in order to describe, predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical:  mentalist. Incorrect  legalist. Incorrect  scientist. ( True Answer )Correct  practitioner. Incorrect 40 If you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting, assessing, and treating abnormal patterns of functioning, you should look into becoming a clinical:  practitioner. ( True Answer )Correct  researcher. Incorrect  historian. Incorrect  statistician. Incorrect 41 The stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as:  norms. ( True Answer )Correct  culture. Incorrect  morality. Incorrect  conventions. Incorrect

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    42 Behavior that violates legal norms is:  deviant and criminal. ( True Answer )Correct  distressful and criminal. Incorrect  deviant and psychopathological. Incorrect  distressful and psychopathological. Incorrect 43 The history, values, institutions, technology, and arts of a society make up that society's:  laws. Incorrect  norms. Incorrect  culture. ( True Answer )Correct  conventions. Incorrect 44 Which of the following depressed people would be the LEAST likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder — because of specific circumstances?  someone whose mother was depressed Incorrect  someone whose community was destroyed by a tornado ( True Answer )Correct  someone who was experiencing a chemical brain imbalance Incorrect  someone who was also an alcoholic Incorrect 45 R. D. Laing said, ―Insanity — a perfectly rational adjustment to an insane world.‖ This statement illustrates:  how dangerous most mentally ill people actually are. Incorrect  that abnormality is situational. ( True Answer )Correct  that everyone is a little eccentric. Incorrect  that drug use causes people to become mentally ill. Incorrect 46 That 42 percent of people go to church and 39 percent snoop in their hosts' medicine cabinets demonstrates the principle that:  deviance is culturally defined. Incorrect  behavior that is not really dangerous can nevertheless be considered abnormal. Incorrect  statistical deviance is not the same thing as abnormality. ( True Answer )Correct  behavior that is not distressful is not abnormal. Incorrect

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    47 If a person experienced anxiety or depression following a significant natural disaster, we would say that the person was:  suffering from a mental illness. Incorrect  deviant but not dangerous. Incorrect  exhibiting a typical reaction. ( True Answer )Correct  statistically deviant. Incorrect 48 People who engage in frenetic, manic activity may not experience distress. They are:  nevertheless considered to be abnormal. ( True Answer )Correct  not abnormal because abnormality requires distress. Incorrect  doing something illegal, not abnormal. Incorrect  no longer considered abnormal, but were in the past. Incorrect 49 A person who is so miserable that he or she can see no reason for living BEST fits which of the following definitions of abnormality?  deviance Incorrect  distress ( True Answer )Correct  dangerousness Incorrect  dysfunction Incorrect 50 An individual has a 9 - to - 5 job. However, this person seldom gets up early enough to be at work on time, and expresses great distress over this behavior. This individual's behavior would be considered abnormal because it is:  dysfunctional. Incorrect  deviant. Incorrect  dysfunctional and deviant. ( True Answer )Correct  dangerous. Incorrect 51 Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?  distress Incorrect  deviance Incorrect  dysfunction ( True Answer )Correct  danger to self or others Incorrect 52 Which of the following would NOT be considered abnormal, despite the fact that the person's behavior is dysfunctional?

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     someone who is too confused to drive safely Incorrect  someone who parties so much that he or she cannot go to class Incorrect  someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social injustice ( True Answer )Correct  someone who cannot stay alone for even one night Incorrect 53 A Secret Service agent steps in front of the President of the United States, prepared to be killed or injured if the President's safety is threatened. Psychologically speaking, the Secret Service agent's behavior is:  functional, but psychologically abnormal. Incorrect  functional, and not psychologically abnormal. Incorrect  dysfunctional, and psychologically abnormal. Incorrect  dysfunctional, but not psychologically abnormal. ( True Answer )Correct 54 Research shows that danger to self or others is found in:  all cases of abnormal functioning. Incorrect  most cases of abnormal functioning. Incorrect  some cases of abnormal functioning. ( True Answer )Correct  no cases of abnormal functioning. Incorrect 55 Despite popular misconceptions, most people with psychological problems are not:  dysfunctional. Incorrect  dangerous. ( True Answer )Correct  distressing. Incorrect  deviant. Incorrect 56 According to Thomas Szasz's views, the deviations that some call mental illness are really:  mental illnesses. Incorrect  problems in living. ( True Answer )Correct  caused by one's early childhood experiences. Incorrect  eccentric behaviors with a biological cause. Incorrect 57 A researcher spends 15 or more hours per day conducting experiments or doing library reading and records observations on color - coded index cards. This person lives alone in the country, but he doesn't interfere with others' lives. The BEST description of the researcher's behavior is that it is:

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     eccentric. ( True Answer )Correct  abnormal. Incorrect  dangerous. Incorrect  dysfunctional. Incorrect 58 College students who drink so much that it interferes with their lives, health, and academic careers are often not diagnosed as engaging in abnormal behavior because:  the behavior is not illegal. Incorrect  they are just considered eccentric. Incorrect  they don't harm anyone but themselves. Incorrect  drinking is considered part of college culture. ( True Answer )Correct 59 Defining abnormal behavior, using ―the four Ds‖:  allows us to create diagnoses that are clear - cut and not debatable. Incorrect  allows us to eliminate those who are merely eccentric. Incorrect  allows us to include those who experience no distress. Incorrect  is still often vague and subjective. ( True Answer )Correct 60 Lady Gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to be experiencing a mental illness because:  they are not deviant. Incorrect  they freely choose and enjoy their behavior. ( True Answer )Correct  they are only dangerous to others, not to themselves. Incorrect  while they are distressed by their behavior, others are not. Incorrect 61 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eccentrics noted by researchers in the field?  being a poor speller Incorrect  having a diagnosable mental illness ( True Answer )Correct  being creative Incorrect  enjoying one's life Incorrect 62 Studies show that eccentrics are more likely than those with mental disorders to say:

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     I feel like my behavior has been thrust on me. Incorrect  I'm different and I like it. ( True Answer )Correct  I am in a lot of pain and I suffer a great deal. Incorrect  I wish I were not so ―unique.‖ Incorrect 63 Clinical theorist Jerome Frank would say that all forms of therapy include all of the following EXCEPT a:  series of contacts. Incorrect  healer. Incorrect  third - party payer. ( True Answer )Correct  sufferer who seeks relief. Incorrect 64 One who sees abnormality as a problem in living usually refers to those seeking help with their problems in living as:  pupils. Incorrect  patients. Incorrect  trainees. Incorrect  clients. ( True Answer )Correct 65 Several researchers have shown that in a typical year in the United States about what percentage of adults show disturbances severe enough to need clinical treatment?  under 1 percent. Incorrect  5 – 10 percent Incorrect  10 – 15 percent Incorrect  over 15 percent ( True Answer )Correct 66 Which of the following ―new diagnoses‖ would one experiencing overwhelming concern about being bombarded with excessive information on the Internet MOST likely receive?  eco - anxiety Incorrect  terrorism terror Incorrect  crime phobia Incorrect  cyber fear ( True Answer )Correct 67 Which of the following ―new diagnoses‖ would someone experiencing overwhelming concern about the security of travel on planes and subways MOST likely receive?  eco - anxiety Incorrect  terrorism terror ( True Answer )Correct  crime phobia Incorrect  cyber fear Incorrect

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    68 Which of the following ―new diagnoses‖ would someone experiencing overwhelming concern about where the safest neighborhoods and schools are located be MOST likely to receive?  eco - anxiety Incorrect  terrorism terror Incorrect  crime phobia ( True Answer )Correct  cyber fear Incorrect 69 The use of exorcism in early societies suggests a belief that abnormal behavior was caused by:  germs. Incorrect  poisons. Incorrect  evil spirits. ( True Answer )Correct  psychological trauma. Incorrect 70 A person seeking help for a psychological abnormality is made to drink bitter herbal potions and then submit to a beating, in the hope that ―evil spirits‖ will be driven from the person's body. This form of ―therapy‖ is called:  exorcism. ( True Answer )Correct  shaman. Incorrect  couvade. Incorrect  trephination. Incorrect 71 If you were being treated by a shaman, you would MOST likely be undergoing:  psychoanalysis. Incorrect  gender - sensitive therapy. Incorrect  community - based treatment. Incorrect  an exorcism. ( True Answer )Correct 72 Hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disorders should involve:  releasing evil spirits trapped in the brain. Incorrect  bringing the four body humors back into balance. ( True Answer )Correct  punishing the body for its sins. Incorrect  bloodletting. Incorrect 73 Hippocrates's contribution to the development of our understanding of mental illness was the view that such conditions were the result of:

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     stress. Incorrect  natural causes. ( True Answer )Correct  brain pathology. Incorrect  spiritual deviations. Incorrect 74 Hippocrates thought that abnormal behavior resulted from an imbalance in the four humors, one of which was:  water. Incorrect  lymph gland fluid. Incorrect  phlegm. ( True Answer )Correct  cerebrospinal fluid. Incorrect 75 Hippocrates attempted to treat mental disorders by:  hypnotizing patients. Incorrect  chaining patients to walls. Incorrect  correcting underlying physical pathology. ( True Answer )Correct  encouraging patients to speak about past traumas. Incorrect 76 Bob experiences unshakable sadness. His friends have stopped trying to cheer him up because nothing works. An ancient Greek physician would have labeled his condition:  mania. Incorrect  hysteria. Incorrect  delusional. Incorrect  melancholia. ( True Answer )Correct 77 A flash mob is MOST similar to:  mass madness. ( True Answer )Correct  melancholia. Incorrect  trephination. Incorrect  eco - terrorist Incorrect 78 What model of mental illness did MOST people believe in during the Middle Ages?  the moral model Incorrect  the medical model Incorrect  the psychogenic model Incorrect  the demonology model ( True Answer )Correct

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    79 Tarantism and lycanthropy are examples of:  exorcism. Incorrect  mass madness. ( True Answer )Correct  physical pathology causing mental illness. Incorrect  disorders that were treated with trephination. Incorrect 80 St. Vitus's dance, characterized by people suddenly going into convulsions, jumping around, and dancing, was also known as:  lycanthropy. Incorrect  melancholia. Incorrect  phlegmatism. Incorrect  tarantism. ( True Answer )Correct 81 ―Mass madness‖ is a general term that includes all of the following disorders common in the Middle Ages in Europe EXCEPT:  tarantism. Incorrect  lycanthropy. Incorrect  exorcism. ( True Answer )Correct  St. Vitus's dance. Incorrect 82 Those MOST often in charge of treating abnormality in the Middle Ages in Europe were the:  physicians. Incorrect  nobility. Incorrect  peasants. Incorrect  clergy. ( True Answer )Correct 83 During the Middle Ages in Europe, demonology dominated views of abnormality for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:  the power of the clergy increased greatly. Incorrect  the church rejected scientific forms of investigation. Incorrect  the church controlled education. Incorrect  the culture rejected religious beliefs. ( True Answer )Correct 84 The individual considered to be the founder of the modern study of psychopathology is:  Hippocrates. Incorrect  Johann Weyer. ( True Answer )Correct  Dorothea Dix. Incorrect  Emil Kraepelin. Incorrect

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    85 Johann Weyer, considered to be the founder of the modern study of psychopathology, was a physician in the:  1200s. Incorrect  1500s. ( True Answer )Correct  1700s. Incorrect  1800s. Incorrect 86 Pilgrims in Europe in the 1600s would be MOST likely to go for ―psychic healing‖ to:  Bethlehem Hospital in London. Incorrect  Gheel, Belgium. ( True Answer )Correct  La Bicêtre in Paris. Incorrect  Athens, Greece. Incorrect 87 In many areas, asylums of the 1500s, such as Bethlehem Hospital in London, became:  shrines. Incorrect  tourist attractions. ( True Answer )Correct  sheltered workshops. Incorrect  centers of moral treatment. Incorrect 88 Treatment for mental illness in the early asylums tended to be:  moral therapy. Incorrect  harsh and cruel. ( True Answer )Correct  religiously based. Incorrect  psychogenic therapy. Incorrect 89 What is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547?  Popularly called ―Bedlam,‖ it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients. ( True Answer )Correct  It was the first asylum founded by Hippocrates. Incorrect  It was founded by Henry VIII as a place to house his numerous ex - wives. Incorrect  It was the first asylum where the moral treatment of patients was practiced. Incorrect 90 The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that:  mental problems had a biological basis. Incorrect

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