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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 1

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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank

Need to practice before your exam? Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank is filled with relevant test questions and answers.

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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 1 preview imageMultiple Choice1. Which of the following isnota purpose of statistical procedures?a. Organizing datab. Summarizing datac. Hypothesizing datad. Communicating dataANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 3Learning about StatisticsKEYWORDS:statistical procedures2. In statistics apopulationisa. the entire group to which a law of nature applies.b. a subset of a group to which a law of nature applies.c. all the people in the world.d. an infinite number that cannot be counted.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 5The Logic of ResearchKEYWORDS:population3. In statistics, asampleisa. the entire group to which a law is applied.b. a subset of a group to which a law is applied.c. all of the subjects in which we are interested.d. at least half of the subjects in the population.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 5The Logic of ResearchKEYWORDS:samplePage1Chapter 01: Introduction to Statistics and Research
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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 2 preview image
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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 3 preview image4. The individuals measured in a sample are called thea. scores.b. population.c. observations.d. participants.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 5The Logic of ResearchKEYWORDS:participants5. Arepresentative sampleis onea. created by selecting only those participants determined to be representative of the larger population.b. having characteristics accurately reflecting the characteristics of the population.c. based on the luck of the draw.d. known to be a biased sample.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 6The Logic of ResearchKEYWORDS:representative sample6. A statistics class has 60% females and 40% males. A researcher selects a sample having 80% males and 20%females. Why should the researcher be cautious of making inferences about the entire class based on the sample?a. Because the sample appears to be representative of the population.b. Because the sample appears to be unrepresentative of the population.c. Because the opinions of the females in the sample will not be the same as those of the females in thepopulation.d. Because the sample was too small.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 6The Logic of ResearchKEYWORDS:representative samplePage2Chapter 01: Introduction to Statistics and Research
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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 4 preview image7. In research, the aspects of the situation or behavior we measure are calleda. scores.b. variables.c. relationships.d. samples and populations.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 6The Logic of ResearchKEYWORDS:variables8. Which of the following is a variable?a. The number of students in your statistics class todayb. The date and month of the 4th of Julyc. The height of the players on a basketball teamd. Your latest test scoreANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 6The Logic of ResearchKEYWORDS:variables9. When a change in the scores of one variable is accompanied by a consistent change in the scores of anothervariable, we have what is known as aa. cause-and-effect explanation.b. relationship.c. variable.d. set of scores.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 7Understanding RelationshipsKEYWORDS:relationshipPage3Chapter 01: Introduction to Statistics and Research
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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 5 preview image10. Of the following data sets, which shows a relationship?a. Sample AXY1 101 112 152 163 203 21b. Sample BXY1 51 62 62 53 53 6c. Sample CXY1 101 102 102 103 103 10d. Sample DXY1 101 212 112 203 153 16ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 7Understanding RelationshipsKEYWORDS:relationship11. A relationship isnotpresent whena. each uniqueYscore is paired with one and only oneXscore.b. as theYscores increase, theXscores also increase.c. as theYscores decrease, theXscores increase.d. virtually the same set ofYscores is paired with everyXscore.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 8Understanding RelationshipsKEYWORDS:relationship12. If I want to summarize the characteristics of my statistics class to my friend, I should usea. an experimental design.b. a correlational design.c. inferential statistics.d. descriptive statistics.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 10Applying Descriptive and Inferential StatisticsKEYWORDS:descriptive statisticsPage4Chapter 01: Introduction to Statistics and Research
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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 6 preview image13. In order to make statements about the population from information obtained from a sample, we must usea. an experimental design.b. a correlational design.c. inferential statistics.d. descriptive statistics.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 10Applying Descriptive and Inferential StatisticsKEYWORDS:inferential statistics14. The variable systematically changed or manipulated by a researcher in an experiment is called thea. independent variable.b. correlational variable.c. dependent variable.d. extraneous variable.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:independent variables15. Suppose you are interested in how participants perform under different temperature conditions. You select 30participants and assign them to work in one of three rooms. The rooms differ only with respect to temperature. Youinstruct all participants to solve the same jigsaw puzzle, and then you measure how long it takes each one to finish.This research is an example ofa. a correlational study.b. population measurement.c. an experimental study.d. the use of descriptive statistics.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:experimentPage5Chapter 01: Introduction to Statistics and Research
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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 7 preview image16. A specific amount or category of the independent variable creating the specific situation under which theparticipants’ scores on some other variable are measured is called a/ana. independent variable.b. dependent variable.c. statistic.d. condition.ANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:condition17. The variable measured as an experiment is being carried out is called thea. independent variable.b. correlational variable.c. dependent variable.d. extraneous variable.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:dependent variables18. A researcher investigates whether there is a relationship between hours of sleep and memory for photographs byhaving 40 people sleep in the laboratory and waking 20 of the participants after 4 hours of sleep and the others after8 hours of sleep. After they are awakened, each participant is asked to study 21 photographs and then recall asmany details from the photographs as possible. In this study, what is 8 hours of sleep?a. The independent variableb. The dependent variablec. The sampled. A condition of the independent variableANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:conditionPage6Chapter 01: Introduction to Statistics and Research
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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 8 preview image19. Suppose you are interested in how participants perform under different temperature conditions. You select 30participants and assign them to work in one of three rooms. The rooms differ only with respect to temperature. Youinstruct all participants to solve the same jigsaw puzzle, and then you measure how long it takes each one to finish. Inthis research, the experimenter is investigating whethera. participants can solve a jigsaw puzzle in different rooms.b. participants can solve a jigsaw puzzle under different temperature conditions.c. the time required to solve a jigsaw puzzle depends on temperature.d. temperature depends on the time required to solve a jigsaw puzzle.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:dependent variables | independent variables20. Which of the following studies is best for showing the first variable produces a change in the second variable?a. A researcher asks people who are entering the grocery store how hungry they are and then asks them howmuch they spent on food as they leave the store.b. A researcher has participants sleep various amounts of hours and then observes how cranky they are.c. A researcher asks participants how well they like to think and how many books they have read in the last 6months.d. A researcher asks participants how many hours per week they listened to Beethoven while growing up andthen gives them a math ability test.ANSWER:bDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:correlational study | experiment21. In a/an ______________________, the experimenter measures scores on two variables. In a/an______________________, the experimenter manipulates or changes one variable and measures scores on theother.a. correlational study; research designb. research design; experimentc. correlational study; experimentd. experiment; correlational studyANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:pp. 10-12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:correlational study | experimentPage7Chapter 01: Introduction to Statistics and Research
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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 9 preview image22. What do the design of the study and the scale of measurement have in common?a. They are the aspects of a study to consider when deciding whether to conduct statistical analysis.b. They are the aspects of a study known only to the researcher.c. They are the aspects of a study to consider when deciding which descriptive or inferential statistics to use.d. They are the aspects of a study known only after the study is completed.ANSWER:cDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 12-14Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:design | measurement scale23. Which of the following orders lists the scales of measurement from the scale providing the least specific informationto the scale providing the most specific information?a. ratio, interval, ordinal, nominalb. ratio, interval, nominal, ordinalc. ordinal, nominal, interval, ratiod. nominal, ordinal, interval, ratioANSWER:dDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:pp. 15-16The Characteristics of ScoresKEYWORDS:measurement scale24. Gender is a clear example of a/an _____________________________ variable.a. qualitativeb. quantitativec. independentd. dependentANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 7The Logic of ResearchPage8Chapter 01: Introduction to Statistics and Research
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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 10 preview image25. Quantitative variables particularly measurea. amounts.b. mere presence.c. associations.d. significance.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 7The Logic of ResearchKEYWORDS:quantitative variables26. Numbers obtained from a sample are known asa. statistics.b. parameters.c. designs.d. variables.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:Applying Descriptive and Inferential Statisticsp. 11KEYWORDS:a statistic27. Symbols associated with different parameters come from the _______________________ alphabet.a. Greekb. Hebrewc. Chinesed. GermanANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 11Applying Descriptive and Inferential StatisticsKEYWORDS:a parameterPage9Chapter 01: Introduction to Statistics and Research
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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 11 preview image28. A dependent variable is so named because it is dependent ona. a participant's reaction to a condition.b. the experimenter's behavior.c. the participant's personality.d. the level of measurement.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:p. 13Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:dependent variables29. Correlational studies primarily are done toa. determine whether there is a relationship between two variables.b. establish cause and effect.c. manipulate an independent variable.d. determine appropriate parameters.ANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 14Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:correlational studies30. Variables that are more appropriate to categorize tend to fall on the ________________________ scale.a. nominalb. ordinalc. ratiod. intervalANSWER:aDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 15The Characteristics of ScoresKEYWORDS:nominal/measurement scalesPage10Chapter 01: Introduction to Statistics and Research
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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 12 preview imageSubjective Short Answer31. For each variable, place a checkmark under the correct measurement scale and type.Measurement Scale | TypeNominalOrdinalIntervalRatioDiscreteContinuousPlace in line to buy ticketsAmount of taxes paid last yearCurrent outdoor temperatureNumber of puppies in a litter.Vehicle make and model (e.g.,Chevy Malibu, Toyota Corolla)ANSWER:Measurement Scale | TypeNominalOrdinalIntervalRatioDiscreteContinuousPlace in line to buy ticketsxxAmount of taxes paid last yearxxCurrent outdoor temperaturexxNumber of puppies in a litter.xxVehicle make and model (e.g.,Chevy Malibu, Toyota Corolla)xxDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:pp. 15-16The Characteristics of ScoresKEYWORDS:continuous | discrete | measurement scale32. The income of lawyers their first year after law school would be an example of what type of variable?ANSWER:ContinuousDIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p. 16The Characteristics of ScoresKEYWORDS:continuous33.A researcher investigated whether a person’s mood influences another person’s mood. The researcher divided theparticipants into three groups. Participants in the first group interacted with a happy person. Participants in thesecond group interacted with a sad person. Participants in the third group interacted with an emotionally neutralperson. After the interaction, the researcher measured how happy the participants were. What are the conditions ofthe independent variable in this study?ANSWER:Happy, sad, and neutralDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:conditionPage11Chapter 01: Introduction to Statistics and Research
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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 13 preview image34. Tiffany is conducting an experiment. She is interested in how fifth-grade teachers can motivate boys to read more.With the approval of her state’s Board of Education, she is able to attend the annual conference of teachers andhave the fifth-grade teachers complete her survey instrument. In this study, what would we consider the fifth-gradeteachers at the conference?ANSWER:The sampleDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 5The Logic of ResearchKEYWORDS:population/sample35.“The average weight of students in the statistics class is 143 pounds” is an example of what type of statement?ANSWER:DescriptiveDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 10Applying Descriptive and Inferential StatisticsKEYWORDS:descriptive/inferential36.“Based on a sample of 52 classrooms, our institution is using 12% less electricity than one year ago” is an exampleof what type of statement?ANSWER:InferentialDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 10Applying Descriptive and Inferential StatisticsKEYWORDS:inferential statistics37. What describes where a researcher actively changes or manipulates one variable, measures the scores on anothervariable, and keeps all other variables constant?ANSWER:The researcher has conducted an experiment.DIFFICULTY:EasyREFERENCES:p.12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:experiment38. Suppose you are interested in how participants behave in different color conditions. You select 30 participants andassign them to one of three rooms. The rooms differ only with respect to the color of the walls. One room is white,one is pale blue, and a third is bright red. Each participant is served a meal of a hamburger and french fries, and youthen measure how long it takes them to finish eating. What would be the independent variable in this study?ANSWER:The color of the room serves as the independent variable.DIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:independent variablesPage12Chapter 01: Introduction to Statistics and Research
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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 14 preview image39. A researcher investigates whether there is a relationship between participating in school clubs and GPA bycomparing GPAs from 40 students who are members of at least one school club with those from 40 students whoare not members of a club. What is the independent variable in this study?ANSWER:Participation in clubs serves as the independent variable.DIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:independent variables40. Mason is conducting a study on the effect of computer-based training on the math ability of seventh-graders. Herandomly assigns one group of students to use a computer-based training method and another group of students touse workbooks. In this study, what would we view math ability as being?ANSWER:Math ability is the dependent variable.DIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:dependent variables41. Suppose you are interested in how participants behave in different color conditions. You select 30 participants andassign them to one of three rooms. The rooms differ only with respect to the color of the walls. One room is white,one is pale blue, and a third is bright red. Each participant is served a meal of a hamburger and french fries, and youthen measure how long it takes them to finish eating. In this research, what is the dependent variable?ANSWER:The dependent variable is the time to finish eating.DIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:dependent variables42. Suppose you are interested in how participants behave in different color conditions. You select 30 participants andassign them to one of three rooms. The rooms differ only with respect to the color of the walls. One room is white,one is pale blue, and a third is bright red. Each participant is served a meal of a hamburger and french fries, and youthen measure how long it takes them to finish eating. What are the conditions of the independent variable?ANSWER:The conditions of the independent variable are red, white, and blue.DIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:conditionPage13Chapter 01: Introduction to Statistics and Research
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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 15 preview image43. Simone observed a group of adults at the local shopping mall. She recorded the length of time (in minutes) theystayed and the number of purchases they made, and then analyzed her data to see if there was a relationshipbetween these two variables. What type of study is this called?ANSWER:This is a correlational study.DIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 14Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:correlation44.“Watch for me on the football field. I’ll be wearing number 32.” What scale of measurement is described by thisstatement?ANSWER:This represents a nominal measurement.DIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 15The Characteristics of ScoresKEYWORDS:measurement scale/nominal45.What is the scale of measurement involved in the statement, “My daughter is four years old."?ANSWER:This is an example of a ratio measurement.DIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 16The Characteristics of ScoresKEYWORDS:measurement scale/ratio46. Suppose a teacher is interested in surveying her students' attitudes about various social issues. On the day of thesurvey, everyone is present and takes it except for one student (who is absent). Can we conclude that a populationhas been measured in this example? Why or why not?ANSWER:No, this is a sample. Even if just one person is not included in a study from a given population, wecannot accurately say that we have surveyed the population.DIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:p.5The Logic of ResearchKEYWORDS:population47. Why is an independent variable so named?ANSWER:An independent variable is supposed to be independent of a participants' wishes, preferences, andpersonal characteristics.DIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:p. 12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:independent variablesPage14Chapter 01: Introduction to Statistics and Research
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Behavioral Sciences STAT (New, Engaging Titles from 4LTR Press) 2nd Edition Test Bank - Page 16 preview image48.Dr. Thompson has randomly assigned participants to walk for 30, 5, or 0 minutes and then measures their mood.How many conditions are present in this study?ANSWER:ThreeDIFFICULTY:ModerateREFERENCES:p. 12Understanding Experiments and Correlational StudiesKEYWORDS:conditions49.Betty insists that ratio scales are the only measurement scales that contain the number 0. Is she correct?ANSWER:Technically, Betty is only partially correct. Only ratio scales contain a "true zero" where thenumber 0 really means nothing is present. However, the number zero could be used in an intervalor even nominal measurement--though this wouldn't reflect a "true zero."DIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:p. 16The Characteristics of ScoresKEYWORDS:ratio scale/levels of measurement50.Is the number of children one has a discrete or continuous variable (or both)?ANSWER:Technically, the number of children one has is a discrete variable. However, we often look at thisvariable as being theoretically continuous particularly in the context of summarizing large amountsof population data (e.g., government statistics).DIFFICULTY:DifficultREFERENCES:pp. 16-17The Characteristics of ScoresKEYWORDS:discrete vs. continuous variablesPage15Chapter 01: Introduction to Statistics and Research
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