Biological Psychology, 13th Edition Test Bank

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Biological Psychology, 13th Edition Test Bank - Page 1 preview image

Name:Class:Date:Chapter011.Dendritescontainthenuclei,ribosomes,mitochondria,andotherstructuresfoundinmostcells.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:False2.Neuronsreceiveinformationandtransmitittoothercells.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:True3.SantiagoRamónyCajalusedspecialstainingtechniquestorevealthatthebrainiscomposedofindividualcells.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:True4.Anefferentaxoncarriesinformationawayfromastructure.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:True5.Thegreaterthesurfaceareaofadendrite,themoreinformationitcanreceivefromotherneurons.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:True6.Neuronsaredistinguishedfromothercellsbytheirshape.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:True7.Theroleofglialcellsistoactlike“glue”orscaffoldingtosupporttheneurons.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:False8.Glialcellstransmitinformationacrosslongdistances.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:False

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Name:Class:Date:Chapter019.Therearetwotypesofglialcellsthatproducemyelinsheath.Inthecentralnervoussystem,Schwanncellsfulfillthisroleand,intheperiphery,oligodendrocytesproduceit.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:False10.Theblood-brainbarrierismadeupofcloselypackedglialcells.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:False11.Thedifferenceinvoltageinarestingneuroniscalledtherestingpotential.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:True12.Increasingtheelectricalgradientforpotassiumwillreducethetendencyforpotassiumionstoexittheneuron.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:True13.Attherestingpotential,thepotassiumchannelsarecompletelyclosedandthesodiumchannelsarealmostclosed.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:False14.Dr.Skinnerisworkinginthelabmeasuringthevoltageofneurons,andduringonecondition,shetriedtodepolarizetheneuronsfrom-70mVto-80mV.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:False15.Actionpotentialscanbeproducedinthedendritesofsomeneurons.a.Trueb.FalseANSWER:False16.Thetwobasickindsofcellsinthenervoussystemare_____.a.neuronsandgliab.dendritesandaxonsc.ribosomesandlysosomesd.neuronsandaxonsANSWER:a

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Name:Class:Date:Chapter0117.SantiagoRamonyCajaldemonstratedthat____.a.atrest,theneuronhasanegativechargeinsideitsmembraneb.neuronsareseparatefromoneanotherc.neuronscommunicateatspecializedjunctionscalledsynapsesd.actionpotentialsfollowtheall-or-nonelawANSWER:b18.Both____and____sharedtheNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinein1906.a.GolgiandCajalb.CajalandSherringtonc.SherringtonandGolgid.CajalandKalatANSWER:a19.Dr.Kimistudiestheplasmamembraneofneurons.Hespecificallyresearchesthespecialized_____thatallowinimportantthingslikewater,oxygen,sodium,andsoon.a.lipidchannelsb.proteinchannelsc.lipidreceptorsd.proteinreceptorsANSWER:b20.Neuronsdiffermoststronglyfromotherbodycellsintheir____.a.temperatureb.shapec.osmoticpressured.mitochondriaANSWER:b21.Whatdoneuronshavethatothercellsdonot?a.Aplasmamembraneb.Large,branchingextensionsc.Proteinchannelsd.AnendoplasmicreticulumANSWER:b

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Name:Class:Date:Chapter0122.Dr.McLaughlin’slabstudieshownewlyformedproteinsarefoldedinsideneurons.Theywouldbemostinterestedinstudyingthe_____.a.endoplasmicreticulumb.mitochondriac.ribosomesd.nucleusANSWER:c23.Water,oxygen,and____freelyflowacrossacellmembrane.a.calciumb.positivelychargedionsc.magnesiumd.carbondioxideANSWER:d24.Thestructurethatcontainsacell’schromosomesiscalledthe____.a.endoplasmicreticulumb.nucleusc.mitochondriond.ribosomeANSWER:b25.Small,chargedmoleculescancrossthecellmembranethrough____.a.diffusionb.ribosomesc.mitochondriad.proteinchannelsANSWER:d26.ProfessorLopezstudiesthespecialized_________intheeyethatdetectlight.a.motorneuronsb.sensoryneuronsc.glialcellsd.interneuronsANSWER:b27.Ribosomesarethepartofacellthat____.a.performsmetabolicactivitiesb.breaksdownharmfulchemicalsc.transportsproteinsd.synthesizesnewproteinsANSWER:d

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Name:Class:Date:Chapter0128.Theendoplasmicreticulumisa____.a.networkofthintubesthattransportnewlysynthesizedproteinsb.sitewherethecellsynthesizesnewproteinmoleculesc.structurethatseparatestheinsideofthecellfromtheoutsided.structurethatcontainsthechromosomesANSWER:a29.Dendrites____.a.containthenucleus,ribosomes,andotherstructuresfoundinmostcellsb.arebranchingfibersthatgetnarrowerneartheirendsc.arethinfibersofconstantdiameterd.areaninsulatingmaterialthatcoveranaxonANSWER:b30.Thebranchingfibersthatformtheinformation-receivingpoleofthenervecellsarecalled_____.a.motorneuronsb.dendritesc.sensoryneuronsd.axonsANSWER:b31.ProfessorXistudiesthe_____locatedonthe_____ofneuronsinordertobetterunderstandhowmessagesarereceivedbytheneuron.a.synapticreceptors;dendritesb.axons;somasc.synaptichillocks;dendritesd.synapticreceptors;somasANSWER:a32.Thetree-likebranchesofaneuronthatreceiveinformationfromotherneuronsarecalled_____.a.axonsb.dendritesc.somad.myelinANSWER:b

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Name:Class:Date:Chapter0133.Manydendritescontainshortoutgrowthscalledspinesthat_____.a.increasethesurfaceareaavailableforsynapsesb.increasethespeedoftransmissionc.eliminatecellwasteproductsd.increasethesymmetryofthesomaANSWER:a34.Ascomparedtodendrites,axonsusually____.a.formtheinformation-receivingpoleoftheneuronb.areshorterinlengthc.arecoveredwithmyelind.taperindiametertowardtheirperipheryANSWER:c35.Theinsulatingmaterialthatcoversmanyvertebrateaxonsiscalledthe____.a.dendriteb.myelinsheathc.cellbodyorsomad.presynapticterminalANSWER:b36.Jasmineisinherphysiologylabpracticinglabelinganeuron.WhenshegetstothenodesofRanvier,shewillbelabeling______.a.thespinyoutgrowthsondendritesb.themyelinsheathc.theswellingattheendoftheaxond.thegapsinthemyelinsheathalongtheaxonANSWER:d37.Gapsintheinsulatingmaterialthatsurroundsaxonsareknownas____.a.interpeduncularnucleib.nodesofRanvierc.myelinsynapsesd.presynapticterminalsANSWER:b38.Apresynapticterminalisalsoknownas____.a.anendbulbb.anodeofRanvierc.myelind.aspineANSWER:a

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Name:Class:Date:Chapter0139.Anaxonhasmanybranches,eachofwhichswellsatitstip.Theseareknownas____.a.presynapticterminalsb.efferentaxonsc.afferentaxonsd.intrinsicneuronsANSWER:a40.ProfessorCasestudieshowdrugsofabusechangetheamountofchemicalthatneuronsreleasefromthepresynapticterminalintothe______.a.dendriticterminalb.junctionbetweenneuronsc.afferentspaced.nucleusANSWER:b41.Neuronstypicallyhaveone____,butmany____.a.dendrite;axonsb.axon;dendritesc.cellbody;axonsd.dendrite;cellbodiesANSWER:b42.Asageneralrule,axonsconveyinformation____.a.towarddendritesoftheirowncellb.towardtheirowncellbodyc.awayfromtheirowncellbodyd.tosurroundinggliaANSWER:c43.Ifyouweretoaccidentallytouchahotstovewithyourhand,youwouldquicklypullyourhandaway.Theinformationcarriedtothemusclesinyourarmtomakethemcontractwascarriedby____.a.efferentneuronsb.afferentneuronsc.intrinsicneuronsd.sensoryneuronsANSWER:a

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Name:Class:Date:Chapter0144.Ifallofaneuron’sdendritesoraxonswerecontainedwithinthespinalcord,itwouldbeconsidereda(n)____neuron.a.efferentb.afferentc.intrinsicd.PurkinjeANSWER:c45.Whattypeofneuronintheponsreceivesinformationonlyfromothercellsintheponsandsendsinformationonlytoothercellsinthepons?a.Afferentb.Efferentc.Intrinsicd.Inter-synapticANSWER:c46.ProfessorPeachislecturinginherclassaboutglialcells.Shewilltellherclassthatglialcells______.a.arelesscommonthanneuronsinthehumannervoussystem.b.areresponsiblefortransmittinginformationwithintheperipheralnervoussystem.c.arethe“glue”thatholdsalloftheneuronstogetherinthebrain.d.arenotaswellstudiedasneuronsbuthavebeenshowntoperformmanyimportantfunctionsinthenervoussystem.ANSWER:d47.Whattypeofgliahelpstosynchronizetheactivityofaxons?a.Oligodendrocytesb.Astrocytesc.Radialgliad.SchwanncellsANSWER:b48.Whichtypeofgliaremovewastematerialinthenervoussystem?a.Astrocytesb.Schwanncellsc.Oligodendrocytesd.RadialgliaANSWER:a

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Name:Class:Date:Chapter0149.Whattypeofglialcellsmyelinateaxonsinthebrainandspinalcord?a.oligodendrocytesb.Schwanncellsc.radialgliad.astrocytesANSWER:a50.Whichtypeofgliareleasechemicalsthatmodifytheactivityofneighboringneurons?a.Astrocytesb.Schwanncellsc.Oligodendrocytesd.RadialgliaANSWER:a51.Whichtypeofgliabuildsmyelinsheathsaroundaxonsintheperipheryofthebody?a.Astrocytesb.Schwanncellsc.Oligodendrocytesd.RadialgliaANSWER:b52.____inthebrainandspinalcordand____intheperipheryarespecializedtypesofgliathatbuildthemyelinsheathsthatsurroundneurons.a.Oligodendrocytes;Schwanncellsb.Schwanncells;oligodendrocytesc.Microglia;oligodendrocytesd.Radialglia;SchwanncellsANSWER:a53.Dr.Pautzstudiestheimmunesystemandhasrecentlybecomeinterestedintheglialcellsthatfunctionsimilartoothercellsintheimmunesystem.WhatcellshasDr.Pautzstartedexploring?a.Schwanncellsb.Microgliac.Astrocytesd.RadialgliaANSWER:b

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Name:Class:Date:Chapter0154.Radialglia____.a.guidethemigrationofneuronsduringembryonicdevelopmentb.synchronizetheactivityofaxonsc.wraparoundthepresynapticterminalsofseveralaxonsd.buildthemyelinsheathsthatsurroundandinsulatecertainaxonsANSWER:a55.Whatmechanismpreventsorslowssomechemicalsfromenteringthebrain,whileallowingotherstoenter?a.Athresholdb.Ablood-brainbarrierc.Anendoplasmicwalld.Adifferential-druginhibitorANSWER:b56.Andrewwasexposedtothechickenpoxvirusasachild.Whathappenedtothatvirusafteritcrossedtheblood-brainbarrierandenteredAndrew’sbrain?a.Andrew’snaturalkillercellswereabletoquicklydestroyit.b.Thegliainhisbrainengulfedthevirusandthennaturalkillercellsdestroyedthemboth.c.Nothinghappenedsincethechickenpoxviruscannotcrosstheblood-brainbarrier.d.Nothinghappenedatfirst,butthevirusremainedthereandcausednegativeeffectsforAndrewashegotolder.ANSWER:d57.Moleculesthatcancrosstheblood-brainbarrierareusually____.a.large,unchargedmolecules,suchaslactoseb.large,chargedmoleculesc.neurotransmitters,suchasdopamined.moleculesthatcandissolveinthefatsofthecapillarywallsANSWER:d58.Themajordisadvantageofablood-brainbarrieristhat____.a.manychemicalscaneasilydiffuseintothebrainb.somuchglucoseisrequiredtomaintainitc.certainrequiredchemicalsmustbeactivelytransportedd.virusescannotescapeANSWER:c

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Name:Class:Date:Chapter0159.Marquittaisstudyingforaquizandrecordsinhernotesthatglucoseisthemainsourceoffuelforthenervoussystemandentersthebrainvia_____.a.activetransportb.passivetransportc.gapsintheventriclesd.gapsintheblood-brainbarrierANSWER:a60.Whatisthemainsourceofnutritionforvertebrateneurons?a.Fatsb.Glucosec.Sodiumd.ComplexcarbohydratesANSWER:b61.ProfessorNunoexplainedtoherclassthatglucoseissoimportanttothebrainbecause______.a.neuronsandglialcellscanonlymetabolizeglucose.b.glialcellscanonlybreakdownglucoseintoenergythattheneuronscanuse.c.glucoseisuniqueandcancrosstheblood-brainbarriertobeusedbyneurons.d.allotherformsofenergyareusedupbythebodyanddon’tmakeittothebrain.ANSWER:c62.Whydoesthebrainneedthiamine?a.Toenableglucosetocrosstheblood-brainbarrierb.Asasourceoffuelincasethereisnotenoughglucosec.Asabuildingblockformakingproteinsd.ToenableittometabolizeglucoseANSWER:d63.DaltonhasbeendiagnosedwithKorsakoff’ssyndrome.Whatlikelycausedhisdisorder?a.Heisanalcoholicandhasdamagedhisnervoussystemsuchthatglucosecannotcrosstheblood-brainbarrier.b.Hehasbeenexposedtoavirusthathasnowstartedkillingneurons.c.Hedoesn’thaveenoughthiamineprobablyasaresultofchronicalcoholism.d.Hisglialcellsareoveractiveandaredamaginghealthyneurons.ANSWER:c64.Korsakoff'ssyndrome____.a.ismarkedbyseverememoryimpairmentsb.resultsfromtoomuchthiaminec.resultsfromlackofoxygentothebraind.isduetoabreakdownoftheblood-brainbarrierANSWER:a

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Name:Class:Date:Chapter0165.Themembraneofaneuroniscomposedof____with____embeddedinthem.a.carbohydrates;purinesb.phospholipids;proteinsc.proteins;neurotransmittersd.benzenemolecules;carbohydratesANSWER:b66.Whattermdescribesthedifferenceinvoltagethattypicallyexistsbetweentheinsideandtheoutsideofaneuron?a.Concentrationgradientb.Generatorpotentialc.Restingpotentiald.ShockgradientANSWER:c67.Inordertochangetheamountofpolarizationofaneuron,ProfessorAlleywouldneedtochangethedifferenceinvoltagebetween_____.a.thedendritesandtheaxonhillockb.theaxonandthesomac.insidethenucleusandoutsidethenucleusd.insidethecellandoutsidethecellANSWER:d68.Therestingpotentialismainlytheresultof____.a.negativelychargedproteinsinsidethecellb.positivelychargedproteinsinsidethecellc.negativelychargedproteinsoutsidethecelld.positivelychargedproteinsoutsidethecellANSWER:a69.ProfessorDurrantexplainedtohisstudentsthattherestingpotentialofaneuronisthe______.a.totalamountofpositivechargeinsidetheneuronrelativetotheoutsideb.totalamountofnegativechargeinsidetheneuronrelativetotheoutsidec.totalamountofsodiumionscomparedtopotassiumionsd.theamountofpositivechargeinthedendritescomparedtotheaxonANSWER:b

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Name:Class:Date:Chapter0170.Pokisinthelabandismeasuringtherestingpotentialofneurons.Approximatelywhatshouldshemeasureastherestingpotential?a.-65millivoltsb.0millivoltsc.70millivoltsd.-70millivoltsANSWER:d71.Whentheneuronalmembraneisatrest,thepotassiumchannels____.a.permitpotassiumionstopassquicklyandeasilyb.permitpotassiumionstopassslowlyc.prohibitanymovementofpotassiumionsd.helptoopenupthesodiumchannelsANSWER:b72.Jenaisreviewinghernotesonactionpotentialsforaquiz.Shemakesanextranotationthatbeforetheactionpotentialwhentheneuronisatrest,sodiumchannels_____.a.areopenandallowsodiumionstoflowthrougheasilyb.areclosedanddon’tallowsodiumtopassthrough.c.arepartiallyopen,sosodiumleaksthroughslowlyd.arepartiallyopenbutatequilibrium,sothesodiumdoesn’tmoveANSWER:b73.ProfessorRhodusislecturingaboutselectivepermeabilityofneurons.Whatwouldhetelltheclass?a.Allionscanonlytravelinonedirectionacrossthemembrane.b.Allmoleculesmustcrossthemembraneviaadesignatedchannel.c.Onlycertainmoleculescancrossthemembranefreely.d.Onlysodiumandpotassiumionscancrossthemembrane.ANSWER:c74.Whenaneuron’smembraneisatrest,theconcentrationgradienttendstomovesodium____thecellandtheelectricalgradienttendstomoveit____thecell.a.into;intob.into;outofc.outof;intod.outof;outofANSWER:a

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Name:Class:Date:Chapter0175.Whenaneuron’smembraneisatrest,theconcentrationgradienttendstomovepotassium____thecellandtheelectricalgradienttendstomoveit____thecell.a.into;intob.into;outofc.outof;intod.outof;outofANSWER:c76.Electricalgradientsleadtothe____.a.generalmovementofionsintotheneuronb.generalmovementofionsoutoftheneuronc.movementofionstoareashavingthesameelectricalchargesd.movementofionstoareashavingoppositeelectricalchargesANSWER:d77.Underwhichconditionswouldthesodium-potassiumpumplikelybefarlesseffectiveincreatingaconcentrationgradient?a.ifdendritesweregenerallylongerthanaxonsb.iftheglia-to-neuronratiowerehigherc.ifselectivepermeabilityofthemembranedidnotexistd.ifitwereanactivetransportsystemthatrequiredenergyANSWER:c78.Theneteffectofeachcycleofthesodium-potassiumpumpisto____.a.decreasethenumberofpositivelychargedionswithinthecellb.increasethenumberofpositivelychargedionswithinthecellc.decreasethenumberofpositivelychargedionsoutsidethecelld.increasethenumberofnegativelychargedionswithinthecellANSWER:a79.Dr.Delillostudiestherestingpotentialofneurons.Hehasfoundthat_______isthemainreasontheneuronisabletomaintaintherestingpotential.a.thesizedifferencebetweentheaxonanddendritesb.thesodium-potassiumpumpc.theconcentrationgradientd.therefractoryperiodofthemembraneANSWER:b

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Name:Class:Date:Chapter0180.Theconcentrationgradientreferstothe____.a.factthattheconcentrationofionsisgreaterontheinsideofaneuronb.factthattheconcentrationofionsisgreaterontheoutsideofaneuronc.differenceindistributionforvariousionsbetweentheinsideandoutsideofthemembraned.negativelychargedproteinsinsidethecellANSWER:c81.Whicheventwillincreasetheconcentrationgradientofsodium?a.Decreasingpermeabilitytopotassiumionsb.Increasingactivityofthesodiumpotassiumpumpc.Increasingmembranepermeabilitytosodiumionsd.IncreasingmembranepermeabilitytochlorideionsANSWER:b82.Theconcentrationgradientforpotassiumtendsto____.a.drawpotassiumintothecellb.pushchlorideoutofthecellc.pushsodiumoutofthecelld.pushpotassiumoutofthecellANSWER:d83.ProfessorMichaelsisexplainingtohisstudentsthat,whentheneuronisatrest,______ismostlyresponsibleforthemovementofpotassiumionsoutofthecell.a.potassium’selectricalgradientb.potassium’sconcentrationgradientc.thesodium-potassiumpumpd.sodium'selectricalgradientANSWER:b84.Whenaneuronisatrest,whatisprimarilyresponsibleformovingpotassiumionsintothecell?a.Concentrationgradientb.Anelectricalgradientc.Thesodium-potassiumpumpd.Boththesodium-potassiumpumpandelectricalgradientANSWER:d85.Whenamembraneisatrest,whatattractspotassiumionstotheinsideofthecell?a.Anelectricalgradientb.Aconcentrationgradientc.Bothanelectricalgradientandaconcentrationgradientd.NeitheranelectricalgradientnoraconcentrationgradientANSWER:a

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